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Iran and the U.S.Research Paper Outline
Tyler Streeter
Dr. Hilaire
POSC 331: 001
October 1, 2018
Iran and the U.S.Research Paper Outline
Topic:
The United States has the cultural tendency to generalize ethnicities. Iran, a distinctive middle eastern nation, has suffered under general foreign policy actions from the U.S.
Introduction:
The Middle East is a conflict-filled, resource-rich, culturally unique region that has been constantly overlooked and underestimated. Multiple stakeholders and states have been involved in the region for a plentiful amount of reasons.The cultural ignorance has influenced U.S. foreign policy to neglect perspective opportunities of a country within impoverished regions. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate Iran and the United States foreign policy interactions from their domestic perspective. Their domestic perspectives shall encompass both cultural and administrative influences.
Objectives:
Emphasize the influence of cultural practices on foreign diplomacy tactics
Provide a regional and country-specific historical context for the U.S. and Iranian relations
Differentiate foreign policy between administrations in both Iran and the U.S. With a particular focus on comparison on Barack Obama’s expansive foreign diplomacy approach and Donald Trump’s restrictive foreign diplomacy approach.
Analyze the United States foreign policy towards Iran and Iran’s foreign policy towards the United States
Critically evaluate determining influences on foreign relations approach. With a specific adherence to culture, resources, and global status
Historical Context:
Iran and the United States, for the purposes of this paper, began the bulk of their interactions in 1951.
-1951: Mohammed Mossadegh, associate degree ultranationalist, is the democratically elected prime minister, underneath the monarch. He angers Great Britain by making an attempt to nationalize the oil business.
-1953: Both U.S. and British cooperatively and successfully overthrew Mossadegh through their distinctive intelligence agencies. The coup consolidates power beneath the Shah, making certain cooperation on oil and discouraging Communist expansion.
-1963-1964: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, an Islamic leader, was arrested for speaking out against the Shah’s relationship with the United States. His arrest resulted in him being exiled to Turkey.
-1978: Khomeini continues his activism by establishing an opposition movement in Paris, France.
-1979: Khomeini and his supporters claim Iran as an Islamic State. They occupy the United States embassy in Iran’s capital, Tehran, for over a year. The United States limits economic interactions with Iran by freezing their assets.
-1980-81: The United States severs all ties with Iran. A failed military rescue takes place which resulted in a crashed helicopter. At the end of President Carter’s term, hostages are finally released
-1980s: Scarce interactions but interactions revived in Iran assisting U.S. with liberating hostages held in Lebanon. An Iranian plane was accidentally shot down by American Cruisers
-1989: Khomeini passes away and another Iranian political figure rises to the highest office, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
-1990s: Overview of the Clinton administration. Were the imposition of sanctions on Iran by the U.S. justified? Madeleine Albright’s role in assisting the transition of relations from hostile to inactive. Distrust amplified between the two states.
-2000: Albright announces the lifting of sanctions.
The United States Foreign Policy towards Iran and Vice Versa (Contemporary Context):
-Post 9/11: Khamenei quickly condemned the attacks of 9/11. The U.S. entered Afghanistan under their decreed war on terror. Afghanistan was able to defeat the Islamic extremist group, the Taliban government, after the U.S. led war. American and Iranian diplomats met together in the urban center of Bonn, with a few representatives from the United Nations, to create a brand new government and constitution for the capital of Afghanistan. Iran also opened its borders for refugees coming in from Afghanistan. Iran proposed a “grand bargain” to the U.S. to assist their presence in the region and even claimed they would possibly recognize Israel as a state. The U.S. overlooked the proposed meeting, once again disrespecting Iran.
-Obama Administration: The Iran Nuclear Deal and the importance of denuclearization will be discussed in this section, as well as Obama’s administration’s extensive efforts to reach the agreement. The deal is broken up into five major tenants 1) Limitation of Iran’s Uranium stockpile. The Uranium supply is always below the amount necessary to form a nuclear weapon. 2) Uranium enrichment also disables them from being able to create a nuclear weapon. 3) Iran gave up two-thirds of their center fuses. 4) UN inspectors have relatively easy access to inspect any Iranian nuclear or military facilities. 5) The U.S., European Union, and UN will lift sanctions extremely damaging to their economy. Shortcomings: angered Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Republicans. Does not include any other aspects of diplomacy. Has loopholes in the event Iran does not comply with the agreement.
-Trump Administration: Reversal of Obama’s progression. Disrespectful diplomacy. Has abandoned the Iran Nuclear Deal, which was required to be signed by the President every 90 days. Donald Trump utilizations of fear-mongering tactics and generalizations translated into diplomatic action.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, progress on U.S. and Iranian relations have been set back from the Trump administration. Cultural influence and capitalistic needs have blurred relations that Barack Obama began to bring clarity to in the Iran Nuclear Deal. Unfortunately, the evasive behavior of the current administration has to lead to regression in relations between the two nations.
Work Cited
Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran.
Butler, Declan. “Iran Nuclear Deal Poses Scientific Challenges.” Nature, Sept. 2015, doi:10.1038/nature.2015.17296.
Duncombe, Constance. “Representation, Recognition and Respect: Foreign Policy and the Iran-US Relationship.” doi:10.14264/uql.2015.164.
“Engel Statement on Iran Deal.” States News Service, 14 July 2015, www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-421696508.html?refid=easy_hf.
“Introduction.” US Foreign Policy and the Modernization of Iran, doi:10.1057/9781137482211.0003.
“IRAN-US CLAIMS TRIBUNAL v. AS.” International Law Reports, pp. 321–330., doi:10.1017/cbo9781316152232.021.
