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Public and Private Institutions in Athletics
Public and Private Institutions in Athletics
Name
Institution
Public and Private Institutions in AthleticsThe public institutional colleges operate under the control of a state or the local governments. These colleges receive a considerable amount of their budget from the state or the public funding. The private colleges do not receive direct funding from the state and are controlled by the board of trustees’ members. It is incredibly conflicting in the way the public institutions are viewed compared to the private institutions, especially for the athletes. The dream of most young athletes is to play in college one day. They believe that the college would become the gate pass of becoming professionals. For the students to accomplish this dream, they need college scouts to watch them play in their favorite sports which is vital (Yeung, 2015).
Both the athletes at the private and public institutions put more effort to achieve their dreams; conversely, they will win a different kind of attention. An athlete who is at the individual institution will receive a lot of attention compared to the athlete in the public institution. For example, the Miami Herald once hosted the All Broward-Banquet, and the top athletes from each district attended it. However, more than three-quarter of the total athletes from the private institutions were recognized winners. Also, the most prominent award was awarded to a student from a private institution (G & Wafer, 2015). The main reasons as to why the individual schools outshined the public schools is because the private schools are capable of finding and attracting the best coaches and scouts, they can pay fans of the game to come and watch and also they can live stream the games which they play.
Most of the public institutional colleges do not have the mandate to award scholarships as they need to put money in other areas thus this discourages the talented athletes to find greener pastures. The students at the private schools typically have to pay a certain amount of funds which contribute to the athletics resources. The money provided and the resources obtained helps the individual institutions to attract the best college scouts to coach them. The private schools have a benefit because due to this money they can get the best players from anywhere. This motivates the other athletes by surrounding them with better players which makes them feel like superior players. This is to say that the public school players have a disadvantage in that they do not get an equal amount of resources compared to the private schools (Yeung, R, 2015).
Recently the private institutions are dominating the public ones in athletics as they are showing dominance in most of the sports. The main reason has to be funding. Private institutions can get money from wealthy donors, and they use that money towards athletics improvements. Furthermore, the individual institutions have a great alumni base with rich traditions. Therefore, they do not struggle very much with getting funding for their athletic programs because they get support budget from the alumni independent source. This depicts that the athletes in private colleges are well and better skilled. It is expensive paying for games and parents who can send their children to private colleges are also able to afford to spend money on their children to play on special teams which helps them improve their skills.
Majority of private school are in influential organizations as they need to compete and top against the public schools in the athletic programs. Therefore, they spend most of time and resources training with the other private schools to finally offer a significant challenge to the public schools. Another issue in the athletics in both private and public institutions is the classification. Private schools are generally complicated to classify. The public schools are grouped to compete with schools of their enrollment size, and it is quite difficult to rank the private schools that generally have few enrollments but quite good athletic programs. The successes by the individual institutions commonly lead to disagreements and raising eyebrows (Pryor et al., 2015). They are often accused of recruiting athletes who are prohibited by the authorities. However, these accusations mostly tend to be difficult to prove.
In conclusion, it is good to say that the private institutions have an added advantage over the public institutions in athletics. It is sure that this progress is brought about by money because inopportunely money is what leads a team to the top. There is no doubt that the private schools outshine the public schools in championships. Most states are trying to carve out the private schools that don’t use the location-based enrollment into their playoff systems. This system brings frustrations to the private institutional colleges. This makes them feel as if it is a punishment for their continued success. The public institutional colleges also feel frustrated as they usually think the private institutions are using underhand methods for their success. What makes these public institutions feel agitated is watching the same teams win in championships like every year. There are those who urge separating the public schools from the private schools in athletics could water down the competition. I believe that this will not be the solution because it might lead the more top athletes looking for the private institutional colleges that have high- level athletic programs and infrastructure.
References
Lincove, J. A., Cowen, J. M., & Imbrogno, J. P. (2018). What’s in Your Portfolio? How Parents Rank Traditional Public, Private, and Charter Schools in Post-Katrina New Orleans’ Citywide System of School Choice. Education Finance and Policy, 13(2), 194-226.
Pryor, R. R., Casa, D. J., Vandermark, L. W., Stearns, R. L., Attanasio, S. M., Fontaine, G. J., & Wafer, A. M. (2015). Athletic training services in public secondary schools: a benchmark study. Journal of athletic training, 50(2), 156-162.
Yeung, R. (2015). Athletics, athletic leadership, and academic achievement. Education and Urban Society, 47(3), 361-387.
New York City A Representation Of Multiculturalism In The Food Industry
New York City: A Representation Of Multiculturalism In The Food Industry.
