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The film argues that there is a direct link between American slavery and modern American prison system
The 13th
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The 13th
The film argues that there is a direct link between American slavery and modern American prison system. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
This documentary is an eye opener and it gives a very great insight into history of slavery as well as the prison system and how it has developed up-to now. It is true that the link between American slavery system and modern prison system is very close and cannot really be separated. In summary it can be said that American slavery system is what has become to a larger degree the modern American prison system. The issue of slavery was one of the most touching ones and it relates the current prison system whereby mass incarceration is used and so many people and unnecessarily put behind bars. This paper therefore discusses the reasons why American slavery and modern American prison system are related and are almost similar.
Slavery is ended after the 13th amendment to the United States constitution. However it was very difficult for the whites to get to know what they could do with the many black people who were free. Therefore after the 13th amendment there was the criminalisation of a lot of things which the black people did. For example something like loitering around or looking at a white woman lustfully was considered crimes and black people could be jailed for the same. It was the very first time there was a large number of criminals in the United States which in real sense was made and was not true. However even before this wen African Americans were property they were not allowed to do some things and the same was extended within the context of the law and not within slavery.
This means that African Americans were free but in real sense they had got from one prison just to the other one. The American prison system has developed over the years and even with all the developments there is still a problem since most of the African Americans still get treated negatively through systemic racism. One of the most developed myth and misconception among white ladies is that African males are rapists and this most of the times keeps African men being crucified for a crime they never did. This developed all the way from the time of slavery up to today and there is a lot of injustice within the American society since most of the times the crimes committed by whites are ignored while those committed by black people are amplified and reported.
From 1970s there was a change in the American prison system and there was mass incarceration which began happening and this was not good especially for the black Americans. The black Americans are most of the times tried in injustice cases or injustice ways and what happens is that they are the ones who end up filling the prisons of the United States which is a raising concern in the world. United States of America has 5% of the world’s population, however its prisons hold 20% of the whole world’s prisoners and this is a very big issue even in international status. Therefore as slavery diminished the respect and the good part of black people the same continues even up to today and a good example is the killing of George Floyd and the manner in which people reacted. This shown that there were deep seated grievances and when they got a way to express them they came all the way out.
In conclusion, it is true that American slave system is very much related to the present day prison system and it mainly affects the blacks while the whites enjoy the freedom from being seen as criminals almost every time as the blacks are seen. The 13th therefore is a wake up all to everyone to bring forward racial justice together and make sure that everyone is treated in a fair manner.
Reference
Terry, E. (2017). Review of 13th: Narratives of the Current United States. Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities, 6(1), 20.
privatization of Goverment services
2131312- Privatization of government services
There has been a growing trend towards the privatization of governmental services in the world today. Privatization of government services refers to the handing over of public functions to companies that are privately owned. This paper will examine some of the benefits and detriments of privatization. I will give my position on the topic and give reasons why I take this position.
Benefits of privatization
The privatization of government services is beneficial in various ways. The government is not capable of providing all services to all its citizens. This is because the government might lack some expertise that is necessary to perform different functions. Most of the private companies have all the relevant expertise required to effectively provide various services to the public. This means privatization of government services will provide an opportunity to private companies to use their resources and tools in order to effectively provide services to the public. These are particularly services that the government can not provide due to the required expertise (Nichols, 2010).
Private companies are also quite productive hence reducing the costs incurred by the government. Through privatization, the government makes savings on the services they could be offering to the public but are now offered by private companies. Private companies have a profit incentive and hence they work towards cutting costs and becoming more efficient. The main interest of private companies is profit generation. Therefore they strive hard to cut down their costs as much as possible. Due to privatization, many companies such as British Airways have been able to improve on their efficiency and increased their profitability. Privatization will lead to a reduction of the size of the government. This is because the government would no longer require many people to work for them since they have privatized the services they were offering. The government does not have resources in place to deal with the emerging and changing needs. The private sector on the other hand is up to date hen it comes to technology required to satisfy the changing and emerging needs. With privatization, the private companies are able to cope with these changes in the needs of the public. Privatization also mans that there will not be nay political interference when it comes to service delivery. The privatization of monopolies that were previously controlled by the government allows more firms to venture into the industry. This increases competition and leads to efficiency when it comes to service delivery (Nichols, 2010).
Detriments of privatization
There are also various disadvantages of the privatization of government services. With privatization, the public good is normally threatened since the government loses its control. This means that the private companies will have the freedom to do anything they want since the government is no longer providing the services. This leads to the development of monopolies within the private sector which are quite difficult for the government to control. Privatization also leads to corruption and unscrupulous behaviors from greedy businessmen who are out there to benefit themselves without considering the interest of the public. There are some industries that perform important public services such as education and healthcare. Within such industries the driving force should not be profit but due to the greed by private companies, they end up concentrating on profits and at the end of the day compromise on service delivery. This means that the quality of services declines with privatization since the private companies only aim to make maximum profits (Nichols, 2010).
Personal position
I am against the privatization of government services since the standards of services that are offered by the private companies are not the same as those ones that are regulated by the government. The private companies’ main focus is how they can use minimum costs and realize maximum profits. They aim at saving money and are least bothered on delivering quality services to the public. Delivering quality services to the public is not as easy as private companies think. In many occasions, private companies have failed and it has forced government workers to come in and clear their mess.
