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The god to be the topic of discussion in this report is Athena
The god to be the topic of discussion in this report is Athena. Athena was an important member of the Olympic pantheon. She was born fully armed from the forehead of Zeus, the chief god. Athena was Zeus’s favorite child. He entrusted her with the Aegis, his breastplate, and with his thunderbolt.
Athena’s role as a goddess varied. She was a major warrior and most images depict her dressed in armor and holding a spear. In Homer’s Iliad, she is described as a fierce battle goddess who continually intervened on the side of the Greeks. She also took an interest in handicrafts and agriculture. The olive tree, which she said to have created, is sacred to her. She was noted for her wisdom which explains her close association with the owl, an ancient symbol of wisdom and reason.
The most famous temple to Athena was the Parthenon (5th century BC) which was named for Parthenos (“the Maiden”), which still stands atop the Acropolis in Athens. The interior of the Parthenon stands a statue of Athena Parthenos, sculpted by Phidais.
When I was reading through myths, I decided I would talk about “The Gift of Athena” which, in my opinion, best illustrates Athena’s colorful personality. Here is how “The Gift of Athena” goes:
Long, long ago, when this old world was a very young place, and when the
few people there were had just begun to live together in groups for their own
protection, the great gods selected the places for humans to build the cities.
They looked down upon the earth, through the clouds that shrouded their home on the very peak of the high mountain called Olympus, and they chose the sites they thought would provide everything mortals needed to live and prosper. Now, each god and goddess was eager to have a great city built in his or her honor, and so the prime locations-the very best places for the great cities to be built came to cause much bickering and jealousy among the many deities for all wanted a great city built in their honor, a city whose people would worship that particular god or goddess above all others. It happened that great Zeus, the king and ruler of all the gods, had found a spot on earth that appeared absolutely ideal for the building of a noble city; indeed, he foresaw that the city that would be built there would someday become the noblest city on earth. Well, you can imagine that all the gods and goddesses wanted this city for their own, and you would be right. But the two who wanted it most of all were Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and Poseidon, the god of the seas and rivers. Now, Athena was one of Zeus’s daughters, and you might expect that her father would honor her request, but Poseidon was Zeus’s brother, and Zeus did not want to disappoint him, either. Poseidon appealed to Zeus, saying that this location would provide the city with the greatest natural harbor in all of the world and destine it to be a great seaport. Therefore, as god of the sea, it was only right that he, Poseidon, should be its chief god. But Athena argued just as earnestly that the greatness of this city would not lie in its commerce, but rather in the respect its people would someday have for art and learning. As goddess of wisdom, therefore, she should be its guardian.
Zeus, at last, decided upon a way to end this quarrel and to choose,
fairly, between the two. He called for a great council to be held at the very site of the new city, and there, with all of the gods and goddesses arrayed before him, Zeus spoke from his golden throne in a clear, commanding voice. “Listen,” he said, “to the will of Zeus, who judges now between Poseidon and Athena. The city that is
desired by each shall bear the name of that god who shall bring forth from the
earth the better gift for the mortals who will dwell here. If Poseidon’s gift be judged more useful, this city shall be called Poseidonia, but if Athena’s gift be deemed the better, the city shall forever after be known as Athens.”
Upon hearing this, Poseidon arose in all his majesty, and he struck his
trident (that is, the long, three-pronged spear that he always carried)-he struck this trident hard into the ground right where he stood. The earth shook violently all around until, at last, a great crack opened up in the surface. Out of this steaming chasm leaped a magnificent horse, his powerful white body fully arrayed in battle gear, a war-horse like none had ever seen before. “Behold my gift,” said Poseidon, “and call the city after my name, for who can give these mortals a better present that the horse, which will ensure their protection from all their enemies.” But Athena looked steadfastly with her keen gray eyes at the assembled gods, and she stooped slowly down to touch the earth where she stood. She said nothing but continued to gaze calmly on that great council. Presently they all witnessed a small shoot growing from the ground where Athena had touched her hand. It grew swiftly and in minutes had sprouted thick and luscious boughs and leaves; higher and higher it rose until green fruit appeared on its clustering branches. “My gift is better, O Zeus, than that of Poseidon,” she said. “The horse he has given shall bring war and strife and anguish to these morals and their children, but my gift-the olive tree-is the sign of peace and plenty, of health and strength, and the pledge of happiness and freedom. Is it not more fitting, then, that the city to be founded here should be called after my name?”
Then the voices of the gods rose in the air as one: “The gift of Athena is better by far, for it is the token that this city shall be greater in peace than in war, and nobler in its freedom than it its power. Let the city be called Athens forevermore.”
Hearing their appeal, Zeus then bowed his head as a sign of his judgment that the city should be named for Athena. The earth trembled as he rose from his golden throne to return to the halls of Olympus. Athena stood gazing over the land that her victory had given her, and she decided that it was here that she would make her home. “Here,” she said, “my children will grow up in happiness, and they will come to understand that freedom is the greatest gift a people can receive. And when the torch of freedom has gone out in Athens, it will be passed on to other peoples in other lands throughout the world.”
This myth shows how Athena longed for peace and wisdom rather than war.
Also, Poseidon held a trident. Trident is actually a combination of a Latin prefix tri-, meaning “three” and the Latin root or stem dent-, meaning “tooth”. So, the trident is like a spear with three teeth! Words like tricycle, triangle, etc. also originated from this tri- prefix. Words like dentist and denture originated from this dent- stem. So, these are good examples of how today’s words originated from the Greek and Roman times!