Introduction
Cultural diversity has been one of the most popular topics in the recent times. This may partly have resulted from the fact that the world has essentially become a global village with people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds travelling to other parts of the world and settling there. As much as some cultures and ethnic groups may be predominant in certain parts of the world, it is extremely difficult to find areas where only one culture lives or areas which are solely composed of one ethnic group. This has essentially informed the policies of governments, as well as those of the societies. Scholars note that once a new ethnic culture is introduced in a particular area, some of its aspects are inculcated into the people of that area. While there are variations as to the magnitude of changes that occur on either side, the fact is that “both the entrant and the “original” group are changed in certain ways especially with regard to the manner in which they relate to each other” (Jayaraman 4). On the same note, the business world has not been spared by the cultural diversity occurring in many parts of the world. Given the changes in the ethnic or cultural composition or demographics of the population in particular regions, businesses have had to change their tactics in order to retain their relevance, as well as safeguard their long-term sustainability and profitability (Berger and Samuel 23). This has been extremely evident in the case of New York City, especially in the hotel, restaurant and food industry, where the menus are always a reflection of the ethnic and cultural diversity represented in the city.
New York City represents what is arguably the most vibrant, as well as sprawling metropolis in the entire world. It takes up five boroughs, each of which has its own unique identity. This should not come as a surprise especially considering that “the five municipalities, which include the Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island, Queens and Manhattan, were each autonomous municipalities prior to the historic 1898 consolidation” (Berger and Samuel 17). Nevertheless, New York can be said to be the ethnic culinary, culture, as well as food capital city in the entire globe. As the world most incredible “Melting Pot”, the city is well endowed with the rich traditions pertaining to diverse, as well as authentic ethnic cultures and foods. This culture and food is celebrated by millions of old and new immigrants connected to each other by their religion, culture, nations, as well as language origins from the various parts of the globe (Jayaraman 13). New York has had to change in order to align itself to the culinary preferences of people from the varied parts of the world. In essence, it is not difficult to come across world cultures and foods, be they African, Asian, European, American, Middle Eastern, and Latina without stepping out of the five boroughs of New York City (Jayaraman 17).
New York City is home to an estimated 24,000 restaurants of different classes and with different menus. The restaurant industry in New York City is heterogeneous, operating a wide range of services ranging from full-service fine dining establishments to take-out restaurants, mid-priced ethnic restaurants, myriad coffee bars, and national chain fast-food establishment among other food serving establishments (Skinner 6). A large number of the restaurants in New York City are small with research in 2004 showing that approximately 72% of the establishments had less than twenty employees, while only 15% surpassed that number (Skinner 6). There are also variations in the form of ownership of these establishments. It goes without saying that the foods in these restaurants have different prices, in which case “price would be a differentiating factor” (Albala 12). However, the key distinguishing factor in this case is the variation in the dishes offered in the different restaurants. Research shows that more than 40 per cent of the restaurants offer foods and cuisine from diverse cultural backgrounds. These may be offered on specific days or all-through (Albala 17).
There are numerous international restaurants that offer intercontinental dining. Anyone looking for Cantonese cuisine would have their craving satisfied in Jing Jong Restaurant along 20 Elizabeth Street. Italian cuisine is offered in the Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca at 110 Waverly Place, while South African foods can be found at the i-Shebeen Madiba at 195 Dekalb Ave. In addition, Pakistani cultural foods may be obtained from the Pakistani Restaurant at 478 9th Ave, a restaurant that offers Middle Eastern and Indian platters (Burke 9). On the same note, an individual with an appetite for Russian foods would satisfy it at Firebird Russian Restaurant, a relatively expensive restaurant on 365 W 46th Street, while Moroccan cuisines are offered at Sahara East restaurant on 184 1st Ave. Complementing the picture is the Darbar restaurant on 152 E 46th St., an Indian restaurant that offers a wide range of Indian favorites, as well as the Bona restaurant that offers Polish cuisines (Burke 17). Others include the Bolo restaurant offering Spanish dishes, Shun Lee Palace that offers a wide range of Chinese delights from various regions in China, Flushing restaurant that offers Taiwanese foods, St Marks Place for Japanese foods, Absolute Bagel for Chinese foods and many more. These restaurants are simply a portion of the close to 12000 restaurants offering foods from different parts of the globe either as their main dishes or as part of their menu. While there are variations on the prices and the representation of the varied cultures of the world, it is indeed difficult to lack food from any part of the world. This underlines the fact that New York has retained its nature as a multicultural city.
