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According to Aguilar (1967), he defined environmental scanning as the process through which a leader collects pertinent infor
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Economics
According to Aguilar (1967), he defined environmental scanning as the process through which a leader collects pertinent information of events unfolding outside the business and uses it to monitor the firm’s future strategy. The search to identify these trends establishes a firm’s prospects and concurrently poses tests to the unrelenting success of the firm. Thus when a firm conducts an environmental scan it focuses on the configuration of the connection between the business and its environment. The environment under which a business firm operates has a crucial role since it determines the firm’s accomplishments and botches. There exists a robust connection between the shift in the environment, the calculated reaction of firms to the shifts and the performance. Therefore, it proves to be crucial for a firm to comprehend the powers of the external environment and how they manipulate the connection. The external environment under which a firm operates is portrayed as dynamic and ever changing. Moreover, the aforementioned traits of the external environment present both prospects and challenges to a firm.
In a bid to comply with the findings of an environmental scan, a firm should attempt to realign its stratagems so as to embrace the prospects and avoid the threats presented by the external environment. Simultaneously, the potential shifts in the external environment causes distress to the appeal or the risk levels of investors or investments in a firm. All firms operate under a macro environment which consists of the political, legal, sociocultural, economic and environmental aspects. The environmental aspect highlights issues like the policy of sustainability and pollution among other issues. Additionally, the driving force behind the fundamental transitions witnessed in the external environment is technological progress and temper.
Macroeconomics is a domain concerned with the tendencies of the whole economy and not a specific fraction of it. This study delves into economic phenomena such as GDPs and how it impacted by shifts in national income, price levels and unemployment. An exemplary example of how macroeconomics works is the variance in net exports and how it would affect the nation’s GDP and unemployment rate. Alternatively, microeconomics refers to the study of resolutions entrepreneurs make concerning the apportionment of prices and resources of merchandise and services. Under this study the regulations and taxes imposed by the government are also put into consideration. All the forces that affect the price level in an economy including demand and supply are highlighted in microeconomics.
Macroeconomics can be measured through national income, prices and the rate of inflation, and finally real variables. Under national income/GDP the economic activity of the nation’s economy is measured. Statistics from GDP measurement provide a good basis to the structure of a nation’s economy. With regard to inflation rate; it is measured as an increase of prices which are conveyed as an annual percentage. Inflation rate tabulates the speed at which the prices of commodities upsurge on average. For one to be able to measure the rate of inflation he/she must have the overall information on the level of prices. Real variables can also act as a measurement in macroeconomics. The aggregate of all outputs into one definite figure in macroeconomics is achieved through utilizing money as the yard stick for measurement.
Microeconomics can be measured through stock variables and flow. The principle of stock variables is measured through the wealth and inventories of the firms and people in the market. Alternatively, the flow variables are measured through a period of time and consider factors such as incomes and rate of production and consumption. The other factor embrace so as to aid in measuring microeconomics is price. The prices can be categorized into two which are nominal and real price. Nominal price refers to the absolute dollar price of the merchandise when being sold in the market. On the other hand, the real price is the worth comparative to a comprehensive measure of prices. Utility can also be adopted as a measure to microeconomics. Utility can be adopted by measuring the extent to which a market cannot do without a product.
CACREP Standards Discussion
CACREP Standards Discussion
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CACREP Standards Discussion
CACREP is an institution that accredits more than 906 doctoral and master’s degree programs in the field of counseling and specialties that are offered by 434 universities and colleges across the United States. It is both a status and process that indicates the commitment to the excellence of programs. The CACREP standards were drafted with the intention of clarifying and simplifying accreditation requirements and promoting a unified counseling profession. The CACREP accreditation process entails self-assessment of programs alongside an external review to know if program standards are met or not. To the members of the public, an accreditation status shows that a program successfully fulfils its commitment to attaining quality education.
