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Proactive Police management is a book written by Thibault, Lynch, and McBride.
Chapter 16
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Introduction
Proactive Police management is a book written by Thibault, Lynch, and McBride. The book is about proactive, as well as, contemporary police management approaches. It has been widely used by several police programs, in addition to, various programs in criminal justice. The book addresses a number of styles practiced by police management departments. Such styles are of a wide range and they vary from behavioral approaches, to traditional, scientific approaches to approaches associated with human relations (Thibault, Lynch & McBride, 2011). The book is divided into a total of sixteen chapters, each of which takes a look that is realistic to operational challenges that might take place within police departments and approaches, and they, as well, look at ways through which proactive management approaches can help the police address these challenges. Chapter 16 is going to be of a particular significance to this paper, as the paper is going to be about the best ways through which police departments can be proactive.
The authors indicate that the current approach to policing is more proactive that reactive. They indicate that police officers nowadays deal or address issues by being able to anticipate events through the kind of planning that can only be exercised with planning, the use of resources and police personnel effectively, and with the deliverance of a wide range of police services to the society. The authors indicate that this approach to policing is not new. In fact, they argue that proactive policing begun in the late 1820s with the metropolitan police commissioners in London. As it follows, proactive police management is treated in the book as a noble and grand tradition of the early age police forces and policing departments (Thibault, Lynch & McBride, 2011).
The authors of the book indicate that the cultural context of the police as well as that of history in is depended or determined by two main entities, that is the sub cultural entity and the historical context. They argue that the modern policing approaches have borrowed a lot from social sciences, public administration, and from traditional policies in policing borrowed throughout England and US. The authors indicate that the modern police force has benefited alt from behavioral sciences such as sociology and psychology (Thibault, Lynch & McBride, 2011).
Another thing that the authors deem has made today’s policing to be proactive is the fact that more modern administrators from police departments have been recognized and promoted through ranks. According to the authors, this has helped immensely in that it has shaped policing policies especially in such areas as training, internal discipline, personnel selection, and management of personnel. They argue that the police force is becoming more proactive by increasing the number of women, as well as, the number of African Americans and Latino Americans in the force, as this usually has a significant effect on the subculture of the force (Thibault, Lynch & McBride, 2011).
Proper and appropriate organization is another thing the authors deem essential in establishing a proactive police force. They point out that a force or a department has to make explicit its informal and formal goals and objectives for it to operate efficiently and effectively. In addition to this, the authors indicate that a department must have several established operating principles or concepts that must be implemented. These include such things as span and range control, work division, and unit of command, which are the basic concepts key to the operational knowledge of all police supervisors and managers. Leadership styles and good communication skills are other things that must be adapted by a police department for its operations to allow for cost- efficiency and consistency (Thibault, Lynch & McBride, 2011).
Conclusion
A police department that is proactive is much more efficient and much easier to run as opposed to a reaction- based department. It would, therefore, be helpful for police department to invest in proactive policing approaches for the purposes of being more effective and efficient.
References
Thibault, E. A., Lynch, L. M. & McBride, R. B. (2011). Proactive Police Management. (8th. ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.,
Pro Abortion
Pro Abortion
Pro Abortion is the support of legalized abortion, favoring the legalization of abortion. Over the years people have criticized the moves to legalize abortion; this paper will unveil the dilemma that mothers go through before making the decision whether to abort. The paper will look at both sides of abortion and show why it is time to support legalization of abortion.
Abortion is morally wrong because it is an escape from responsibility; once a woman becomes pregnant she has to accept the responsibility of her new state. A woman who is pregnant should be able to take care of herself during the period of pregnancy. She is responsible for maintain a balanced diet to nourish the growing baby inside her, she is also responsible of taking care of her health, avoiding drugs and alcohol abuse during the period of pregnancy. The unwed woman must be ready to take up the responsibilities that come with being pregnant. She feels that she can be responsible enough to get through the nine months of pregnancy, without running away from her responsibility and bear her child.
