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Traumatic Events

Traumatic Events

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u How to identify a child going through abuse or neglect PAGEREF _Toc381192207 h 1Traumatic events, delinquency and crime PAGEREF _Toc381192208 h 1Intervention on child abuse PAGEREF _Toc381192209 h 2Student substance abuse PAGEREF _Toc381192210 h 2Problem of youth suicide PAGEREF _Toc381192211 h 3

How to identify a child going through abuse or neglectWithin the school district there are many students who have gone through and others are still going through traumatic events. Some of these traumatic events are sexual, physical, mental abuse and issues of abandonment. There are various ways that can be used to identify children who are going through traumatic experiences.one indicator is any change in behavior. If a child‘s behavior has suddenly changed or their performance has gone down then they might be going through a traumatic event. Another way to identify a child going through traumatic events is if they have learning problems or simply cannot concentrate which can not be linked to particular physical or psychological causes. Children going through traumatic events are always watchful as though they are always preparing for a bad thing to happen. They are also passive, compliant or withdrawn (Child welfare information gateway, 2007).

Traumatic events, delinquency and crimeThe abuse that children go through has often been linked to delinquency and crime development in these children. This is because the abuse and neglect ends up leaving lasting scars in the child. Some of the scars are emotional and they damage the child’s sense of self and their ability to function. They end up developing high risk behaviors such as drug abuse which lead to crime. This is because they will need money to satisfy their drug problems and thus get involved in crime so as to get this money. There are other children who the abuse makes brings a change in behavior such that they become very aggressive. Such children end up being serial killers or even sex offenders.

Intervention on child abuseThere are various ways through which child abuse and neglect can be dealt with. There is the child abuse prevention and enforcement act came to the conclusion that in majority of the cases financial assistance is required to help prevent and report any incidence of child abuse and neglect. This financial assistance is also used to establish programs for education as well as the prevention of child abuse. If funds are accessible then there will be success and efficiency in prevention and bringing an end to child abuse (Avvo Inc, 2013). Different families vary in their emotional and physical resources and they react differently under stressful circumstances. Some resort to violence to a child in cases of a family crisis. The seesaw model brings these elements together to a point at which intervention is required to lead to a restoration in balance within the family. This model tries to alleviate the immediate stress by removing the child temporarily from the home and offering counseling to them.

Student substance abuseThe problem of substance abuse among student is rampant in many societies today. There are high levels of binge drinking among students which has adverse consequences such as increased risk of alcoholism as well as liver diseases. There are various methods of interventions which can be used to prevent and treat substance abuse among students. Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) is an educational program that seeks to prevent the use of drugs .the students that enter the program are required to sign a pledge that they will not use drugs. Midwest prevention project is a community based program put in place to reduce alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents. Life skills training is a program that is school based that aims at preventing alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use through targeting psychological and social factors which promote the initiation of using substances.

Problem of youth suicideThere are many pressures, emotional, family and social issues which lead to youths developing suicide thoughts. The suicide warnings include substance abuse, behavior problems, withdrawing from friends and family, emotional distress, risk taking behaviors, making statements of wanting to die, threatening to commit suicide and so on. Proactive plans should be put in place so as to deal with this issue of youth suicide. This include listening to the person, encouraging them that things will be better, and ensuring that the person gets enrolled in stress management program so that they can deal with their issues,

References

Avvo, Inc. (2013). Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act .Retrieved June 30, 2013 from http://www.avvo.com/legal-guides/Child-Abuse-Prevention-Treatment-ActChild welfare information gateway. (2007). Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptoms. Retrieved June 30, 2013 from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/signs.cfm

Transportation, The Highway funding trust

Transportation, The Highway funding trustStudent’s Name

Affiliation

Course

Date

Q1.The Highway funding trust was created to ensure the systems financing through an account mechanism in the federal budget that comprises two separate accounts one for the highways and other for mass transit. All the fuel tax was transferred to the trust fund and all general fund revenue returned to the highway trust. This could help reshape federal, state and local decisions’ on how to spend transportation funds. Trust fund programs are supplied at least 90% dedicated revenue from user fees or excise taxes. In a current survey it was noted that the highway trust fund could not support levels of investment for transit and highway program (Green, 1992).

Fuel taxes provide a stable and predictable level of funds because highway fuel consumption varies yearly. Fuel taxes acts as a revenue/source of highway funding from those who benefit from expenditure that the taxes finance (citizens).The fund has to be sustained to increase trust fund revenues that are inadequate to meet needs, by raising the fuel excise tax so that all users pay their fair share. It has also emerged that per mile charges would be an effective way of funding the trust since fuel consumption also depends on it.