One of the terms mentioned in the CACREP standards that I can identify as a strength for myself is section two that pertains to professional counseling identity. For me, this is my stronghold because I tend to understand apply the standards best in laying a foundation for the counseling as and the curriculum. This is a stronghold because, as a student I am actively involved in the counseling profession as evidenced in my participation in professional counseling organizations, including the American Counseling Association (ACA). Moreover, I participate in workshop and seminars and any other activities which contribute to professional and personal growth. Additionally, when it comes to the practicum bit of the counseling profession, I consider this s stronghold because I see it as an opportunity to put into practice the skills and knowledge gathered in the classroom sector. I also consider myself a professional which requires me to employ practical practice in my work. This includes maintaining professional behavior when dealing with clients and not engaging in romantic relationships with them (Lu, & Pillay, 2021). Also, I am good at maintaining secrecy as I realize that breaking client confidentiality is one of the gravest mistakes one can ever commit in the counseling practice.
The standard I hope to improve on is the standard pertaining to the learning environment. I could use a bit of improving in this regard as I struggle to coordinate with my instructors a times. CACREP standards mandate that all students that are in entry-level programs should be assigned an advisor during the duration of their program to help them with developing a plan for the study program (Akos & Duquette, 2022). As a student, I must collaborate with my advisors and instructors if I want to excel in the field. Without an advisor, I am likely to lose out on important elements of the practice. Having an experienced advisor in the counseling field is helpful as they have gone before me and are best placed to guide me to ensure I am successful because they know the ropes of the counseling profession.
References
Akos, P., & Duquette, K. (2022). Trends and Changes in School Counselor CACREP Standards in the United States. Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation, 4(1), 1-10.
Lu, H. T., & Pillay, Y. (2021). Examining the 2016 CACREP Standards: A National Survey.
Accomplishments of Charlemagne
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Accomplishments of Charlemagne
Charlemagne was a significant figure in the history of the Holy Roman Empire. Popularly known as Charles the great, he was born on April 2, 742 in Northern Europe. In 771, he became the sole ruler of the Frankish Empire after Carloman died. It was a coastal strip from southwest France up through the Netherlands into Northern Germany. It was at this time that the Franks were in a period of general disorder evidenced by the falling back of the Franks into barbarian ways in addition to neglecting their education and religion. He was an imposing physical presence with extraordinary courage and physical strength coupled with an iron will. As a figure of history, he accomplished a lot in restoring order and sanity in the land. He was one of the most important figures in the history of early Medieval Europe due to the number of accomplishments during his reign.
Military Revival
Following the death of Pepin in 768 Ad, the kingdom was divided between Charles the Great and his young brother. Consequently, after the death of his brother, he became the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom and he was determined to expand the kingdom in all directions. By word and the cross, he became the undisputed ruler of Eastern Europe. For three decades, his reign was dominated by military campaigns which were prompted by the need to defend his people against external forces and internal forces which threatened to break his kingdom apart. The most demanding military undertaking was against the Saxons who were longtime enemies of the Franks. It was a conquest which covered decades. The war resulted in mass killings and deportation of the rebellious Saxons which eventually lead to their submission. In addition to the Saxon wars, he initiated other wars with the sole aim of reaffirming his authority. These campaigns were aimed at incorporating the Lombard kingdom into the Frankish realm (Morrissey).
Concerned with defending the territory against Muslim invasion, he invaded Spain in 778. However, the Frankish was defeated since the venture was ill-advised due to the promises of help from local Muslim leaders in Spain who had different motives. Irrespective of the defeat, he went on to win over Bavaria by annexing them. The victory brought with it other military campaigns which included facing the Avars who were Asiatic nomads. Successive campaigns disintegrated the empire bringing good fortunes to Charlemagne in the process. He captures the territory south of Danube in Carinthia and Pannonia. Additionally, it led to the conversion of the Avars to Christianity. By combining effective military prowess and grasp of the political divides of the time, he elevated the status of the Frankish Kingdom throughout Europe. On matters relating governance, he believed that governance was solely for the benefit of the citizens. He was merely serving his people. He was a reformer who had the thoughts of his people at his heart (Kershaw).
