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Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of rash impulsivity on the use of ecstasy by itself
Regression Analyses Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of rash impulsivity on the use of ecstasy by itself (at Step 1), and within the context of reward sensitivity to ecstasy use. (At Step 2). At Step 1, rash impulsivity scores reliably predict change in use of ecstasy, accounting for approximately 22% of variance in the DV; F (1. 941) = 51.00, p < .001. The inclusion of other domains of satisfaction explained an additional 10% variance in the DV; ΔR2 = .025, F Change (2. 025) = 10.69, p <.01.
The Handmaid’s Tale; Female Prejudice
The Handmaid’s Tale; Female Prejudice
Student’s Name
Institution
The Handmaid’s Tale; Female Prejudice
Female prejudice is among the most prevalent theme in the film “The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. Throughout the book, Atwood has brought up the gender bias issue where the males dominate the society, women being considered inferior where their human rights are exploited. In the story, the author portrays women as handmaids who are used for sexual purposes and reproduction as a way of maintaining the population in Gilead republic. The movie tale is about how women were oppressed after the United States government being conquered by the theocracy revolution. The narrative is told through a middle-aged woman, Offred who underwent the oppression being separated from her family to be a commander’s handmaid. The author has effectively used the female prejudice theme to develop the plot of the story as well as deliver his message of adverse impacts of gender inequality in the society. In the tale, Atwood argues that women are just used as original and reproduction tools, their lives are not treasured and that they are seem not having the capability of enhancing social-economic and political development in the society. In this paper, the theme of female prejudice is elaborated to a profound extent with consideration of the author’s arguments and their justification in the modern society.
Initially in “The Handmaid’s Tale,” Atwood portrays women in this particular society as sex and reproduction tools. They are treated like slugs considering the sexism conditions they are exposed to in the community. The handmaids are used by the top men in the society whose wives have been rendered infertile due to the exposure of the harmful chemical in the environment. The front-runners use the excuse of maintaining the population of Gilead which has been diminished by the toxic substances that tampered with human reproduction process (Atwood, 2006). However, this was not the right way of dealing with such an everyday threat as there were many other effective ways of maintaining high population apart from assaulting and oppressing peasant women. They would have established ways such as supporting fertile women financially and morally as a way of motivating them to bear many children instead of making them handmaids limiting their freedom as well as assassinating those who were against the authority.
The author gives an excellent example of Offred’s case after she was taken away from her husband Luke and daughter to be a handmaid of the commander. There she was restricted in her room where she did not have the right to interact with others or have time with her beloved family. She remained a ‘walking womb’ who only had the responsibility of siring to reduce the threat of declining population in the society. It is evident in the movie that there was a ceremony held where the handmaids were assigned the responsibility of having sexual intercourse with the authorized uppermost men in the presence of their wives (Jonsson, 2018). The climax of the story comes during the Offred’s third and final round of having sexual intercourse with the commander after a failure of getting pregnant two other consecutive times. It is the last chance, pregnancy failure would have proven her infertile, and the essential repercussions of being treated as unwomanly would follow. It meant she would have been taken to the colonies were had to collect toxic wastes the rest of her life until she dies.
To increase the chances of conception Joy the commander’s wife made a plan where she illegally organized for a ceremony for Offred having sexual intercourse with Nick, her husband’s Chauffer. Offred did not have an option apart from accepting the sexuality role, and she ended up having a secret relationship with Nick who gives her hopes of escaping from the superior commander home to Canada where they believed she would have freedom. The Offred’s act of trying to run away and committing suicide portrays that she was not happy about the maltreatment and to some extent, she preferred death rather than living in oppression. Many handmaids who tried to escape has been slain and hanged on the high walls as a warning to rest with the same intention. The narrator states that a sharp object was kept away from the handmaids as they could probably use them to commit suicide as a way of escaping the painful experiences they underwent in the Gilead state. In the story women such as Offred, Offwaren and Ofglen among others have been assigned names related to their supervisors’ names and forced to drop their initial name showing how powerless they are in the community. Therefore, is bright enough that in the depicted society sexism is the order of the day where women are submissive to sexuality and do not have any a say in the community.
The other argument evident in the Atwood’s film is that female’s lives are not valued in the society. They are exposed to environmental, physical and psychological conditions which makes their lives vulnerable to health complications and death. The act of being sexually abused puts them at a significant risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, and at the same time, they do not have access to amenities such as hospitals and education. Psychologically, these women whose rights are exploited have the significant threat of experiencing mental disorders due to depression and stress. The act of killing and hanging those who tried to find a way out of the state portrays that the government did not value their existence and the best way was eliminating the lawbreakers (Dvorak, 2016). The protesters and those who showed signs of going against the government are taken to the colonies where they have to collect toxic wastes. The environment at these places was unconducive as the victims are given a survivability rate of approximately two years.