On the same note, this multicultural diversity in the food industry is not restricted to restaurants and establishments. Mobile food vendors have also embraced the aspect of multicultural representation in the foods that they offer. New York City is home to more than 5000 mobile food vendors selling their foods at the sidewalks of the city’s streets. However, given the increased competition that they face from each other, as well as the key establishments, they not only have to maintain high standards of sanitation but also diversify in the types of dishes that they offer. Research shows that more than 65 per cent of the mobile food vendors offer a mix of foods from different cultural backgrounds ranging from Tibet to Morocco, Japan, China, India and the Middle East among other parts of the globe. On the same note, New York often has tours where individuals can sample foods from different backgrounds offered by the mobile food vendors. In 2012, for example, New York City had Jackson Heights Food Cart Tour, which offered individuals an opportunity to sample the diverse foods offered in Queens neighborhood (Serjeant and Brunnstrom 1). The foods on offer included Tibetan, and Indian, as well as Mexican cuisines. For less than a hundred dollars, the tour that allowed an individual to sample foods from around the world could be done within a single afternoon. The foods offered in New York City’s “Eat The Street Tours” provide an opportunity to sample the life of immigrants in the most ethnically diverse neighborhood in the world including foods such as Uruguayan cookies (known as alfajors) and Tibetan dumplings (termed as momos) (Serjeant and Brunnstrom 3). These dishes are not only a representation of the cultural diversity of the individuals in New York City but also underline the nature of the city as a global capital and the most vibrant representation of cultural diversity in the world.
In conclusion, cultural diversity has been an extremely popular topic in the recent times. This is especially considering that the demographics of different parts of the globe have been changing as they gain individuals from different parts of the world. This is the case for New York City, which may be termed as the most vibrant metropolis in the entire globe. While there are varied elements of cultural or ethnic diversity in the city, the most prevalent one remains the food industry. New York City is dotted with more than 24000 restaurants, a large percentage of which offer dishes from different cultural backgrounds either as the main dishes or in combination with others. On the same note, there are more than 5000 mobile food vendors in the five boroughs of New York City, more than half of which provide dishes from different cultures. These are cemented by the “Eat the Street Tours” that allow for the sampling of foods from different backgrounds at less than a hundred dollars.
Works cited
Albala, Ken. Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood, 2011. Print
Berger, Peter L, and Samuel P. Huntington. Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.
Burke, Damian. Top International Restaurants in New York City. Ezine Articles, 2005 accessed 7th May 2013 from HYPERLINK “http://ezinearticles.com/?Top-International-Restaurants-in-New-York-City&id=751943” http://ezinearticles.com/?Top-International-Restaurants-in-New-York-City&id=751943
Jayaraman, Saru. “In the Wake of Sept. 11, NYC Restaurant Workers Explore New Strategies.” Asheville Global Report, No. 238, 2003. 7-13. Print
Serjeant, Jill and Brunnstrom, David. Jackson Heights Food Cart Tour Dares You To ‘Eat The Street’. The Huffington Post, 2012. Accessed 7th May 2013 from HYPERLINK “http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/12/eating-the-food-cart-stre_n_1589210.html” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/12/eating-the-food-cart-stre_n_1589210.html
Skinner, Curtis. The hospitality industry in New York City. New York: Pelliparius Consulting, 2004. Print
Psychotic experiences occur in the population at a rate that is far higher
Students Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
Psychotic experiences occur in the population at a rate that is far higher than that of psychotic disorders with a prevalence of 8 to 17 percent of children and adolescents and 5 percent for the adults in a general community sample. The psychotic experiences are clinically important in the fact that they provide a link to the striking relationship between the psychotic experiences and the suicidal behavior. According to cohort studies, the psychotic experiences pre-diet high risks for the suicidal thoughts as well as suicide attempts and later deaths. Despite the presence of research connecting the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidal behaviors, there has been no research or prior knowledge that assess the relationship between psychotic experiences and the suicidal behavior in individuals with borderline personality disorder.
The more confusing issue is whether the relationship between the psychotic experiences and the suicidal behavior in the persons suffering mental disorders is in fact explained by the comorbid borderline personality disorders or the borderline personality traits. It is a significant consideration provided that the borderline personality disorder is highly comorbid with other mental conditions and also tends to be associated with both the recurrent suicidal behavior and in some of the people, the psychotic symptoms that are commonly referred to as the quasi-psychotic phenomena. On the other hand, it might be the case that the relationship between the common mental disorders and the suicidal behavior is independent of the borderline personality disorder and indeed, that the psychotic experiences are risk marker for the suicidal behavior in the borderline personality disorder in the same way as they are in the rest of the population.
