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Native-Like Attainment In L2 Syntax

Native-Like Attainment In L2 Syntax*

Introduction

The article “Native-like attainment in L2 syntax” was published in the EUROSLA Yearbook 3 journal in the year 2003. It aimed at addressing the question on whether learners who start learning a second language after reaching puberty would acquire the proficiency of the natives in L2 grammar. To answer this question, the researchers undertook a study which involved a comparison of the performance of 15 French native speakers and 15 German native speakers, who also doubled up as late learners of Dutch language with the performance of 44 highly educated Dutch native speakers (Boxtel et al, 2003). The thirty late learners had arrived in the Netherlands aged between 12 years and 35 years and had spent at least four years in Netherlands. The selection process for the participants was based on their age of arrival and how proficient they were in Dutch language (Boxtel et al, 2003). These participants were subjected to grammar tests that tested dummy subject constructions, which is known to be extremely difficult for second language learners to acquire. The performance of the participants showed that second language learners would still have the capacity to acquire the level of proficiency in Dutch as that of native speakers.

The research outlined in this journal is extremely detailed as to the methods and selection criteria used in answering the question posed by the researchers. However, while the results of the study answer the question and disprove the hypothesis, it is noteworthy that the number of participants was relatively small. The use of a larger and more proportionate group would have been imperative and particularly if the study included native speakers of other languages apart from French and German. On the same note, it could test the impact of the level of education on proficiency in the same.

References

Van Boxtel, S., Bongaerts, T & Coppen, P (2003). Native-like attainment in L2 syntax*. EUROSLA Yearbook 3, 157–181.

Assignment 2 – Information Literacy -Journal Article Summary (2)

Assignment 2 – Information Literacy -Journal Article Summary

Due March 7th

Should be at least 700 words – Worth 15%

For this assignment, you will need to find one legitimate scientific journal article related to psychology. Here are some examples of scientific journals:

American Psychologist

Journal of Applied Psychology

Journal of Personality & Social Psychology

Journal of Educational Psychology

Journal of Experimental Psychology

 

Typically the magazine will have the word “Journal” in its title.  Psychology Today is not a scientific journal).

 

Since the PCCC school library doesn’t have many of these Journals, you can use EBSCOHOST to get some full text articles.  If you go to the school library website (in Blackboard it is at the top of the page), then click on On-line Databases, then PsycINFO , it will narrow the search in EBSCOHOST.  (You can access these free articles from outside PCCC by using the id: pccclibrary and the password: pccc123#).  Type in a topic of interest and narrow the search to those with full text articles and are from a journal article.  Once it begins a search you can narrow it even further (for example, your methodology should be an empirical study.)  If you aren’t sure what constitutes a “scientific journal article”, just send me the link to the article ahead of time and I can check it.  This paper will be sent through Safeassign to check for plagiarism. Your safeassign percentage should be no more than 25%.

 

The article should describe a scientific study.  Read the article (I know that parts of it will be complicated) and answer the following questions in full sentences:

 

What is the title of your article and who is/are the author(s)?

At what schools/institutions are they located?

What age group(s) are they looking at?

Is this an experiment, a correlational study, or some other type of study?

Give me a one paragraph summary of what they are doing in the study (the method).

Give me a one paragraph summary of their results.

List at least one other question that this study raises. For example, what study would you want to look at next?

Lastly, reference the article using APA format (Most of the articles have an option to see the correct citation).  Here is an example of what a reference should look like:

 

Doran, N., Schweizer, C.A., & Myers, M.G. (2011).  Do expectancies for reinforcement from smoking change after smoking initiation?  Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 101-107. doi:10.1037/a0015061

 

Make sure the paper is organized and the sentences flow well.

 

Unvaccinated People are more likely to Contract Diseases unlike Vaccinated People

Unvaccinated People are more likely to Contract Diseases unlike Vaccinated People

Authors Name

School Affiliation

Topic: Vaccines 

Organization pattern: Refutation 

General Purpose: Those that are vaccinated are less likely to spread the infections or diseases

Goal: To persuade people to get vaccinated 

My audience: Ages 18-40

Proposition of Fact: Reports from CDC shows people without vaccines are more likely to become infected and spread the diseases compared to those that are vaccinated.

Attention Getter

Imagine being in the Titanic ship when it was sinking many years ago. The ship captain decided to use the rescue boats to rescue people starting with women and children. The people who got on the rescue boats and got to the shore were saved. However, the rescue boats were not enough hence not everyone was saved. Many people died that day by drowning. Everybody tried as much as they could to get on the rescue boats. The rescue boats in this case are the vaccines which are made to prevent people from getting infected by various diseases. If the rescue boats would have been many and readily available, we would not have lost as many people as we did then. Just like in the Titanic, people who are not vaccinated are more likely to become infected and spread the diseases compared to those that are vaccinated. 

Preposition Statement

The vaccines to most diseases are easily available and therefore nobody should have an excuse for not getting vaccinated to prevent deadly diseases. People who are not vaccinated are more likely to become infected and spread the diseases compared to those that are vaccinated. 

Credibility Material

The research is based on studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on people in Kentucky (Karlsson et al., 2021). The research proved that those vaccinated did not get COVID-19 and if they did they got well faster. Those who were not vaccinated suffered fatalities and hospitalization with very severe conditions

Relevance to Audience

Most people from the ages of 18 to 40 are highly active and have strong immune systems (Karlsson et al., 2021). This is unlike the children who are below 18 and the adults who are above 40. In the event these individuals with ages between 18 and 40 contract a disease they are more likely to spread it to those with weaker immune systems. Those of the ages 18 to 40 have higher chances of surviving the disease. They should therefore be more vigilant in getting vaccinated.

Thesis Statement

The purpose of this speech is to show the importance of vaccination especially to those from the ages of 18 to 40 years.

Preview Statement

The following are examples and proof that unvaccinated people are more likely to get and spread diseases compared to vaccinated people based on CDC research (Karlsson et al., 2021).

Transition

I will start by explaining why there are people who get infected after vaccination just like people who did not get vaccinated (Orenstein & Ahmed, 2018).

Secondly, I will explain a research done by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 infections in Kentucky among individuals who had previously contracted COVID-19 (Karlsson et al., 2021).

Thirdly, I will discuss how the findings further demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccines provide additional safety to natural resistance alone and that vaccination, especially in cases of previous infection, aid in preventing re-infections.

Finally, I will highlight the benefits of people of ages between 18 and 40 getting vaccinated (Orenstein & Ahmed, 2018).

References

Karlsson, L. C., Soveri, A., Lewandowsky, S., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Nolvi, S., … & Antfolk, J. (2021). Fearing the disease or the vaccine: The case of COVID-19. Personality and individual differences, 172, 110590. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886920307819

Orenstein, W. A., & Ahmed, R. (2017). Simply put: Vaccination saves lives. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(16), 4031-4033. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1704507114