Religious Revival and Reform
Charlemagne’s military campaigns brought with them good fortunes. He envisioned a time where a unified administration would be achieved in his territory. Diplomacy efforts were the order of the day during his reign. He had a religious policy that was a clear reflection of his capacity to respond to forces of change that were at work in the world. He intensified the reform programs that were instituted by his father, Pippin and his uncle, Carloman. As a matter of public concern, he aimed to deepen the spiritual life of the people by making it a prime goal of his governance. He focused on strengthening the hierarchy structure of the church by cleansing the clergy to reinforce the tenets of the faith and moral improvement. Additionally, he aimed at completely removing Paganism from the land. As the reforms progressed, he aimed to institute programs that would discipline the clerics and assert control over their properties thus defining the doctrine in the orthodox. As a result, he stamped his authority on matters relating to the church. He won over the support of the Papacy by claiming his ecclesiastical establishment over the body. His good relations with the Papacy ensured he received valuable support for his religious policies and implementation without conflicts of purpose.
The religious policy instituted by king ensured he had complete control over the appointment of the Bishops and Abbots. Consequently, he was the guarantor of the Papal States. His major achievement in as far as religion was concerned was strengthening the ecclesiastical structures in addition to deepening the piety. King Charlemagne ensured that the morals of his Christian subjects were corrected. In appreciation of his religious reforms, he received the glorification of the king as the rector of “New Israel.” Due to his advocacy of Christianity, he enjoyed the role of protecting the Christian establishment in Jerusalem in addition to being the ruler of the kingdom of Christians of Asturias. He also aimed to expand Christianity by bringing to the fold new followers. It was evidenced when he forced the conquered Saxons to convert to Christianity (Story).
Cultural Reforms
Charles the Great had a perfect understanding of his religious and political reforms as they were unfolding in the Christian West. He and his administration were at the forefront of coming up with policies and activities that would bring about a cultural renaissance. The circle of educated men reinforced the effects of the program by giving the programs shape and perspective. He ordered a series of orders that were geared towards s=defining the objectives of the cultural policy. The main aim of the policy was to ensure a continuous improvement of the literacy as it pertained understanding and discharging the responsibilities and duties of the administrators. To achieve the policy, the educators with the direction of the king sought to expand the education system in addition to producing books and publications. The books and publications were to touch on the Christian Latin culture in general. Educators in the land produced many books with the help of the courts in producing books that had a deeper exploration of Latin and Christianity in general. A new writing system was devised to make reading and writing easier. Many works including works of poetry, historiography, biblical exegesis, theological tracts, and epistles were composed for the purpose of exemplifying intellectual activity and linguistic expertise. People were proud of the activity making them boast of a ‘New Athens’ in the empire.
Cultural change was realized after some time as evidenced by the imitation of the cultural models that were provided by the court circle. This was a sign of renewal. Charlemagne ensured that the Bishops revitalized the existing Episcopal and monastic schools in addition to founding new ones. Measures were taken to drive the intake of new students into the schools with the aim of expanding the culture of the people. The school head went beyond teaching to developing and compiling textbooks for learning in the traditional liberal arts category. Publications increased dramatically. Results of the cultural learning program were realized in his life and beyond where there was improved competence in Latin as evidenced by the written documents (Godman).
Despite being responsible for the death of many people, he still deserves the title of the “great.” As an effective military leader, innovative administrator and a promoter of the culture of the land through learning he succeeded in many arenas. As a result, he significantly succeeded as the apolitical figure by being at the forefront of diplomacy. He stood above his adversaries and contemporaries in creating the empire which was an admiration of many. Despite the empire not lasting, he changed the face of Europe in striking ways. The effects are still felt to this day. He treated the empire as his personal property regarding the way he divided his realm equally among his sons. He was a man who went his way given the way he approached issues in the public limelight and his own life. He was a conqueror since he expanded and consolidated the Frankish nation through force and military prowess. He gained the respect of his nobility and his impressive victories over his neighbors. He succeeded in acquiring more territory as compared to other European monarchs of his time. He was keen on maintaining his authority over his delegates. He left a reputation of an effective leader in the world whose impacts are felt to this day.
Works Cited
Godman, Peter. Poets and emperors: Frankish politics and Carolingian poetry. Oxford University Press, USA, 1987.
Kershaw, Paul. Peaceful kings: Peace, power and the early medieval political imagination. OUP Oxford, 2011.
Morrissey, Robert John. Charlemagne & France: a thousand years of mythology. Univ of Notre Dame Pr, 2003.
Story, Joanna, ed. Charlemagne: empire and society. Manchester University Press, 2005.