Kemp, Geoffrey. U.S. and Iran: the Nuclear Dilemma: next Steps. Nixon Center, 2004.
Offiler, Ben. “US Foreign Policy and the Modernization of Iran.” 2015, doi:10.1057/9781137482211.
The Middle East: United States Policy and Relations in the …web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/war_peace/middleeast/hcentury.html.
“UN Nuclear Chief Supports US-Iran Talks.” Physics Today, 2009, doi:10.1063/pt.5.023023.
“UN Nuclear Chief Supports US-Iran Talks.” Physics Today, 2009, doi:10.1063/pt.5.023023.
Comparing and Contrasting Careers-Medicine and Electrical Engineering
Name
Professor’s name
Course
Date
Comparing and Contrasting Careers-Medicine and Electrical Engineering
There is no doubt that medicine and engineering are some of the most lucrative careers to exist. For centuries now, both careers have continued to attract numerous students that are excited to graduate and venture into the job market as soon as possible. For smart students, making a decision on the career to choose between medicine and electrical engineering can be an uphill task. Careers as a doctor and electrical engineer share both similarities and differences.
One of the common factors that cut across moth careers is that they are both marketable, making them lucrative. There is a growing demand for professionals in both sectors, making it easy for graduates to find a job after graduation. While the competition for doctors and electrical engineers is high, there is hardly a shortage of jobs. One of the differences between both of these careers is in their roles. While a doctor’s main role is to examine, diagnose and treat patients, engineers mainly deal with engines, machines, and public works. Doctors are responsible for people’s health, while engineers’ role is in equipment, buildings, and systems. As regards work environment, while doctors work in clinical and non-clinical settings such as hospitals and clinics, engineers work behind closed doors in industrial plants, office buildings, and laboratories. Worth noting that engineers also work in outdoor areas such as works sites every once in a while. Another difference is that engineers typically work 40 hours a week. On the other hand, doctors tend to have a rigid work schedule. They work outside normal hours and work in shifts and rotating on-call schedules. Another significant difference between a career as an engineer and a doctor is the salary and re-numeration packages. Although salary depends on experience and location, an average doctor makes up to $246, 142 a year while engineers make a national average of $68, 746 a year. While both careers have similarities and differences, they are lucrative in their own unique way.
Unemployment in the USA Causes, Flaws, And Remedies
topic proposal
Unemployment in the USA: Causes, Flaws, And Remedies
Aims and objectives
1.To investigate the rate of unemployment in the USA.
2.To analyze the causes of unemployment in the USA.
3.To determine the flaws of unemployment in the United States.
4.To identify possible solutions for unemployment in the USA.
Type and sources of data and methods of data analysis
This study will evaluate unemployment in the USA, its causes, flaws, and feasible solutions. The research will include both quantitative and qualitative secondary data. Quantitative data will consist of numeric data, such as unemployment rates. Qualitative data will have information like the effects, causes, and solutions for unemployment in the country. The research will obtain this data from secondary sources like websites, reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other sources. The primary database that the research will consult is Google Scholar, with the keyword ‘unemployment.’ Given the data type, the methods of data analysis will incorporate literature review, statistics, and content with analyses.
Literature Review
The USA’s unemployment rate has remained stable in the 21st century, except during the financial crisis of 2008-2009 and the coronavirus pandemic of 2020 (Richter, 2020). According to Richter (2020), the hospitality, tourism, and financial sectors are more prone to these seasonal unemployment crises. Other than crises, there are various other causes of unemployment in the USA. The American Debt Help Organization (ADHO) says that these causes depend on the type of unemployment (frictional, cyclic, and structural) (ADHO, 2020). Economic slowdowns cause cyclical unemployment due to the slowdown in demand. In contrast, the mismatch in the job market due to challenges in training and education or advanced skills requirements causes unemployment (ADHO, 2020).
A high unemployment level is a significant challenge for any economy. Tcherneva (2017) says that unemployment is an epidemic that affects various other factors of an individual and the entire community. Unemployment results in poor health, mental strain, and poor living conditions of the unemployed individual. For the community, unemployment increases crime rates, spending on public health, and high mortality rates (Tcherneva, 2017). These impacts go through the social, and economic sectors of society. Therefore, it is important to come up with solutions for high levels of unemployment.
Economic stimulation, job guarantee, and universal basic income are among the critical solutions to unemployment (O’Halloran, Farnworth, Innes & Thomacos, 2018). Economic stimulation involves increasing the money supply to encourage increased demand for goods and services. Ehrenberg & Smith (2016) explains that this solution is highly effective for demand-deficient (cyclic) unemployment. Furthermore, according to O’Halloran, Farnworth, Innes & Thomacos (2018), job guarantee policy is a demand-side solution, whereby the government and companies offer guaranteed employment to workers. This solution is effective in curbing seasonal and other types of unemployment. The USA provides unemployment benefits to its unemployed job seekers and this policy is beneficial in reducing unemployment.
References
ADHO. (2020). U.S. Unemployment. Retrieved 30 June 2020, from https://www.debt.org/jobs/unemployment/united-states/
Ehrenberg, R., & Smith, R. (2016). Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (12th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
O’Halloran, D., Farnworth, L., Innes, E., & Thomacos, N. (2018). An occupational perspective on three solutions to unemployment. Journal Of Occupational Science, 25(3), 297-308. doi: 10.1080/14427591.2018.1474128
Richter, F. (2020). Infographic: Unemployment Rate Remains Historically High. Retrieved 30 June 2020, from https://www.statista.com/chart/21660/unemployment-rate-in-the-us/
Tcherneva, P. (2017). Unemployment: The Silent Epidemic. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-11. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3025544