The author puts it clear that in the reflected Gilead society, the female power is not recognized as they are depicted as unindustrious when it comes to societal development. Throughout the story, in many instances, women as shown as men attendants and they have to live within the measures put upon by the males in the top authority. Even the few ladies who are wives to the leaders such as Joy have no rights as they cannot exercise democracy on their hands and they have to adhere to the rules of the male-dominated community. They are neither part of social-economic development nor political advancement in the Gilead State. They are made to leave their households only to go and work as handmaids and bear children for the front-runners. There are seem to have no any other value in the community apart from helping in reducing population decline.
It is true that the author’s argument in the tale is to a great extent justified today in the modern society. In an in-depth insight, these arguments illuminate that female prejudice leads to societal deprivation regarding social and moral values as well as in economic and political perspectives. Today, the female biases are not evident regarding making the handmaids and reproduction tools but through gender inequality and injustices. Many nations have fought hard to fight gender inequality, but there still exist some countries where male dominance persist up to date. The act of not giving women equal political, economic and political power can be referred to as injustice it is only that this occurs in an indirect perspective. It is in the same society where females are vulnerable to sexual abuse at the early stages either for financial gains from the financially capable individuals as well as finding job opportunities in various sectors (Atwood, 2017). This is a universal evil that prevails in the modern society, and in many instances, it leads to economy and social degradation in the nation. Female has the same potentiality in the community, and they can as well lead to sound development.
In the Atwood’s film “The Handmaid’s Tale,” female prejudice is a prevalent theme throughout the story which depicts the problematic and unconducive conditions the handmaids underwent in Gilead State. The act of oppressing women portrays social injustice which promotes gender inequality which is a threat to the community. It is right that the harmful toxic substances lead to a decline in population, but the act of killing women and harassing them meant more deterioration as at last there would women to enhance new generation development. Therefore, Female bias is a sidelining threat to the social development, and it must be eliminated in the society. It can be through enhancing democracy and educating people about the importance of granting people equal rights in a nation.
References
Atwood, M. (2006). The handmaid’s tale (Vol. 301). Everyman’s Library Classics &.
Atwood, M. (2017). Margaret Atwood on What ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’Means in the Age of Trump. The New York Times, 10.
Dvorak, M. (2016). Lire Margaret Atwood: the handmaid’s tale. Presses universitaires de Rennes.
Jonsson, A. (2018). Enforcing Patriarchal Values: A socialist feminist analysis of the characters of Offred and Serena Joy in Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale.
Hidden Victims Essay
Hidden Victims Essay
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Institutional affiliation
Introduction
The Hidden Victims is a book which frankly talks about the victims of death penalties. The writer of this book makes us reflect on the feelings and emotions of those who face their loved ones that get this penalty. The writer was quick to point out that the families of those who are sentenced to death face the largest sorrow. The writer wanted to bring the aspect that death penalty is not the only solution to ending crime. Death penalty has increasingly been used as a form of ending crime mostly in the US. Sharp wanted to clarify that there are other ways which could be used to stop the sorrow that the relatives of the criminals face. Death penalty is not the only solution to curbing crime. The media is one of the institutions that have made many people believe in death penalties. This is attributed to the fact that they stream every personal detail involving the criminal to the public, making the public believe that death penalty is the only solution.
The writer of the book gives the insight that death penalty is not the solution to terminating crime. The writer brings out the pain that those who are related to the criminal face after an incidence of death penalty. The writer clarifies that those left face the largest conflict as they have to fight their sorrow of losing their loved one. The writer aspires to make everyone believe that criminals are people who were raised like other people, and that they should not be subjected to death penalty as it is commonly done. The writer wanted to make sure that those left are saved from the anguish of sorrow. This is one very interesting book which should help ease our minds in the way we view criminals and the judgment they face.
As I perused the pages of this book, I became interested in knowing more about the judicial system of the US. Many of the biggest criminals face death penalties. This idea shows that Americans are obsessed with murder. This is what professor Sharp states in this book. I came along various cases of those who explain what and how it is after a death penalty is granted to their loved one. One example of the case I encountered is the case of Jeffrey Dahmer. His crimes and what he had confessed was enough proof that he was a criminal. The media coverage made this case reach a point that everything that Jeffrey did was a public concern. The media portrayed all that he had committed and this made the public make a fuss about it. This shows that the media did not care about what those related to the criminal felt and that it wanted the public to push for a death penalty as the answer to the problem.
