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Web Based Student Registration System Requirements
Web Based Student Registration System Requirements
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Introduction
The project that is being carried out involves designing of a student registration system that is web based. The system should be able to allow the university students to register for their courses online and to choose classes that they are going to attend. The system should also allow the student to see the class timetables and schedules as well as printing an slip showing that that they have registered for their courses. Therefore to ensure that the architecture of the software that will be used is gotten right, there is need to choose the right specification technique to be used to describe the requirements (Bass, Clements & Kazman, 2003). The technique that is to be employed or chosen must be able to provide all the necessary information that will aid in developing the software needed .Factors such as quality attributes, security, reliability as well as modifiability are taken into consideration when settling on the requirement specification technique to use.
Requirement Specification Technique for the Web Based Student Registration System
For the web based student registration system, the specification technique that is used to identify and state the requirements for the software required is the Use Case Analysis Technique with the aid of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to represent the information required. This chosen technique involves the use of blocks that clearly shows the interactions between the various actors and the system (Armour & Miller 2000). It clearly defines the interaction between the system and those people that use it. The actors in this web based student registration system are the students and the registrar’s office. Therefore, this technique will clearly show how the system, the students and the office of the registrar interact during the functioning of the system.
This help in determining the functional requirements of the software required clearly. Since functionality had been identified as the major determining factor, the Use Case Analysis Method is therefore the best technique to use. However, because other factors such as the choice of technology and hardware to be used must also be taken into consideration, supplemental documentation is also needed in order to give the required additional information on the requirements of the software to be incorporated into the web based student registration system. This technique was settled on as it will clearly give the architectural significant requirements of the software needed by clearly showing the functioning of the system and relationship between the various actors and scenarios (Gooma, 2005). Furthermore, the Case Use Analysis technique allows for carrying out functional testing and generation of various test cases which will facilitate enable the creation of fully functional software that will help achieve the mission and objectives of this web based registration system project (Gooma, 2005).
Requirements for Registering Students
From use case analysis technique the registration process has two actors; the students and the office of the registrar. The Unified Modeling Language is used to depict the actors, cases and scenario of the registration process below.
Student System Registrar
560070377190004945380377190004824095121285001893570121285View Registration Status
00View Registration Status
1893570356235Course Status Viewing
00Course Status Viewing
476821526162000497332026162000494665214630005600701016000344424074930004824095749300017716521463000354330-12128500298450-28003500
3638552076450017716516256000189357029845Register for Course
00Register for Course
1893570316865Retrieve student Data
00Retrieve student Data
From the UML documentation, it is seen that in the process of registering the student, the student will access the system to check or see his or her registration status as well as the course status. The student will then proceed with the registration process where necessary. The office of the registrar will then access the system to retrieve the information on the student. When the student accesses the system, it should be able to allow the student see whether he or she has registered or not. The student then views the list of courses that are available and whether he or she is eligible to register for the courses with the class schedules also being displayed. The student then completes his or her registration process.
To further capture the requirements needed in the student registration process, the Use Case Analysis was used and the diagram below was developed to show the actions that take place during the registration process.
From the diagram showing the actions that take place during the registration process, the requirements for the registering a student can be grouped into three. The student identifier is the first requirement. Before the student can register for a course, the system should be able to provide a user access point through personal accounts that will be used for subsequent registrations. It should provide the user with a registration page and a login page. The students using the system should be able to answer the necessary question that will be used for identification during subsequent registrations .Therefore the software should be able to allow students to login using their email addresses and a personal identification number(PIN).This will enable the system to identify the students before they register for a course.
Actions during Registration Process
29845020320000Student System
2715260130810Authentication
00Authentication
-8890130810Login
00Login
3209925914400011118851460500
2715260313055Retrieve Eligibility to Register
00Retrieve Eligibility to Register
-8890313055Select Courses
00Select Courses
47561529273500114744517907000
1213485755015001679575281749500320992522999700012433302061210004756151635125001243330144589500320992594424500-19052530475Display Registration Confirmation
00Display Registration Confirmation
24663402614295Retrieve Registration Confirmation
00Retrieve Registration Confirmation
25273001856105Update Student Database
00Update Student Database
-800101849120Confirm Selection
020000Confirm Selection
-80010558165Select Unit
00Select Unit
-88901205865Select Unit
020000Select Unit
25273001252220List Courses and Units
00List Courses and Units
2527300449580Retrieve Course and Units
00Retrieve Course and Units
The second requirement for the registration of the student is the course codes and units. The software to be used should be able to analyze the eligibility of a student to register, display available courses and units, the class time tables and schedules. The system should only be able to allow students register for those courses that they are eligible to register for.
The third category of the requirements that the software developed should have is the action codes. The system should have action code such as add course, delete course and confirm course.
Components of the Software Requirements Specification
In order to register for a course, the student will first of all need to create a personal account that he or she uses to login. The software will provide the account creation page as well as the login page. When the student inputs his login information into the system, the software verifies the credentials of the student from the information stored in the database. The software should provide the students with all the necessary information in their registration accounts. Some of the information that the software should have in the student’s profile include the name of the student, the registration number, department, year of study, email address/ fax, phone number and personal Identification Number (PIN).