PROS: About 80% goes to government grant for construction and rehabilitation of existing roads and safety programs. It helps reduce cost of borrowing. Higher rates of fuel taxes are warranted to pay costs of importing and burning oil that is not reflected in the market price. It also encourages development of renewable domestic and less pollutant fuel sources.CON: It distorts market prices and causing producers and consumers to allocate personal and business spending inefficiently. It Creates Horizontal inequalities as individuals who use vehicles to job tend to spend more on gasoline than others at the same level of income.

Q2Sam Walton the late founder of Wal-Mart had a vision and economic model that was based on low price directly proportional to high volume business model. He incorporates the selling of things cheaper so as to generate profit through volume rather than high mark up. To make an impact, companies realize that they have to rethink their processes and factor in sustainability. Wall mart amazed the logistics world by committing to reduce the energy needs, Packaging across its global supply chain and carbon dioxide omission. This will spur suppliers and other companies to develop manufacture and source in more environmentally social responsible manner

In terms of logistics wall mart has consistently maintained its growth by devoting significant resources, maintenance of its distribution and data networks? It used the Universal Product Code to increase amount and quality of data being tracked. Wall mart recently unveiled plans to measure the sustainability of every product it sells through substantive information to consumers about sustainability and lifecycles of the product they purchase. It will also be guided by its logical strength of numbers to increase large influence in area beyond discount retailer. (Soderquist, 2005)

Wall mart has virtually and physically positioned itself as a discount retailer but also a regulatory agency. Its effort in product efficiency, supply chain transparency and disaster response has greatly influenced public policy. It policy to reduce price and increase volume has created a mile race by its competitors to try and fill the gap. The company always has a gender of meeting the maximum profit mostly through innovation.

Reference

Soderquist, D. (2005). The Wal-mart way: The inside story of the success of the world’s largest company. (pp. 152-160). Illinois: Thomas Nelson Inc

Green, M. J. (1992). Changing America: Blueprints for the new administration. (pp. 426-568). Canada: New market Press.

TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE UAE SINCE 1970

TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE UAE SINCE 1970

Student’s Name:

Institutional Affiliation

TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE UAE SINCE 1970

Introduction

The UAE thirty years ago was one of the least developed countries of the world. The income level it has achieved currently is comparable to that of the industrialized nations. The hypothetical development stages that most developing countries pass through were never experienced by the UAE. Its large oil revenues have rather allowed her to leap these stages to that of high mass consumption. The UAE have enabled to short-cut the usually lengthy and difficult processes of capital accumulation and saving mainly due to its massive oil revenues necessary for economic development. The UAE given its natural resource endowments abundance from its industries that are more (RBI) resource based in nature for its gas and oil use this implementation as a strategy for development that is an industrial strategy that is based on natural resources utilization.

There has been a largely directed deployment since 1973 of windfall income at instant economic and social development that has helped boost the infrastructure to the current level. The UAE’s modern internal transport system in an overview was primarily developed in the 1960s and 1970’s with emphasis being laid on connecting the major cities through construction of the main roads. Because of the UAE’s strategic location Maritime trade has become a mainstay of the economy on the Dubai’s ports and Persian Gulf, at Mina Jabal Ali and Mina Rashid which are not only considered the UAE’s premier maritime facilities but also the largest man-made port in the world. In urban areas the road network is well advanced and in Dubai City a light rail system is under construction. There are six international airports in the UAE and Dubai and the emirates of Abu Dhabi in airport infrastructure are both making major investments, which over the next 10 years has exponentially increased the passenger’s traffic (Hvidt, 2013).

Dubai had very few roads and cars prior to the 1970s. Driving a car on Dubai’s roads was in fact a hazardous undertaking due to the free wondering camels, leading to the unwary getting involved in fatal sometimes nasty crashes. Vehicles could travel between Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai in 1971 along a modern single tarmac road carriageway paid for by Saudi Arabia. However it was an entirely different proposition if you were travelling to Abu Dhabi.

There were only four wheel drives and no roads, taxis and trucks used along the beach lines sand tracks as a means of traveling between the then cities. Taxi drivers being familiar with these sand tracks were mostly relied on by the individual travelers, there was however no hand, help to pull out the vehicles in case they became lost or bogged with the sand. Land rovers nicknamed ships of the desert were the vehicle of choice in what was the beginning of modern development of the emirates transport infrastructure and trade systems (Little, 2007).

