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Great Person of the Past Century Nelson Mandela
Ali -Al- Mulla
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Great Person of the Past Century; Nelson Mandela
Early Life and Family
Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest icons of democracy and peace in the world. From a humble beginning, he rose to become the first president of South Africa after the fall of apartheid. Historically, he was born on 18th July 1918 to chief of Tembu, Henry. He was married to Winnie , but divorced and later married Gracia, widow of Mozambican president. To enhance his educational skills, he attended such colleges as Fort Hare and Witwatersrand to study law. As such, became a lawyer in the year 1942, and joined ANC in 1944. It is after joining the party that he become a vocal opponent of the apartheid regime and demanded for equity and equality in the country. He was tried for five years under treason laws based on the argument that he was fanning racial hatred and rebellion against the authorities. However, in 1961, these charges were dropped. Mandela’s defiance continued more so when the party was banned by the white led authority. As a new strategy, he resorted to militancy as opposed to civil disobedience that ANC had used as a tactic to win freedom. This led to formation of the party’s military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Adams, 54). As a result, the rulers had Mandela detained again in the year 1962, and jailed for 5 years, and later for life. He was taken to several prisons including the famed Robben Islands. However, with the imprisonment, his influence and admiration grew as he was taken as the symbol of black resistance. In 1990, he was released, and was elected the party’s President the following year, and also won Nobel Peace Prize. During the first multi-racial elections, he was elected the president but served for one term. He is now involved in peace building and empowerment of the oppressed under his foundation.
Problems Faced
In his life, Mandela faced several challenges and problems. The major problem was the racial segregation that was practiced by the regime then. According to Harrell (2), the white rule was characterized by ‘ills of apartheid [that] violated the ideas of true democracy’. As a black, he could not walk in certain streets; go to certain schools or social places. This social issue led to his defiance and rebellion against the rulers, who were a minority. Secondly, being jailed for over four decades was a major problem that Mandela faced. As such, his freedom was curtailed and his association limited. This negatively impacted on his personal development and ability to pursue his dreams in life.
Overcoming the problems
To overcome these challenges, Mandela used several strategies. His aim was to see a just and prosperous society when the color of the skin was not a deterrent to progress both socially and individually. One of his work entailed use of his legal skills to defend himself and his colleagues in the court. He used what he freely had at disposal to champion the cause of democracy and universal respect. Also, Mandela used the civil society movement to mobilize the masses to demand their rights. It is for this reason that he joined ANC and revitalized it as an avenue for mass action. At the same time, Mandela used civil disobedience, mass action, boycotts, public campaigns and demonstrations to overcome the problems that he faced in pursuit of a democratic and open society. Such avenues acted as awareness creation strategies that served well to counter the government’s machinery that was aimed at silencing its critics.
Influence in the world
It is noteworthy that Mandela not only changed the world but also influenced it. One of the major influences that he had was as a result of the speech that he made during his trial (Harrell, 5). By authoritatively stating that he was reedy to lay his life for the sake of freedom in South Africa, Mandela greatly shaped the global attitude towards the existing regime then. It is such assertion that led to global attention to the country. At the same time, Mandela’s actions influenced the world’s relation with South Africa. Most leaders condemned the regime and ruled out bilateral and trade relations with the country. As such, Mandela was able to influence the economic arrangements and relations between South Africa and the rest of the world. Similarly, he and his associates influenced many African governments to offer Umkhonto we Sizwe military training and base for the then banned ANC. Such countries include Tanzania, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Algeria (Buthelezi, 179). At the same time, he influenced several African leaders. for example, President Nyerere is quoted to have ‘ captured the mood of various [African] countries when he said, when the doors of peaceful progress is slammed shut and bolted, then the struggle must take other forms’ (Buthelezi, 178). Further, by wining Nobel Peace Prize and presidency, Mandela changed the world’s negative view of his activities and his associates. He was thus considered as a rebel with a cause who was unduly oppressed. At the same time, by sharing the peace prize with de Klerk and calling for tolerance as opposed to vengeance, Mandela changed the world view of peace and security. Many people came to appreciate the need for brotherly coexistence and global peace.
