Recent orders
Similarities and differences of current women and those of the past
Women’s studies journal
Name
Institution
Similarities and differences of current women and those of the past
Based on the differences in terms of roles and position of women in the past and in our current world, women were seen just as a tool and regarded to be less important in the society as compared to today’s society whereby women are seen as instruments of change. As compared to the past, where women were not suppose to hold vital positions in the society like chairmanship, nowadays this is an issue of the past because women of today’s roles and positions are envisaged in the constitution (Unger, 2004). Thus, their assignment into different positions is not by debate but rather an order from a rule of law. The old slogan that ‘woman was to stay at home’ was very rampant and true in the past. This made the women to be seen as housewives hence making them less crucial in improving the growth of the society. On the other side currently in the world, women are incorporated in the economical growth of the nation since they have been transformed in management of the office. Traditionally, in the past, women were not be involved in wars but looking at today’s women have led people into war and have been recruited in the military.
In the past, women never had opportunities in the society to participate in certain crucial jobs. Even currently, women still do not have equal rights as men since they still have very minor opportunities to clinch some of the offices.
Another similarity which is crucial is that, in the present world, women from the rural areas are denied their rights. For example, majority of the women are not allowed to work and get money because it is believed that they could overpower their male counter parts. Similarly, in the past, women were not to carry money or vital documents such as identity cards because they were regarded to be careless and inferior to hold important documents.
Women and girls self esteem issues related to societal pressure
According to the site of dove.com (2013), experiment was conducted among some women based on their self -esteem. The women were asked to describe the way they were looking after ordering them to disorganize their physical appearance such as removing their hairs and most features which are prominent. Thereafter, the women descriptions on each other were sketched down. Later on, they were ordered to describe each other’s facial look. Based on their description, it was found that women were there worst beauty critics. As far as Dove was concerned, approximately 4% of women in the world considered themselves beautiful. To react on this discussion; the society expects women to be extremely smart in order to compete with other women in the society.
Girlsinc.com (2013) website explore that responsibilities and need for girl child to be inspired strongly and smartly in all life situations and participate in making changes in the world programs. As a matter of fact, this makes them to be equipped academically particularly in science and technology. This particular website help girls to manage their financial obligations, handle themselves during their stage of adolescents as well as serve in no- profit organizations hence improving their self esteem status. To react on the above statement, the society does not provide proper education and counseling to girl child especially pertaining issues of adolescents. Since girls and women are vulnerable creatures in the society, they society have tried in empower them academically and economically so as to enable them not to fall a pray in the sexual abuse therefore minimizing pressure from the society.
References
Dove.com. (2013). Dove. Retrieved from http://www.dove.com/CountrySelector/Girlsinc.org. (2013). Girls Inc. Retrieved from http://www.girlsinc.org/.
Unger, R. K. (2004). Handbook of the psychology of women and gender. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
William James argues in his book that our nature to be passionate helps us decide between options
William James’ Philosophy
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
William James argues in his book that our nature to be passionate helps us decide between options, in cases where these options are genuine but challenging to be decided upon on intellectual grounds; he, however, agrees that this deciding between proposition is not lawful, or conventional. This paper will analyze this statement and find out what it means, especially in relation to the arguments of Pascal Wage and William Clifford.
James argues that when individuals look at some facts, it seems as if their volitional and passional nature lay at the root or forms the basis of their convictions. When it comes to other facts, however, it seems as if nothing could be done to them further when intellect has decided on them. By the prior statement James seems to be indicating that our feelings or emotions rule and drive some of the decisions that we make, and especially those decisions that are difficult to decide on using our intellect. It seems like he is pointing out that passional reasoning is only possible when intellectual reasoning has been defeated and is impossible.
With this, I believe that the arguments of Pascal Wager about religion are such options that can be decided upon using our passional nature. One of his many passages that have widely become celebrated is the passage about Christianity, religion and God. In his passage he tries to argue that we must accept Christianity, as well as, the presence and existence of God. Pascal argues that we must either believe or not believe the existence of God. Meaning that our understanding should be either that God exists or He does not. But how can we know for a fact that God is or if He exists with our human reasoning? We cannot be able to do so. This is definitely one of the options that James was talking about of how we can use our passional nature to decide on whether to believe that God exists or not. Some believe that God exists because of their faith or passional nature and not because it has been proved by science that God exists. Because we cannot verify through our intelligence such matters, we leave them to our passional nature to make decisions for us on what we will believe in.
This evaluation of Pascal’s arguments conflicts with the evaluations made by Clifford of the same passage. Though the two bases their arguments on the fact that people decide on matters of Christianity through their emotions, Clifford’s arguments seem to be based on some anti- Christian thoughts or arguments. It seems that to him, Christianity is a hypothesis that is dead to him from the start. He argue against the passage of Pascal based on the fact that he does not agree with Christianity unlike James whose arguments are based on the argument that Pascal cannot force his believes on us; his arguments are on the basis of objectivity.
William James really believes in making decisions or choosing between options based on passional nature, as according to him, this is the only way through which men can be reflective. Though he thinks intellect and objectivity are essential factors in formulating our arguments, he does not believe in them because they are rear to find.