According to the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey that was a nationally representative of the study of the mental health in England, a strong relationship between the psychotic experiences and the suicidal behaviors was demonstrated in the study. A unique feature of the study was that, in addition to the assessment for the psychotic experiences, the participants were also assessed for both common mental disorders and borderline personality disorders. The same data was used to investigate the relationship between the psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior among the individuals with the borderline personality disorders as well as those with the common mental disorders and to investigative whether the borderline personality disorders and subclinical borderline personality traits might explain the strong relationship between the psychotic experiences and the suicidal behavior.
The study aimed to investigate in the general population sample the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidal attempts in; the total population, the individuals with a common mental disorder and the individuals with a borderline personality disorder or the subclinical borderline personality traits. The last objective of the study was to investigate the relationship in individuals with neither a common mental disorder nor borderline personality disorder. During the study, the 2007 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Study, stratified, multistage probability sample of households in England was used in the methodology of the study. The sample of the households recruited a nationally representative sample aged 16 years and above. The study participants were assessed for common mental disorders, borderline personality disorders both clinical and subclinical, suicidal behavior as well as for psychotic experiences under the DSM-IV criteria of psychiatric conditions. Data collected were analyzed using the STATA version 11.2 for windows. Logic regression was first used to examine the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicide attempts. Afterward, the stratified logistic regression was used to look at the odds of suicide attempts among the individuals with psychotic experiences among all four groups. At the later stages, the Chi-square tests for interaction was the used to confirm as to whether there were any associations between the psychotic experiences and suicide attempts differed according to whether the individuals possessed or did not have a higher level of the borderline personality disorder and had or did not possess a common mental disorder. The prevalence and regression analyses were weighted using the APMS study sampling weights to account for the individual level sampling factors of the study.
Approximately 4 percent of the total sample population that was made of 323 individuals were reported to have psychotic experiences. The psychotic experiences were associated with the increased odds of suicide attempts in an individual with the borderline psychotic disorder having an odds ratio of 2.23 with 95 percent confidence Interval that was estimated to be represented by (1.03-4.85). The individuals who possessed a common mental disorder had an odds ratio of 2.47 and a confidence interval of 95 percent at (1.37-4.43). Those without a common mental disorder had an odds ratio of 3.99 with a 95 percent confidence interval at (2.47-6.43). Those who possessed neither a common mental disorder nor a borderline personality disorder had an odds ratio of 3.20 at 95 percent confidence interval at (1.71-5.98).
Through the use of a large population sample, the study found that the psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts in the total sample, the individuals with higher borderline personality disorder traits. Also among the individuals with a common mental disorder, individuals without a common mental disorder and as well in individuals with neither a common mental disorder nor a high borderline personality trait. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between the psychotic experiences and the suicidal behaviors are not entirely clear, but a number of potentially significant factors have been identified to date. The individuals with the psychotic experiences, for instance, have been shown to possess more severe mental disorders, a higher degree of multi-morbid psychopathology, more cognitive and social dysfunction, neurobiological abnormalities, poor coping skills as well as poor response to the treatment than the individuals with psychopathology who don’t report psychotic experiences. Recent findings have also indicated that people with psychotic experiences tend to share multiple psychosocial risk factors that have been established for individuals with higher levels of suicidal behavior.
Accordant to the study, significant outcomes include; the individuals in the population with psychotic experiences have significantly increased odds of suicide attempts. Another outcome is that the risk is above and beyond the risk associated with the possession of a mental disorder or a borderline personality disorder. The outcome in respect to the study is that neither the borderline personality disorders nor the subclinical borderline personality traits accounted for the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior in the population. The strength of the study is that the sample size was considerably large and trained clinicians conducted the assessment of borderline personality disorders. There existed several limitations of the research that included; the number of individuals who met the full diagnostic criteria for the borderline personality disorders was low and this limited the number of study population affecting the results. The study incorporated a cross-sectional study, and therefore it is difficult to determine the temporal nature of the relationships. Summing up on the limitations is that further research is necessary to determine whether the psychotic experiences predict suicide attempts over time in individuals with borderline personality disorder. In conclusion, the psychotic experiences are associated with higher odds of suicidal behaviors among the individuals who possess or does not possess psychopathology. The relationship is not explained by the clinical or the subclinical borderline personality disorders.
References
Kelleher, I., Ramsay, H., & DeVylder, J. (2017). Psychotic experiences and suicide attempt risk in common mental disorders and borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 135(3), 212-218.