Greatness
Generally, Mandela has been great and admirable leader. This is because of his decision to support multiracial system and also to pardon his jailers. His intellectual acumen and oratory skills also make him very great. Controversy in his life however includes his rocky family life, where he divorced his wife, Winnie on infidelity grounds.
6. Do you agree with what that person stands for and what he has done in life? Is there evidence that this individual has inspired others?
I agree with Mandela’s stand in life and life long activities. By defying the authorities, he had no option but to direct his energies to where the gain would be maximum, rebellion. At the same time, civil disobedience is a viable option in dealing with a dictatorial regime that gives no room for constructive civil engagement. It is such conviction that makes me agree with Mandela’s view and actions. At the same time, Mandela has inspired many people globally based on such facts as many people named after him, ability to contain the radical blacks who wanted total change in the country, including economic control and his peace promotions. As such he inspired many people when he showed respect to his jailers and he valued their role in South Africa (Freeman & Stewart, 8).
Works Cited
Adams, Simon. Comrade Minister: the South African Communist Party and the
Transition from apartheid to democracy. Nova Science Publishers, 2001, Print.
Buthelezi, Jabulani. Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Nelson Mandela: an ecological study. Trafford Publishing, 2002. Print.
Harrell, Willie J. We Shall Crush Apartheid’: Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko and the
Rhetoric of the South African Anti-Apartheid Jeremiad. 2007.Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/uploads/docs/We%20Shall%20Crush%20Apartheid%20-%20Willie%20J%20Harrell%20Essay.%20pdf.pdf>.
Freeman, Edward & Stewart, Lisa Developing Ethical Leadership. 2006.Web. 18 Oct.
2010.< HYPERLINK “http://www.darden.virginia.edu/corporate-” http://www.darden.virginia.edu/corporate-ethics/pdf/ethical_leadership.pdf>.
Gray market and fake products in UAE
Gray market and fake products in UAE
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Affiliation
Gray market and fake products in UAE
Introduction
The gray market is a business where a bona fide item sold and purchased outside of the maker approved wholesaler. Case in point, if a maker of electronic gear offering a cell phone in UAE while an outsider exists and buys a substantial amount of the cell phone from other parts of the world and imports it for resale in UAE (Ahmadi, Carr & Dasu, 2010). So there is the ash market exchange happens in the business sector. Moreover, ash market items may be less expensive than the individuals who purchased from approved channels of exchange. Be that as it may, the gray market sector merchandise may be fake. For instance, the new items they spoke to now and then it may be containing second-hand segments or second hand items. Now and again, ash market items are official real yet it is dispersed illicitly, maybe to variety in costs and expenses in the distinctive piece of the world. Upgrades, guarantees or others backing are typically not accessible for gray market merchandise. Notwithstanding, ash market items are not illicit. Actually, they are to offer items outside of the typical conveyance channels of exchange by organizations, that may not identified with the assembling of the items.
Opportunity in the Gray Market
These days gray market sector movement has gotten to be worldwide, not just happens in business sector instability or undeveloped business sector, yet it happens in numerous created markets. Global gray market dependably happens when the cost of item is fundamentally higher than one nation to an alternate nation. This issue generally happened to electronic gadgets, for example, Pcs and cell telephones. Since China has turned into the one of the world greatest potential market, China’s gray market is becoming quickly (Ahmadi, Carr & Dasu, 2010). Gray advertising has a typical global practice, it was happened when the authority marked items achieve client through promoting channels other than the approved merchants. At the point when gray promoting happens over all the businesses, for example, worldwide showcasing, ash business gives chance to unapproved wholesalers to sidestep approved establishment specialists or holders, typically marked items, extravagant and abroad suppliers immediate to source them. Other than that, those exercises are typically not confine to the law, it is just illicit when ash market items damage either item regulations or a permitting number for the trademark’s utilization in a particular nation, or the trademark holder is situated in the nation into which parallel imports are dispatched.