Wide Area Network
Wide Area Network
Student’s Name
Affiliation
Course
Date
Introduction
Growing businesses nowadays to set multiple offices in different regions of the globe to attract different regions customers and also to sustain the large customer baser they have established. This arrangement however can only be established through installation of a network to facilitate the communication of these offices and to enable the sharing of information easily, instantly and effectively (Held, 2003). To connect the four distant offices at once so that all offices can be able to access the same network resources, a centralized location that will host the core infrastructure needed to establish the network has to be identified. The methods below have to be used to set up the offices it network smart safe and effectively.
Wide Area Network
Wide area network (WAN) is a technology that enables computer network cover multiple different areas using the leased lines ranging from Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Optical Carrier-3(OC3).This technology enables the offices to extend their private network beyond their geographical boundaries. A Virtual Private network (VPN) shall be made to enhance the necessities of remote employees and distant offices.
. A VPN extends a private network across the public network like internet and enables a computer to send and receive information securely. A VPN is established by creating a virtual point to point connection through the use of dedicated connections and traffic encryption.WAN works in two ways thus there is the wired network connection or virtual (Held, 2003).
In a wired WAN connection, run cables must be run between the offices in the different locations to a central place. The cables are then connected to a LAN. The other WAN is operated virtually. This is an option that involves establishment of a VPN. VPN relays data only when the computer needs it. VPN use technologies such as Frame Relay, ATM, and X.25 for their connectivity. ATM technology is a connectivity strategy used in WAN that uses point to point connection and thus facilitating direct flow of data in that network. Frame Relay technology on the other hand is a protocol that is used to transfer data over fiber optic lines. Another technology used is the X.25 which is a standard suite protocol that is used for packet data switching purposes. This technology works on physical, data links and network layers that are usually ISO modeled
THE BELOW DIAGRAM DEMONSTRATES HOW THE CONNECTION WILL APPEAR
Point-to-Point Links
A point-to-point link offers a solitary, pre-established WAN communications track from the regional office premises via a carrier network, such as a telecommunication companies, to a remote network.
. A leased line which is also known as a point to point link since it has an established path that is fixed for every remote network attained through the carrier facilities (Marcus, 1999).
Circuit Switching
Circuit switching is a switching method in WAN whereby it has a dedicated physical circuit that is sustained, established and terminated throughout a carrier network for every session of connection. The switching Circuit conducts two types of transmissions thus data-stream transmissions and datagram transmissions. It is comprehensively in telecommunications company networks, circuit switching operates much like a normal telephone call. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is an example of a circuit-switched WAN technology (Ratliff, 2003).
Packet Switching
Packet switching is a WAN switching method that enables network devices share a single point-to-point link to transfer packets from head office to the regional offices across a carrier network. Statistical multiplexing must be employed to enhance devices to distribute these circuits. A Relay frame, synchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), X.25 and Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) are packet-switched WAN skills examples.
WAN Virtual Circuits
A virtual circuit is a logical circuit made to guarantee dependable contact linking two network devices. There exist two types of virtual circuits they include: permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) and switched virtual circuits (SVCs.) SVCs are virtual circuits that are vigorously recognized on demand and terminated when transmission is complete. SVCs are used in situations in which data transmission between devices is sporadic, largely because SVCs increase bandwidth used due to the circuit establishment and termination phases, but decrease the cost associated with constant virtual circuit availability. PVC is a permanently established virtual circuit which has one approach: data transfer. Data transfer. PVCs are used in conditions in which data transmission between devices is nonstop. PVCs decreases the bandwidth use associated with the creation and cessation of virtual circuits, but it is costly because of the constant virtual circuit availability
High-Speed Serial Interface
Another alternative to address the need of high speed data communication over WAN is The High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)The flexibility of the HSSI clock and data-signaling protocol enables bandwidth allocation to the remote offices possible. It controls the clock by altering its speed or by erasing timer pulses. This allows the DCE to allot bandwidth between applications. HSSI carries out a peer-to-peer intelligence in the DCE and DTE. The regulator protocol is made simple, with only two control signals required (“DTE available” and “DCE available”). Before the data circuit is validated all the signals must be affirmed. The DCE and DTE should be capable to manage the networks after their interfaces.
Conclusion
The rapid changing world of technology has simplified and overcome the challenge of having to physically move staffs from one region to the other. Instead of only targeting the local or regional markets, many organizations have been forced to seek global markets and overcome the logistics involved by using the WAN (Deal, 2006). In order to fully set up a working, secure and efficient WAN for the organization; VPN will have to be set up. This will be the used to access company data both from the head quarter and the remote offices. Public network will then be used to link the remote offices to the head quarter of the organization. Most organizations have less internal management ability and instead often rely on service providers for WAN-performance capabilities. This is a major breakthrough to these organizations since it has made it possible to run the affairs of the organization from anywhere in the world while the integrity of the information relayed is also maintained at the same time.
Reference
Deal, R. A., & Systems, I. (2006). The complete Cisco VPN configuration guide. Indianapolis,
Ind.: Cisco Press.
Held, G. (2003). Ethernet networks design, implementation, operation, management (4th
ed.p.204). London: Wiley.
Marcus, J. S. (1999). Designing wide area networks and internetworks: a practical guide.
Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Ratliff, R. L. (2003). i-Net+ certification lab guide (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson
Education.