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Toxic Chemical Agent Incident Response Scenario
Toxic Chemical Agent Incident Response Scenario
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Toxic chemical spills have a severe effect on people and the environment. A spill occurred in a chemical plant that produces pesticides involving a leakage of methyl isocyanate MIC (gas) in the plant. The leak occurred after water penetrated a huge vault containing MIC gas leading to an increase in pressure within the vault. The increase in pressure caused the vault tank to vent that led to toxic gases being released into the plant and atmosphere. The leak occurred during a day shift where about 1000 people were present. The mots important aspect of responding to an incident is the right organization coupled with the correct processes. Response in such a situation requires the application of principles of an incident command system. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a tool used in commanding, controlling and coordinating emergency response (Wang, Ma, Hanson, & Larranaga, 2010).
ICS help in solving problems encountered during incidences such as the leakage in the pesticide plant. Its main focus is clear communication and accountability in structures that can expand and contract when required helping people work together even if they have not done so before. When properly applied, ICS can help in reducing deaths and preventing further damage caused by the incident. If used effectively, the entire resources of national response community can be put into the management of the incident. The basic concept of ICS is that in every emergency incident without putting into consideration the size, the ICS principles are applicable. The first person to notice the leakage is the one who had the inherent emergency management responsibility.
Incident command system principles
The ICS comprises of five main concepts, the first concept is unity of command. It is whereby everyone involved in the incident responds to one supervisor. There is an established hierarchy and authority whereby everyone has the responsibility of achieving the set objectives. The second concept to be applied is common terminology. There should be use of a language that everyone is able to understand for easy communication and understanding in the process. The third concept is management by objectives whereby the responders work towards achieving specific objectives. The responders should work in priority order according to what has been defined with the response plan. The forth concept is flexible and modular organization whereby an organization should expand or contract if required based on the size and nature of incident. The fifth concept is span of control whereby no one is supposed to manage less or more than 7 other people (Wang, Ma, Hanson, & Larranaga, 2010).
Contamination of masses
After the leakage took place there was a contamination of mass casualties within the plant. As established, the incident occurred in a day shift that was fully staffed. It means that many people were in the vicinity at the time the leakage occurred.
Size up situation
The first responders in the incident are very important since they inform others who are not aware of the occurrence of the incident. They alert people that there is an emergency that needs to be taken care of as fast as possible. The first respondents are tasked with the duty of recognizing the indicators of the leakage such as a change in the air they are inhaling. They are supposed to establish the direction where the leakage is coming from in order to prevent people from going to that side. They should direct the staff members on exists from the plant in order to prevent them from contacting the gases being released (Lomdahl, 2003).They should be able to determine the type of chemical agents involved in the incident so that they can know the first aid they can apply. In this case, the first responders established the gas released in MIC. They should give this information to those offering first aid to the victims so that they can know the first aid to apply. The first responders should be in a position to carry out an orientation of the victims who have been affected by the leakage. They should help in determining the signs and symptoms of the casualties so that medics can conduct first aid of the casualties. They should also help in finding out the type of injuries on the casualties so that they can find out the type of help they should be given (Lomdahl, 2003).
Protective actions and organized response
An assessment of the situation should be done from a safe vantage point. It will prevent further contact of harmful gases and at the same time examine the extent of the damage the leakage. There should be a safe access or staging where responders are using to help those who have been affected by this incident. The affected areas within the plant should be contained in order to prevent any further spread of the toxic gas
Emergency response services
There is need for assistance besides the first responders within the plant. There should be emergency response personnel called in to help deal wit the situation. They help in creating more situation awareness to victims who are within the plant. It should help calm the victims down and give them assurance that the situation is being controlled. They create awareness on first aid that the victims can use so that to get temporary relief from the effects of the gas. They should help in moving the uninvolved people from the plant (Lomdahl, 2003). They also assist in stabilizing the incident by helping in stopping the leaking of the vents. They should help in avoiding secondary contamination within the plant and hence prevent the situation from escalating. They also can request for proper resources that would help them in containing the situation. They can request for specialized assistance that will help in dealing with the situation appropriately.
Medical assistance and transport
The people within the plant are all evacuated and taken to hospitals where they can receive specialized care. In hospitals, proper treatment is conducted on the victims to ensure they recover as quickly as possible. There should be follow-up care on the victims in order to make sure they have recovered fully (Gallant, 2006).
Reassurance and proper media information
The staff working in the plant and members of the public should be assured that such an incident would not take place again. The employees should be made to feel safe even as they return back to their place of work.
Recovery
It involves the process of getting back to normal after the incident. The organization is required to put up necessary measures to make sure that such an incidence will never occur in the plant.
References
Gallant, B. (2006). Hazardous waste operations and emergency response manual. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience.
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Lomdahl, A. (2003). Emergency response. Moorabbin, Vic.: Gould League.
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Wang, Q., Ma, T., Hanson, J., & Larranaga, M. (2010). Application of incident command system in emergency response. Process Safety Progress, 402-406.
Towson Quick Oil Report
Towson Quick Oil Report
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Introduction
In all businesses, the decisions made are based on the analysis of various concepts of the businesses through the collection of data which is then represented in not only a way that it can be understood but also can be worked on. There are various ways in which various businesses provide the results but in all cases, they are addressed in a management report by using various tools to indicate the aspects in question. The below summary will be a management report on Towson Quick Oil Change Shoppe prepared by Joe regarding the customers’ complaints in 5 weeks.