Differences between gray market and authorized export
The alluring contrast in a gray market sector is the cost of the merchandise. The gray market merchandise are normally less expensive than the approved wholesaler because of the value contrast between the different markets. Another distinction is the Gray market sector products have constraint of guarantee and administrations. The Gray market merchandise are frequently indistinguishable with the exception of the guarantee and organizations (Ahmadi, Carr & Dasu, 2010)
The impacts of ‘Gray Goods’
As a matter of first importance for the effect of approved wholesalers, retailers frequently control a brand’s last presentation to approach clients. Before approved wholesalers happen in the business, they are advantages from the special exercises and publicizing by gray advertisers. In this way, the gray market exercises would influence their items deals, particularly when they use extensive measure of cash on the advancement with a specific end goal to consume the business, while the ash advertiser likewise profits from that.
An alternate effect of individual customers is client would appreciate by the minimal effort advantages of the gray products. Ash advertisers would offer the items with lower cost to pull in clients to purchase from them (Fernandes, 2013). Actually, whether the clients purchase the ash products, ash market movement itself will put weight on typical merchandise costs. In the long haul, purchasers could get advantage from the ash market. The ash business builds the deals channels for clients to give them simple to purchase the item. In any case, there additionally have a few hindrances for the client by gray market sector exercises. Clients may purchase the gray market sector items, yet they don’t have the foggiest idea about the distinction between ash market products and those obtained through the authority approved wholesalers. Other than that, Gray market sector structures an arbitrage that constrains costs down and gives name brand products at a lower cost to the shopper (AlGhafri, 2013).
Challenges of Gray Market in UAE
Notwithstanding, there are a few impediments for fabricates. Brand managers are not ready to utilize the worldwide value separation procedure to amplify their benefit by because of the globalization. Assortment powers including falling exchange hindrances, the data blast on web, and the current circulation capacities would influence the organization’s capacity to seek after neighborhood valuing methodology (AlGhafri, 2013). The gray market would result in the organization’s items contend with one another of the same brand in the business sector, particularly unapproved merchants offering cost of the item is lower than the approved deals cost of the item, it would be a genuine issue for the approved wholesalers. In the long haul, the organization may lose the strength of offers channels. Because of the unapproved wholesalers are typically not in charge of after-deals administration, which may bring about client disappointment, which would influence the organization picture and its items. On the off chance that the gray market sector merchandise furnished by organization with insurance administrations, it would expand the organization’s expenses.
Last however not rent, Gray market sector increments because of the beneficial open doors for arbitrage between the national markets with the diverse costs for same merchandise. Particularly, ash business sector happens where the global value contrasts surpass the expenses of transporting and offering products crosswise over fringes. Subsequently, gray market sector may be relied upon to level client costs of the same products in different markets, however contrasts would endure due to transport charges, levies, the expenses of gathering appropriation regulations, and assessments.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, there are numerous solutions accessible for tending to ash showcasing and its negative impacts for producers, wholesalers, and purchasers. Contingent upon the nature and qualities of the items, one may consider a trademark approach, a copyright methodology, or a contractual approach keeping in mind the end goal to manage the unapproved dispersion of products. Before starting an encroachment suit, there necessities to be an investigation of the great, its appearance, piece, bundling, and nation of birthplace or production, in addition to different attributes, to figure out which approach is generally alluring.
References
Ahmadi, R., Carr, S. M., & Dasu, S. (2010). Gray markets, demand uncertainty, and excess inventory. Marshall School of Business Working Paper No. FBE, 11-10.
Fernandes, C. (2013). Analysis of counterfeit fashion purchase behaviour in UAE. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 17(1), 85-97.
AlGhafri, A. (2013). The inadequacy of consumer protection in the UAE: the need for reform.
Aloul, F. A. (2010, November). Information security awareness in UAE: A survey paper. In Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2010 International Conference for (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Graphing Traffic Data Discussion Or Air Pollution
M7 Graphing Traffic Data Discussion Or Air Pollution
Introduction
This paper will address the issue on waste management with respect to the article landfills. In light to environmental degradation, many institutions, families and organization adopt the use of landfills to dispose off their waste. Environmental concerns arise on the level to which this causes harm to the environment.
Are landfills the best options for waste disposal?