As compared to other emirates Dubai enjoyed lower customs, this saw the traders smuggling goods without headlights over night to avoid raising alarm. Some opportunists in the late 60s/early 70s in order to facilitate transportation opted to borrow from the Dubai Defense Force Land rover’s owned by H.H Sheikh Rashid’s mainly during some of his trips oversees. After H.H Sheikh Rashid learned what had happened they were eventually returned.

Abu Dhabi and Dubai road construction ended the difficult land crossings effectively with the main construction being completed in 1973 to connect with Abu Dhabi. Both parts of their roads borders were constructed by both the emirates mainly a two lane highway with no lighting. Within the UAE transport is almost entirely road-based since the 1970s the roads networks development, particularly in Dubai and in Abu Dhabi the quality of the roads is good, and its growth has been rapid. The UAE has 253 kilometers of expressways that has paved roadways that are estimate to be 1,088 kilometers (Badran, Turk, & Walters, 2003).

The UAE government statistics show that currently serving the country are 15 commercial ports, this is with the inclusion of the oil terminals Located in the city of, Mina Rashid and Dubai, with a total capacity of more than 70 million tons, which in the Gulf region is the leading port that was completed in 1972. It has modern facilities to handle almost all types of passenger and commercial shipping, including handling of the containers. Completed in 1979 and located in Mina Jabal Ali in Dubai, it is not only the largest man-made harbor in the world but also the largest port in the country. It primarily deals with industrial material and in bulk cargo for the Mina Jabal Ali Free Zone (Owen, 2008).

Redistribution of goods by road from Dubai took off following the Free Zone and Jebel Ali port, Pan –Gulf opening. Thus for the future of the regional logistics industry the Dubai-Abu Dhabi highway became vital. It was widened to four lanes on each side by the mid-1990s, roundabouts and resurfaced were replaced or removed by flyovers. Abu Dhabi by the late 1990s could be reached in less than two hours from Dubai. The UAE is currently connected through its amazing road networks that not only links the regions but also directly connects each emirate. The movement of goods and cargoes are facilitated by this regional interconnection and through this the UAE’s position is enhanced as a trade gateway for the Gulf region (Clark, 1984).

Road upgrades currently cost the UAE, millions of dollars for their upgrades to keep up with remedy and growth hazardous black spots. It’s not until the mid-1990s that there was any activity in the rail transport, a German delegation led by the transport minister at this time, looking for future opportunities for their own railway industry visited the UAE.A proposal arose from that visit to link Dubai and Fujairah by building a rail system, primarily for the transportation of containers from Fujairah Port to an inland container terminal. This however caused the Free Zone Corporation and Dubai’s Ports customs to commission a feasibility study on rail links to regional areas (Walters, Kadragic & Walters, 2006).

There is an impressive passenger rail network system established today in the UAE that has an industrial network planned. Introduction of the Metro in 2009 has alleviated Dubai roads pressure with over 6 million commuters using the green and red lines and the GCC rail network future development will herald a new regional trade era. The UAE in a short period has achieved what many countries have are still trying to achieve. It can be justifiable that in a nation that is 40 year old should be proud of its accomplishments in air, water and road transport.

Conclusion

With great strides in going from sand dunes and deserts to an infrastructure consisting of ports, roads and airports the UAE transport has been able to maintain being at par with the developments. That in the UAE about 4,030 km of paved highway as of the end of 2003 has been constructed. The key coastal cities, running from the northwestern and border sham, where the Qatar roads meet with the UAE and Saudi Arabia are linked with one principle road. In the development of sustainable transportation policies in UAE there has been a continuous growing effort. The metro project in Dubai is one such effort, which if scheduled for completion in 2009 can help ease and improve the UAE transportation systems.

Reference

Badran, B. A., Turk, J. V., & Walters, T. N. (2003). Sharing the transformation: Public relations and the UAE come of age. The global public relations handbook, 46.Clark, C. (1984) Development Economics: The Early Years’, in G.M. Meier and Dudley Seers (eds), Pioneers in Development, New York, Oxford University Press

Hvidt, M. (2013). Economic diversification in GCC countries: Past record and future trends.

Little, C. (2007). Understanding the economic development of Dubai.Owen, E. R. (2008). One Hundred Years of Middle Eastern Oil.

Walters, T. N., Kadragic, A., & Walters, L. M. (2006). Miracle or mirage: Is development sustainable in the United Arab Emirates. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 10(3), 77-91.