Abortion is not morally correct because it bears negative effects on the mental health of the woman. There is an 81 percent higher risk of women who have had abortions having mental health problems than women who haven’t had abortions. This is according to a study conducted by Dr. Priscilla K. Coleman; the study also revealed that a 138 percent higher risk occurs in women who abort compared to those who give birth, and those who abort risk mental health issues. The study indicates that women who go through an abortion expose themselves to mental health issues; this may lead to a bad future for the woman. The unwed woman may have an understanding of the mental health implications that are tagged to having an abortion. ”Women with a history of abortion have higher rates of anxiety, depression, alcohol use/misuse, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior, compared to those who have not had an abortion.” (Dr. Priscilla K. Coleman)
Abortion is challenged morally as it may promote sexual lifestyles that are unhealthy among people, abortion may promote promiscuity. Abortion may also promote the spread of sexually contaminated diseases as people will engage in unprotected sex. Pregnancy is one of the things that control people and prevent them from leading a promiscuous life, because they are afraid of getting pregnant. People also practice protected sex to prevent unwanted pregnancies, having abortion legalized will have people practice unsafe sex and contract sexually transmitted diseases in the process. The unwed woman should not abort because it may give her the care free attitude towards practicing safe sex. However even after giving birth, promiscuity is a personal choice, not all promiscuous people have had an abortion.
Though at times abortion seems to be the worst evil on earth, in some circumstances abortion is safer than child birth. Pregnant women who have some illnesses risk their lives when they give birth and they would rather abort to save their life, some diseases also give complications during child delivery. To save the unborn child from future health complications which may be inherited from her at birth, the unwed mother should abort, rather than bear a child whose life will be full of health problems. “Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) may also contribute significantly in causing mental retardation among children through their infected mothers” (S.K. Mangal 125).
The economic status of the parents is a circumstance that may warrant abortion. The parents-to-be may have no source of income or may be making only enough to sustain them, having a baby for them may be a burden financially. People should not accept responsibility which they cannot take care of, having a baby who you will not manage to feed well, take to school and cloth himher is not right. Why bring a child into this earth for himher to come and suffer, a child should be given a good upbringing. Having a child is financially demanding, parents who cannot manage to raise children and provide for them should be allowed to have abortions. The unwed woman may be financially unstable, rather than have a child who will come and lack the basic needs, she would rather abort. By allowing abortion we can reduce the number of children who end up begging in the streets and the parks due to failure of their parents providing.
Abortion is all about choice, a woman’s choice should be respected, if a woman decides to have an abortion, the burden is hers and she is the one who understands it best, her choice should be respected. “The possibility of abortion has a kind of peculiar effect upon the bond between the woman and the fetus she carries. The “natural” connection between them ceases to be as tight once “choice “enters the picture. Now she can walk away”.(Meilaender 51)
Abortion should be left to be the sole decision of the woman carrying the unborn baby, it is only her who knows what she has gone through to get to the point that she is. Women should not be criminalized for having abortions, circumstances leading to the abortion should be clearly understood, where the mother aborts to save her own life, it is rather to save the life of a living person rather than lose both.
References
Meilaender, Gilbert. Bioethics: a primer for Christians. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1996. Print.
Sharp, Howard, and Douglas Richards. Pelvic pain. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003. Print.
The film Chinatown elucidates some of the problems brought about due to urbanization
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The film Chinatown elucidates some of the problems brought about due to urbanization. Urban environment has a set of challenges different from the problems in rural environment as learnt in class. Based in an urban set up, the movie dissects the water and land conflicts in Los Angeles. The movie directed by Roman Polanski and produced by Robert Evans, is primarily based on the disputes that arose due to the Southern California water in the 20th Century. The movie also highlights the challenges of urban planning such as land ownership. In addition, the movie elucidates the survival mechanisms of the urban dwells determined to keep their lands. The movie therefore depicts urban planning in Los Angeles as well as the challenges facing urban planning. The movie, Chinatown therefore brilliantly reflects what we have learnt in class about urban planning and its challenges.
The movie begins by highlighting conflicts such as murders common in the urban areas. A woman who impersonates Ms. Mulwray hires Gittes as her private investigator to track Mr. Mulwray who was the chief engineer of the city’s water department. Gittes trails Mr.Mulwray and takes a photo of him with a young woman, for publication in the following day’s newspaper. Gittes realizes that it was a set up when the real Evelyn Mulwray visits his office the following day and confirms that they have never met before. This shows that Mulwray was a target to some of the city residents who wanted him dead. The movie highlights urban planning challenges such as water planning which is resisted by the urban dwellers. This is shown by the murder of Mulwray who is found dead from a water reservoir. The death of Mulwray signifies urban conflicts due to land ownership, a common problem in urban areas. Mulwray murder was due to urban residents who differed with him when he opposed the building of a water reservoir. Some residents wanted the water reservoir to develop and irrigate their lands. This indicates conflicts of interest which may arise during urban planning. The rich landowners preferred building of another reservoir while Mulwray opposed such a move hence, the conflict of interest.