The article discusses the use of landfills disposes uses quarries; borrow pits and mining voids that provide space for disposals. It gives respect to the set up of a hygienic landfill, its costs, which many institutions are not ready to adhere due to its purpose. The article highlights on the areas in which landfills are erected, and the environmental harm they cause. The issue on pollution is clear as landfills fill the air around with the foul smell received from the decomposing garbage. The article takes a look at the time factor on decomposition which attracts more environmental hazards. Rats are attracted to such sites, attracting snakes, which may cause harm, especially if the area is near a residential place.
According to Mansvelt (2010 ), pollution of water, air and soil is common with the use of landfills. Mixing of the contents in the landfill form various chemical components that may be harmful to the organizations. In the long run, rain water makes it dissolve into the soil lowering the quality of the land. It is difficult to keep control of the disposed materials as many of the materials are deposited in large amounts. The use of landfills gives room for dangerous chemicals to find way into waterways or the water table. Through geographical understanding the water table fills through sip page of rain water into the ground. Existence chemicals in landfills produce chemicals that dissolve in water, creating toxic chemicals. If this water is commercial used, it could lead to harmful diseases. Animals and insects create nuisance to human beings. Landfills attract mosquitoes, raccoons, cockroaches, rats and even seagulls. People living in environments that are near landfills may easily attract diseases carried by such animals. Landfill diseases make prone attacks to humans living near as continues contact with the environment creates a basic need in the continued support. Children born near large landfill dump site projects are likely to suffer from breathing and sight disorders. Studies from Mansvelt (2010 ) show that the likelihood of a child getting breathing disorders is at 50% compared to a child who is in a normal environment.
Analysis of the issue
Environmental degradation is a clear indication with the use of landfills. The article is a clear indication on the effects caused by global warming. Global warming effects are evident in today’s world. Continued rise in temperature, change in seasons and melting ice in the arctic’s can be attributed by landfills. Mansvelt 2010 states that landfills increase the chances of experiencing the effects of global warming as they release methane, which is a greenhouse gas. Accumulation of the landfills, hit by the direct rays of the sun releases the toxic gas. Landfills take up lots of space meant for animal habitats and human inhabitation. Continues growth of landfills comes with the need to have such eliminated. In environments where large landfills exists is prone to attract crime (Mansvelt, 2010 ).
Criminal offenders are people that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that they have no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level is lower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be more impulsive and shortsighted. These ties back in with crimes that are committed that provides easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarily have a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-term consequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered. The existences of landfills offer great hideouts for such people. These people with lower levels of self-control also engage in non-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, and illicit sexual activity. Also, drug use is a common act that is performed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs, while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomes an addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugs or them money to get the drugs (Mansvelt, 2010 ).
It is important to have this research done because it ensures that countries over the world get to know what the important factors they can benefit from taking the marketing and the environmental orientation approach in countries, this was studied by United Nations (2009). On completion of the research study it will benefit people including business men or students who would like to know how firms benefit from environmental orientation.
Sustainability of the environment can be defined as the capacity the business has enduring hard economic times as analysed by Adams (2006) in his report. It is an important measure in business because it shows how a business can fair in hard economic times and during the peak times when business picks up. Kenya as earlier mentioned is a business oriented country. It is important to note that oil is a resource that fluctuates in production level hence sustainability management is an important management tool to be considered. In relation to other countries firms the sustainability management can be scaled down to many concepts ranging from sustainability of economic sectors, other neighborhoods that could be in the same Environmental challenge discussed in the following aspects
Conclusion
Though the cheap option, it is absolutely of great importance to address this problem of global landfills. This is because first of all, as it has been stated in the introduction, it is a reality that cannot be denied no matter what because its effects are being felt at the moment by all those who are living on earth and all those who dispose- off materials after usage (Mansvelt, 2010, p.445). Secondly addressing this issue is humane as the environment is highly affected. Therefore, it is important to address the issue of landfills to ensure proper protection of the environment that we in-habit. Keeping it safe for the next generation is an important need to consider. The use of and disposable garbage need to venture into a more environment friendly method that will be safe for all the inhabitants on the planet (Mansvelt, 2010 ).
References
Mansvelt, J. (2010 ). Green Consumerism: An A-to-Z Guide. London : SAGE.