After verification and login in the next stage is the selection of courses. The software should use the credentials of the students and the information on the student in the database to verify the eligibility to register for a course and unit. The software that is to be used should provide the student with some sort of assistance during the registration process to ensure the registration is done correctly. It should return an error when a student tries to register for a course that he or she is not eligible for or when the course is full. In addition, the software should be able to alert the student if the student tries to register for a course that he or she has already completed or that do not exist. It should furthermore alert the student when the student chooses and registers for classes that are conflicting. This will enable the student to alter his or her choice and pick classes that do not conflict on the schedule. This function will ensure that students register for classes that they will be able to attend
Finally, in order to ensure smooth registration, the software should provide action codes for adding courses, removing courses or changing courses. It should also provide a means for resolving registration error. For example when a student registers for a course at first time and wishes to change it before login out, the software should allow the student to edit his or her choices before submitting the registration.
Verification and Validation Plan
In order to ensure that the software is able to carry the functional requirements that it is intended to do, verification and validation will be done at every stage of the software development. The use of the User Case Analysis to determine the specification requirements of the software was intentionally used in order to help also in the functionality testing and in generating the test cases (Burdman, 1999). After developing the software, object oriented rapid prototyping technique will be employed to help test the functionality of the registration system software. The functioning of the prototype will be checked against the stated functional requirements of the intended software. This will be done so that the right software with proper functionality is developed. In cases where the tests are done and the intended functions are not performed, modification will be necessary before moving to the next stage of development. This will ensure that the functions specifications are fully met.
Reference
Armour, F. & Miller, G. (2000). Advanced Use Case Modeling: Software Systems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley
Bass, L., Clements, P., & Kazman, R. (2003) Software Architecture in Practice, Second Edition. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley
Burdman, J. (1999). Collaborative Web Development: Strategies and Best Practices for Web Teams. New York: Addison-Wesley
Clements, P., Kazman, R., & Klein, M. (2002). Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Gooma, H. (2005). Designing Software Product Lines with UML: From Use Cases to Pattern-Based Software Architectures. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
There many artworks and literatures that have been developed as a response to World War I.
We have looked at art movements and works of literature that respond to and reflect on World War I. Discuss at least two examples of artworks or works of literature that show the variety of responses to the war.
There many artworks and literatures that have been developed as a response to World War I. After World War I. One of the major artworks that was created as a response to World War I is “Trench” by Otto Dix. The artwork was made from 1920 to 1923, and was one of the anti-war works that was inspired by Otto’s experiences in World War I. In the early 1920s, Otto Dix felt sickened by the collective desire of so many civilians to forget the war and in response wanted to create a painting of gut-wrenching impact, that would serve to remind the civilians of the impact of the war. Otto painted an artwork that was a frank depiction of death and dismemberment in the trenches, and this resulted to a public outcry when the artwork was bought in1923 by a Cologne Museum.
The second piece of artwork that was created as a response to World War I was, “The Parents,” by Kathe Kollwitz. The artwork was created between 1921 and 1922; it is a woodcut depicting two grieving parents. Kollwitz was also saddened by the fact that people would easily forget the aftermath of the War, and thus, decided to make something that could remind people of the impacts of the war including loss of loved one. Kollwitz, lost her son Peter, who died while serving in Flanders in October 1914. Despite losing her son, she did not a portrait of him, but displayed the grief she and her husband felt in his absence. So many parents lost their sons in War, and this piece of art served to remind them of the scars left by World War I.
Explain the Social Realist art movement of the 1930s through a discussion of at least two specific works of art.
The Social Realist art movement was associated with the era of the Great Depression in the United States and which depicted the everyday realities of life. This type of art was critical of the social, economic and racial conditions in the United States and which made life challenging for the working classes and the poor. There are various artworks that depicts the Great Depression in the 1930s. One of the Social Realist Movement artworks include “The Migrant Mother,” by photographer Dorothea Lange. The image was taken in 1936, to symbolize hunger, poverty and hopelessness that was endured by the American citizens during the Great Depression. Based on this, the purpose of the artwork was to raise awareness of and provide aid to impoverished farmers. During the Great Depression, poverty rates were so high such that people became hopeless, and thus, the artwork depicts the misery exhibited by the citizens.
Another artwork that can be used to depict the Social Realist Movement in the 1930s is “The Subway,” by Jose Clemente Orozco which was created in 1928. The artwork presents several commuters on the New York’s emblematic public transportation system, and which was first established in 1904. The passengers of the train can be described as shadowy, stone-faced, imparting a sense of melancholy to the scene, which is a high contrast compared to the shiny poles of the train. The artwork depicts the time during the Great Depression as the people were having a hard time coping with the hard economic situation, unable to afford better clothing and to an extent of going hungry, and these can be attributed as being some of the reasons the passengers are frowned.
After World War II, New York became the focus of the modern art world. Explain the concepts behind Abstract Expressionism, and discuss the variety of ways that artists applied paint to create different effects. Illustrate your points with discussions of at least three specific artworks.