The movie also showcases conflicts in the urban authorities as well. Gittes realizes that the land was nearly dry although the city’s water department releases water from the reservoir every night. This shows the ineffectiveness of the water department in delivering its services such as irrigating the land, an indication of the poor management of the city’s water department. Gittes faces resistance while investigating the death of Mulwray. This is witnessed when the chief security personnel of the water department, Mulvihill and Polanski assaults Gittes by slashing his nose. Perhaps an indication that the two were part of the assassination of Mulwray and that, this was a cover up. The two were Mulwray colleagues at the water department therefore, were supposed to show concern of the death of their boss. This indicates the Mulvihill and Polanski never liked Mulwray to become concerned about his death. Mulvihill and Polanski unconcern behavior shows lack of neighbor support, a common characteristic of urban families as learnt in class.
The movie highlights land conflicts as one of the challenges of urban planning. The movie shows conflict between land owners determined keep their lands and urban planners who want uses the urban lands to plan for the city. This is seen when Gittes realizes that a majority of landowners changed ownership in the North West region. Some landowners knew the eminent conflict with the water department over these lands hence sold their lands. Gittes faces hostility from the landowners who thought that he was one of the agents from the water department planning to force them out of their lands. The landowners believe that the water department officials destroyed their tanks and positioned their wells to flood their lands in order to force them out. This clearly illustrates land ownership conflicts faced by urban planners in their quest to develop a plan for the city.
Corrupt land dealings are prevalent in urban planning. This is mainly shown by the rich in society who aim at owning as much land as possible without caring about the welfare of the local city residents. The movie highlights this when one of the new landowners at the Valley is found dead by Gittes. Evelyn and Gittes discover that the real estate deals such as the Mar Vista are done using the residents’ names but without them knowing. This indicates the corrupt dealings of the rich landowners. Milvihill and his thugs attack and chase Evelyn and Gittes to prevent them from uncovering more corrupt dealings.
The movie Chinatown also elucidates the lack of social and family support in most urban communities. Most urban families have failed social and family structures as shown in the movie. This is witnessed when Evelyn walks with another woman, who she said was her sister. This woman was the girlfriend of her late husband. Evelyn’s sister therefore, had an affair with Mulwray. This indicates a breakdown of social support in this urban community. This can be contrasted with the rural environment set up where there are strong family and social support. Such a case of a person having an affair with the sister’s husband would not happen among the rural communities. Evelyn further claims that the woman was her sister as well as her daughter further indicating social disharmony among the city’s community.
The movie shows a twist of events when Evelyn discovers Cross’ bifocals in her house. This implicates Cross in the murder of Mulwray. Cross asserts his desire to include the Northwest Valley to the city. Cross indicates his plan to irrigate the valley and develop it. This is a confirmation of the land disputes in the city and indicates the reason of t Mulwray’s murder. The main reason for the murder of Mulwray was land disputes between land owners such as Cross, who were keen to develop their lands and never cared about urban planning. Through these revelations, Cross may have contributed to the murder of Mulwray.
The end of the movie shows the problem of urban violence. This is shown by Gittes when he plans to help Evelyn and Katherine to flee to Mexico. The movie depicts gun violence when Evelyn shoots Cross in the arm when he insisted in following Katherine. The police shoots Evelyn’s car and kills her in the process. Katherine survives and is led away by Cross. Escobar orders the release of Gittes together with his accomplices. This indicates the state of lawlessness in the town where no one follows rules. The shooting of Cross and the killings of Mulwray and Evelyn all indicate gun violence in the city. Urban violence is a common occurrence in most urban areas which complicates urban planning.
The movie Chinatown illustrates some of the challenges faced in urban environments. The movie shows land disputes which is one of the biggest impediments to urban planning. The movie also highlights urban violence such as killings and urban brutality such as robbery attacks. The movie offers an insight into the lack of social and family support in urban violence. This movie provides students with a break from the theoretical class lessons on urban environment, to the real life challenges of urban planning such as water and land disputes.