Governor George Ryan is one of the people in this book who constantly object to capital punishment. George is among those who views capital punishment as not lawful or right. Hugh Adam Bedau is another person who strictly refutes capital punishment. Hugh observes that capital punishment has led to unfairness and that many of those who face these are not whites. This clearly states that Hugh identified discrimination cropped up as a reason for capital punishment discrimination. These two people clearly show that they had a vision that capital punishment was not the solution to treating crime. These people saw that it was not fair to treat people by use of capital punishment as it resulted in nothing, but sorrows to those left.
As identified, these people acted on their own behalf and had constantly studied those who faced these punishments. They clearly show that they wanted to show the others that capital punishment did nothing, but just increased sorrows. George clearly states that capital punishment is not the solution to ending crime. He states that this is based on the law which people make and it is also not fair. These two people had one common vision – they wanted to see discrimination, and unfairness end, and that justice would be fair. The two also wanted the public to disregard the fact that capital punishment was the solution to ending crime. They wanted to show the world that capital punishment only brought about discrimination, and unfairness.
As you peruse through the pages of this book, you come to identify that some of the death penalties were imposed on innocent people. The writer wanted to know what really would be done to the families of those whose loved one was given a death penalty and was later identified to be innocent. Some of these murders as explained by professor Sharp were conducted unfairly, particularly to those who were not whites. The writer emphasizes that proper investigation should be undertaken and that death penalties should be abolished. As indicated, the system does not even care about those who are wrongfully convicted. This, she explains, should be rectified as many innocent people are killed every year. She also suggests that the American people should be clarified that death penalty will not terminate crime.
This clearly shows that innocent people will still receive death penalties even when they have committed no crime. This indicates that whether one is innocent, there is still a chance that they can face justice for crimes they have not done. This indicates how insecure people are from justice. Perfection of the judicial system should be enhanced to ensure that innocent people are not murdered in the search for justice. This indicates that the system that should protect us is the same system that convicts us. The system should be eliminated from discrimination and unfairness to ensure that innocent people do not suffer for mistakes they have not committed.
Families of those convicted to death penalty face a lot of emotions and feelings. This has made them suffer the consequences of those who are related to them. This sorrow that they face is very stressing and they have to live with it until they die. Children are affected most as they have to grow up with the feeling that they are related to a criminal. The families of those convicted have to bear the thought of misery among the others as a result of the criminal. Based on the fact that some of the people convicted are innocent, it is better for the people to effectively identify the innocence of the criminal. The family tries as much as they can to stay away from the person convicted to ensure that they do not face a lot of sorrows and humiliation from the people. This is illustrated in the book by two ladies whose father was convicted to death penalty. The two lived private lives and no one knew what they did. This states that the best idea is for the family to retreat and stay away from the people and also from the criminal. This saves them the frustration and sorrows they have to meet daily.
Families of the victims who face death penalties should be allowed to participate in the jury. This is also the case with those who oppose the death penalties. These people represent the fact that they understand what the families and relatives of those convicted go through. Their opposition in the jury indicates that the jury is biased. They should be allowed to share their views as they represent the families and the people who oppose death penalties. This indicates that the jury does what the people expect and does not care about those who are related to the victim. This shows that the jury has never understood the implications of death penalties to those who are related to the victim. The jury should understand that there are better ways which can be used to curb crime and that death penalties are never a realistic way to do so and should be abolished. The people who oppose death penalties should be allowed to speak for the victim and also their families. The jury should understand that the family and relatives of the victim face the greatest challenge in coping up with sorrows after death penalties.
Based on the findings that professor Sharp illustrated, I find it convenient for the government to understand that death penalties should be abolished. The media should be regulated in the information that it displays to the public. This implies that the media should not concentrate much on the personal life of any criminal convicted of any crime. The media should give a brief representation of the victim to avoid chaos among the people. The media should also ensure that it educates the public on the dangers of death penalties to the nation and also to the families of the victims. Each criminal should also be credited in terms of innocence to ensure that persecution of innocent people is stopped. The jury should ensure that it abolishes discrimination and unfairness to enhance that it serves justice in the fair way.
Conclusion
Each person should ensure that they read this book. This will help educate the people on the implications of death penalties. Capital punishments should be eluded from the constitution as there are means of ending and controlling crime without the use of death penalties. Each person should understand the implications that those related to the victim face. The media should be used to end the illusion that death penalty is the only way to end crime. The media should also be advised to reduce the coverage of criminal life and their persecution.
References
Sharp, S. F. (2005). Hidden victims: The effects of the death penalty on families of the accused. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press.