References
Nichols, R. (2010). The pros and Cons of privatizing Government Functions. Retrieved September, 25 2014 from http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDsQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Flocalgovinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FThe%2520Pros%2520and%2520Cons%2520of%2520Privatizing%2520Government%2520Functions.pdf&ei=7OIjVJumLKmaygPu3IHADA&usg=AFQjCNEBDTshrG_MEXhjuSCHLiiwi1Oc8A&sig2=hjHGdDUwune24w4QEeRuYg
Privatization of Companies
Privatization of Companies
Privatization, mergers and acquisition are commercial terms used with respect to large companies. Privatization is used to refer to a process by which an organization transfers its ownership from the government to the local citizens. Government transfers majority share holding to the public in this process. This is advocated for especially when there is a problem of service delivery as a result of such factors like corruption, lack of competition, bureaucracy etc. it is a decision meant to foster efficiency. Merger occurs when two or more companies undertaking business activities of similar nature come together and combine their operational activities, management and every service delivery tasks. This is usually aimed at improving service delivery and creating competitive advantage. By merging with other companies, resources become more available hence production capacity can go higher. Acquisition is yet another strategy which means a larger company purchasing another one, either fully or partially, as a way of increasing its investment. Joint venture is closely related to merger. However, in joint venture companies mobilize resources together to undertake a common venture. This strategy is regarded necessary if the companies are like minded and the nature of business venture will considerably involve large capital investment. For instance, we have the case of EBG which acquired Pancevo, and other breweries in Moldova, Chisinau, Ufa in 2003. We also learn that Pancevo underwent nationalization over the era of Tito, which transferred its ownership interest to a given family. Again, this organization which now operated like a company was privatized following poor operating conditions prior to 1991. All these strategies have legal, social and economic implications to the society and the state at large. In our case study, we undertake to look at the legal and social aspects that arise with respect to the above strategies, considering multinationals like Pancevo, Eden Group of Companies, EBG and others that operate in Asian market and other countries.
Discussion
Generally immaturity of the political body has led to stifling of the institutional pluralism development. While in the area of higher education, appointments of senior academic are still being conducted by the state, a picture similar to that arises in the agency of Serbian privatization where senior employees as well as their policies are seen as the subject of great transmutation. It is without doubt that the major reason behind widespread feeling of anxiety and fear has been the pauperization of the community of Serbia which is faced with a challenge of around 30% unemployment with average wages being marginally higher than subsistence levels. The interference of the system of social benefits that were well established by the administration of Tito, which meant non material and material needs were all guaranteed by the government, has contributed to feelings of isolation and insecurity among the citizens. Living standards deteriorated immensely because under Milosevic business enterprises were maintained open, usually with passive workforces, meant to create means of supporting the regime and keeping social peace.
The significant challenge threatening the programs of workers in Serbia is the privatization enactments that were made in a series of laws from the start of 1980s. From 2001, radical ownership restructuring has taken place. This has shocked many nationalities especially the workforce, whose livelihood is pegged into those enterprises. These laws have seen into it that social and state owned business enterprises are transferred into the hands of private sector. These enterprises employed 150000 workers, and their social security future was now at risk. Such is the case with the employees of the Pancevo Bretion wearies company which forms part of these enterprises that were privatized. Although privatization is meant for good course, it often comes with its pressing challenges and so it did in the case of Pancova. Other than the brewing industry, other sectors that were heavily affected by the new laws included cement, steel works, petrol stations, and tobacco. In fact, plans for the privatization of the industry of oil and the related products is underway. With patterns and structures of ownership of enterprises becoming more diffuse and less central and interests of foreigners gaining a foothold in the economic matters of the state, workers in Serbia are for the first time under exposure to what is seen as ravaging modernization programs of the capitalists which have by far caused adverse effects to their global counterparts.
However, there has been multiple effects of what is termed as oppression perpetrated by the political regime and international isolation years which have established a competence climate at workplace level. In instances of privatization representatives of workers have been subjected to resignation from taking and administering rearguard actions, bargaining severance packages and tokens for those who have suffered only retrospectively, and this involves the Pancova Breweries. It is asserted that the trade unionism of Serbia is one of the few special cases, being greatly disadvantaged by the governance stance of out rightly rejecting reforms that are market oriented in the late 1990s and 1980s, and the employment of nationalism as a tool of aggressively pacifying labor. While in Slovenia there was a political agenda broader enough to permit airing of labor voices and negotiating their demands in the enterprises, in Serbian it was a completely different thing with the so called anti- democratic trajectory being offered only one option of exit for laborers and collective identity being deconstructed. Consequently, workers from Serbia remain marginali9zed and disorganized beyond the control power of the formal institutions there is.
Mergers and acquisitions have major impact to the performance of human resource in any organization. With Eden acquiring major shares of the Pancova, this meant that the company has now become global. Internationalization of the human resource places some implications to the human resource management. During the past years, recognition and appreciation of the usefulness of human resource in the success of any business enterprise. Employees form an integral part of the assets of organization and are therefore termed as valued assets. Marger, acquisition, privatization and nationalization of business enterprises have implications on the human resource and hence attainment of the goals of the business enterprise.
References
RICHMOND, L., & TURTON, A. (1990). The Brewing industry: a guide to historical records. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
FROST, L., & GRIFFITHS, A. (2002). Plants of Eden. Penzance, Alison Hodge
DÖRRENBÄCHER, C., & GEPPERT, M. (2011). Politics and power in the multinational corporation: the role of institutions, interests and identities. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.