Abstract Expressionism is an artistic movement that comprises diverse styles and techniques and emphasizes the artist’s liberty to convey attitudes and emotions through non-traditional and usually non-representational means. There are different techniques that are used in making abstract expressionism art. Some artists poured and dipped paint, moving around the canvas in the act of painting. Besides, other artists applied broad, heavy, brush strokes with thick brushes. There are many artworks that are representative of the abstract expressionism.
One of the examples of abstract expression artworks include the “Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)” that was created by Jackson Pollock in the 1950. The artwork shows the expression of freedom as the artist used his famous drip method in which he poured, splattered and applied paint in an extremely physical fashion from above the to a canvas that has been laid to the ground. The artwork serves to express internal emotional turbulence of Pollock’s entire career through line, gesture, texture and composition.
Another piece of artwork that depicts the characteristics of abstract expressionism include “Excavation” by Willem de Kooning and which was created in the 1950. The artwork depicts a multitude of outlined forms that are abstractions of familiar shapes right of the periphery of recognition including eyes, birds, teeth, jaws and fishes. The artist painted the house in that manner because he could put more and more things in anger, pain, drama, horses and even love. Through the panting, the artist depicts freedom of expression, which he mostly depicts emotions as well as other things that he perceives to be of significance in his life.
Finally, Mark Rothko’s “No. 6 (Violet, Green, Red) is work of art that was created in 195. The piece depicts color field painting and which provides the artist with freedom to move their brushstrokes and paint texture. This method of painting provides artists with a powerful communication tool to pass their message to the audience. Rothko’s blocks of color were meant to strike up a relationship with the audience’s deep consciousness, providing a contemplative, mediative space in which to visually investigate their moods and affiliations with the artwork.
How have you responded to the art we have looked at in this unit? Were there pieces you were drawn to, or that challenged the way you see art? Explain.
Works of art play a crucial role in educating and creating awareness. From the artworks that we have covered from this class, I feel that there are pieces that I was more drawn to and this include the Social Realist art movement art that were developed around the 1930s during the great depression. This pieces not only reminds me of how the economy of the United States performed, but also presents the suffering and the conditions of living, especially among the poor. Many people died during the Great Depression since they could not afford food and other basic necessities, and this compelled the government to initiate aid programs to give hope to people who were largely affected.
Ways in Which the Internet has changed Political Interactions Globally
Ways in Which the Internet has changed Political Interactions Globally
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(Institutional Affiliation)
Obviously, many young people today will never quite comprehend the life changing experience the Internet has brought about to the society, unlike their parents, because they actually do not know any other kind of life without the Internet. However, it is notable of the impacts the internet has had on the society today, an impact so much more than any other tool of communication in the history of mass media. This essay, therefore, will show how this form of communication has affected political interactions throughout the world.
The Internet has significantly changed and reshaped the way individuals interact with each other, with more people connecting with each other through services offered by high- speed Internet. Today, users of the Internet can make use of instant messages to communicate with each other, a customer base, rent and sale homes, and so forth in online worlds. In addition to these uses, the Internet has also acquired a new role in politics, just like the television, the Internet has an increasingly influential effect on the political system, as well as, politic of a country. For instance, when Americans and other individuals from more developed nations like Europe want to access some information about an upcoming political event, like an election, they usually make use of the Internet to help them make decisions about voting. Several studies provide sufficient evidence to support the argument that twice as many US citizens made use of the Internet as their key source of information and news about the 2006 elections in comparison to the most recent political event in 2002 (Horrigan & Raine, 2007).
The invention of the Internet, therefore, has had an exceedingly essential impact on how politics and political campaigns are designed and structured. All the parties involved in a political struggled currently exploit all of the opportunities the Internet provides for them to interact with the voters. They take advantage of email, blogs, communicate with potential sponsors through email, and communicate with voters through Facebook, Twitter and other social services provided by the Internet and raise money using text messages. The candidates are opting for the Internet as a convenient way of communication because it is a cheaper and faster way for political candidates and parties to view what the voters find significant.
Equipped with the information derived the Internet, the political candidates can then plan a political platform and communicate the same to the voters. The Internet with all these impacts is prompting significant changes in the way politics are carried out by supporting the rewriting of rules governing advertising, mobilizing of supporters, fundraising and spreading of both positive and negative information. The political candidates, therefore, are increasing their utilization of interactive Web sites, email, party and candidate blogs and text messages to organize efforts for gathering votes, raise money and assemble people for rallies.
The Internet seems to be far more effective and efficient, and even cheaper, when compared to the other traditional tools of conducting politics. Political candidates and parties are using social sites like MySpace and Friendster to reach voters. On such sites, political allies and parties find common issues and linkage. As politicians need to get their stand and to the voters and to get potentials voters their polls, they are doing all they can, including studying possible online tools to increase their following, to emerge winners.
The Internet has significantly changed the way people conduct politics throughout the world, with the invention of social, interactive tools like Web sites and other forms of social sites like Twitter, Facebook and blogs.
Reference
Raine, L. & Horrigan, J. (2007). Election 2006 online. Washington, DC: PEW Internet and American life project.