Check Sheet Diagram
Pareto diagram
Run ChartsCause and Effect Diagram
Recommendations
The oil change service shop from the complaints from the staff seems to be having very many issues nut just like any other aspect there is a solution where a few changes will be needed.
Most of the complaints from the staff example, waiting area and the bathroom not being clean, trash cans not being emptied suggest that the shop has less staff hence they are not able to manage all the areas hence more staff should be employed who will be delegated specific duties.
Also, the shop has to buy some new equipment since the current ones are either out of service or lack maintenance, this explains the complaints on the lack of processing of the credit cards, sodas being cold and the coffee machine issues.
The shop also has to hire more staff that are not only competent but also those with great communication skills and are efficient this will counter the rude staff, prevent the overcharging claims and ensure that the clients spend less time at the shop but with high services provided.
The shop has to put in place a record-keeping department or a tool to ensure they can replace the things which are out of stock, for example, paper towels, soda and coffee cups.
Target Value diagram
Toward a personal philosophy of group work
Toward a personal philosophy of group work
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Toward a personal philosophy of group work
Psychotherapy is a type of group therapy that involves more than one psychotherapist working at the same time with several people. This therapy can be done from various locations like hospitals, therapeutic private practices, community centers, and mental health clinics. Even though the therapy practice can be used alone it can also be significantly incorporated into a treatment plan that includes medication and individual therapy. In this aspect the diversity in the practice is seen, the practice can be categorized in three main ways namely focus of the group, time limits set on the duration of the group and the way group members are selected.
The key group therapy principals can mostly be understood from the individual perspective mainly from those who have undergone the therapy sessions; they often describe it as a process of instilling hope; since it involves treatment of members from different stages of the therapy. Seeing people who are recovering or coping, gives hope to those starting the process of therapy. It is also seen as a place where people can share and impact each other mainly through gaining new information. It is also seen to develop universality within the individual groups; since they will be part of a large group who not only share a common experience, but also help them see that what they are undergoing is universal and they are not alone. Others see the therapy as bringing out the altruism in the process; in that the group members are able not only able to help others but also share their strengths, which can boost confidence and self esteem in the process (Dies, 1993).
In addition a larger perspective of the therapy from the individual is seen to promote primary family group corrective recapitulation by the way the therapy group functions mainly as a large family, in that within it each member can explore how childhood experiences contribute to behavior and personality disorders. They also learn to avoid behaviors that are unhelpful and destructive in real life. Socialization techniques development are learnt; in that the therapy group setting would be the ideal place to practice the new behaviors; this is mainly since the setting is supportive and safe allowing group members to experiment without failure or fear. Imitative behavior is developed as the individuals can imitate the behavior of the therapist or observe and model the behavior of other members of the group. There is interpersonal learning development seen by the feedback and interaction from the therapist and group, through this each individual gains a greater understanding of themselves. The group therapy also helps with group cohesiveness by the way it functions as a unifying factor and this has been observed as giving the members a sense of acceptance and belonging. It also acts as a catharsis in that through the shared experiences and feelings within the group many a times people get relive from stress, pain or guilt. Existential factors are also projected with the therapy in that guidance and support s offered and in the process members are helped to realize that they are responsible for their own actions, lives and choices (Manor, 1994).
The group therapy sessions generally involve around seven to twelve individuals, but a group can still be as small as a three or four people that can meet for an hour or two once or twice a week. The minimum number of an effective group therapy session is considered to be between six and ten, and the sessions may be either closed or open sessions. Only a core group of members are invited to participate in a closed group, while in open sessions new participants can join at any time of the session. In most cases a typical group therapy members meet in a room that have the arrangement of the chairs done in a circular formation, this is done in a way that all members can clearly see each other. Members of the group sharing and introducing themselves, is often the typical way a session of a group therapy is begun. In addition, members might also share their progress and experiences since they last met. The style of the therapist and the goals of the group determine largely the specific manner in which the session is conducted. Some of the therapists might opt for a session that is more planed that might include having the clients share or practice their individual skills with the other members or a therapist might choose a more free style form of dialogue where the members can participate as they choose (Kanas, 2005).
Studies have shown that group therapy can be a very effective form of treatment especially in certain situations that involve patients of traumatic stress and depression. Analysts have shown that some of the main reasons for using group therapy would include; facts like it would allow people to receive encouragement and support of the other group members. The group therapy sessions are cost effective since they focus on many individuals as compared to one at a time. The group therapy is also a place where the therapist can analyze and change their treatment by getting a first hand view of the clients, response and behavior through the various social situations and group interactions. The group therapy sessions are also known to provide the clients with a conducive and a safe haven for them to practice actions and practice positive behaviors within the security and safety of the familiar group (Yalom & Lesczc, 2005).
Reference
Dies, R.R. (1993). Research on group psychotherapy: Overview and clinical applications. In
Anne Alonso & Hillel I. Swiller (Eds.), Group therapy in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Kanas, N (2005) Group Therapy for Patients with Chronic Trauma-Related Stress Disorders.
International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 55 (1), 161-6.
Manor, O. (1994). Group psychotherapy. In Petrūska Clarkson & Michael Pokorny (Eds.), The
handbook of psychotherapy. New York, NY: Routledge.
Yalom, I. D., & Lesczc, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. New York,
NY: Basic Books