Proponents and Opponents of Slavery
Name
Course
Institution
Date
Proponents and Opponents of Slavery
In 19th-century American society, the subject of slavery was divisive. Rapid industrial and economic growth in the United States need additional work, which those who were still under slavery could provide for little or no compensation. The use of slaves, however, gave rise to two factions with diametrically opposed views of them. First, the pro-slavery party desired to maintain the distinction between “slaves” and “enslavers,” which was supported by Fitzhugh’s Cannibals All! Or Slaves without Masters and the US constitution. Second, as indicated in the Congressional Confiscation Acts and the Emancipation Act papers, the antislavery organization aimed to provide enslaved people freedom so they could take part in democracy and have unrestricted access to the entire country. Consequently, the study will explore two texts that supported slavery and two documents that opposed it in 19th-century American society, as well as how each document affected many issues such as democracy, mobility, and capitalism.
Many politicians held opposing or pro-slavery positions during the time of slavery, and each position was supported by rationale. Some justifications were racially motivated, while others had a valid argument. It is widely believed that the Democratic Party supported slavery. The “cornerstone” speech by Alexander Stephens, which supported the idea that black and white men are not equally equal, held that black men are not. He said this in his speech:, “Our new system is constructed upon exactly the opposite concept; its foundations are laid, its corner-stone rests, upon the enormous truth that the Negro is not equal to the White Man; that servitude subjugation to the Superior Race is his Natural and Normal Condition.” Citing the Constitution while attempting to defend state rights, he only clarifies that it is not equal.
Another pro-slavery James Hammond created the “mudsill theory,” which contends that there must be and always has been a lower class for the upper classes to rest upon. It refers to the idea that slaves still require food, water, shelter, and even employment to survive even if they are not being paid for it. The stance is as follows: “She found a race that was well-suited for that purpose, which is good news for the South. Despite being a race inferior to her own, they were exceptionally well suited to fulfill all of her needs in terms of temperament, vigor, docility, and ability to withstand the elements. We refer to them as slaves because we employ them for our purposes.” (Hammond, 318–20)
Although they did not maintain the lower class through poverty, it appears that they believe all black people are from the low class, which they used to support the separation of whites and blacks as well as democracy. There is a lot of racism present because it comes from politicians who support slavery. They still believe that black people cannot and are not equal to any white man, so they lack an understanding of what it means to be non-racist. James offers justifications for his claim in the areas of economics, society, religion, science, and politics.Although Abraham Lincoln supported the abolition of slavery and focused more on labor and capital, the anti-slavery movement continued to campaign for the abolition of slavery. “They hold that labor is previous to and independent of capital; that in fact, capital is the product of labor, and that it could never have existed if labor had not first existed; that labor can exist without capital, but that capital could never have existed without labor,” declared Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln fought for free labor even if he opposed slavery.
Labor is the basis of capitalism and the economy. It is vital because if the slaves are fully set free, the amount of labor will decrease until they finally have to work to survive. They still get the basic essentials of existence, such as food, water, and shelter, even though they are not compensated for their work or labor. Frederick Douglass, a former slave and fervent opponent of slavery, declared in one of his speeches: “Everything that supports the continuation of slavery is America’s greatest sin and source of national disgrace, and I have the authority to order it. I won’t go back and explain myself “I shall use the toughest language I am capable of employing, but not a single phrase will escape me that any man whose judgment is not at heart a slaveholder or whose judgment is affected by bias will not admit to being honest and right. Even if they are not being paid for it, they need to have access to food, water, and shelter to survive. His point is supported by experience gained from going through this period as a slave. He became one of the most well-known abolitionists in the United States after learning to read and write. He was formerly a slave. He does challenge those who support slavery out of pure racism or because it was the norm at the time.
The anti-slavery movement hoped to make a difference by removing the lack of freedom experienced by slaves while still protecting their right to work and other basic needs. Mobility, diversity, capitalism, and democracy are the main areas of disagreement between the two sides’ positions. These four analytical concepts have been shown to be used by each individual to try to support their positions using their own justifications and arguments.
Reference
WORKS CITED Douglass, Frederick. “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July.” July 5, 1852. Web. Teaching American History.org.
Hammond, James H. Selections from the Letters and Speeches of the Hon. James H. Hammond of South Carolina. New York: John F. Trow and Co. 1866.
Stephens, Alexander. “The Cornerstone S
Communication and the Barriers of Communication
Karissa Keller
HAS 320-1401B-02
Phase 2 DB
Communication and the Barriers of Communication
It truly is amazing the technological and medical advances we as a human race have made, yet we still have not discovered advancements in communication. I am not talking about the latest I-Phone, but being able to communicate effectively with one another. Who can blame us though? As a nation being led by people who get to dictate the direction of our country cannot even have a decent, objectively based conversation without pointing fingers at one another and saying it’s not my fault or its your problem not mine.
Communication is a process that we use to exchange information, thoughts, and even feelings emotions CITATION Hea12 l 1033 (Healey & Marhese, 2012). There are different types of communication we use during this process, such as verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication is used when we need to our express our ideas or share information. Verbal communication can occur in two forms oral and written CITATION Nay12 l 1033 (Nayab, 2012). Oral communication specifically uses word vocally to start the communication process. Written communication means putting your words down on a format that requires the recipient to actually read the words instead of listening to it, such as texts, emails, or the old-fashioned pen and paper method.
Non-verbal communication occurs when we use our body and faces to do the communicating for us. Even the way we may shift our body weight during a conversation can say something without us actually opening our mouths. Nonverbal communication helps the receiver of our message to interpret the message CITATION Nay12 l 1033 (Nayab, 2012).
With the different types of communication being used by humans on a daily basis, it leaves us to wonder why we have such a difficult time in communicating with one another. These difficulties are in the form of barriers of communication.