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To kill a mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird
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Introduction
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a book condemning the racial segregation policy that took place in a civilization filled with clichéd behaviour against the supporters of the lesser esteemed black Americans. Lee, who was among the overriding characters in the volume, expressed the happenings that transpired in Maycomb. The protagonist’s Atticus Finch efforts of disregarding the oppressing system were successful. As a professional lawyer, Atticus revealed the oppression in the society and presented measures that supported the incapable members of the society. The dominant race in Maycomb presented the rules and moral standards required to establish an effective system to deliver justice. Lee used Atticus Finch to develop the theme of racial equality, sacrifice and oppression within Maycomb town.
Mr. Finch managed to offer measures needed to present reformation within the system of government and develop positive behaviour within the family. His children Scout and Jem had been offered the measures needed in developing positivity and appreciation to limit the stigma developed towards the secretive Boo Bradley. These children pushed Atticus to generate measures that guided their moral behaviour to a different character as compared to the rest of the Maycomb citizens. The case against Tom Robinson saw Atticus complete the role of the protagonist in the attempt to defend the victim of racial injustice against Mayella Ewell. The case advanced with Atticus presented with the repercussions that resulted from the support he accorded to the coloured family. The hero persisted to defend the oppressed Robinson despite the false accusation in the rape case filed through Ewell.
Atticus’ family experienced stigma after the case, and this revealed that the Maycomb community regarded the African American community as the minority. Atticus had been an outright lawyer and believed that Robinson faced false accusations. The lawyer offered to defend equality in Maycomb and desired to achieve the balance between the black and white dwellers. The stigma developed led to the alienation of Finch family because of the ideologies to present justice. After the judgment in the case, Atticus failed to win the battle but convinced the town on the need to provide justice within the corrupt and prejudiced system.
Lee develops justice prevalence within the system that offers minimal opportunity for equality. Despite the failed attempt in gaining freedom for his client, Robinson, Atticus managed to present the influence on the need to attain revolution in an unjust system. Boo saved the Finches children from Mr. Ewell who sought to revenge against them for facing humiliation in the case. The lesson learnt by the American society at the time saw the achievement of success and equality through the action of the oppressed. Despite the court’s ruling against Robinson, Mr. Ewell faced justice after the silent Boo stabbed him to death in the attempt to save Scout and Jem.
Conclusion
Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird presented the protagonist Atticus Finch through the narrator Scout, his daughter. The themes that the leading character advanced realized the need for equality and freedom within a confined system. Atticus’ taught the moral lesson to his children on the need to present inequality and limit racial segregation. Atticus’ serves as the moral advisor in the need to develop a fair system of government and a stable family formulation. The oppression and imbalance in Maycomb realized rebellion from the case that Atticus challenged regarding Ewell’s rape claim.
References
Barra, A. (June 2010). What ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ Isn’t. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved
27 August 2012, from
<http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703561604575283354059763326.html>
Mancini, C. (2008). Racism in Harper Lee’s to Kill a Mockingbird. Orangeville: Paw
Prints.
The Examination and description of reasons supporting the practice of business sustainability.
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27th March, 2011.
Introduction
Entrepreneurs are increasingly becoming conscious of ethics and human rights as well as being economically, environmentally and socially dynamic and responsible. Various laws and other communal proposals are putting more pressure on businesses to develop ethical commercial practices, processes and actions (Kanji and Chopra 1).
The Examination and description of reasons supporting the practice of business sustainability.
There is a correlation between an entrepreneur’s social performance and its profitability. Businesses that pay attention to sustainability issues are more likely to be more profitable. Besides, the financial implications, there are other non-financial or social implications. For example, the businesses may be perceived differently by the public; which might hold them highly and thus attracting the customer’s loyalty. This is because the business has unique ethical values. The practice of sustainability within business organizations may also help in designing hands-on risk management strategies. Issues related to labor standards, health and even safety policies are more likely to be addressed by a business enterprise that pays attention to sustainability (Kanji and Chopra 2).
In addition, non-governmental organizations have been active in holding entrepreneurs responsible for their actions. The benefits are not only to the corporate, but to the society, and to the environment. Even further, there are some governments that require entrepreneurs to hold regular training of their employees on ethical issues (Kanji and Chopra 3).
Businesses that are geared towards sustainability may embark on ethical practices by improving workplaces; get concerned in building neighboring population and communicates with discontented communities; concerning the consequences of its policies and production. Such corporate also contributes to a safer and cleaner environment. The corporate may also engage in environmental protection and sustainability.
Distinguish between the two approaches to the aspect of moral status being assigned to animals.
Animal ethics is the methodical study of how we have to relate to animals. It touches on our responsibilities towards animals; and endeavors to set principles that serve to guide us on our moral responsibilities, actions and interaction with them (Mills 226).
Ethics is concerned about asking questions beyond what the law says and religions or social norms. It questions whether what we practice and believe in is actually what we are supposed to be doing? Daniel (226) asserts that Ethics is not coextensive with or identical to the law or religious convictions, but can inform both these spheres of human life. The two aspects of moral status being assigned to animals are:
Extension approaches; proponents of this approach contend that the moral status of animals depends on whether they have some important characteristics which include the capacity for pain or pleasure, self-awareness and future orientation projects and thus our duties owed to them (Mills 226).
Community-oriented approach; is in contrast with the first approach to the moral status of animals. Commnity-oriented approach holds that moral concepts, which is inclusive of moral status, are a function of moral enquiry and consensus negotiation and therefore should be, applied communally (Mills 228).
Conclusion
Corporate leadership can transform the world for the better and all financial entities should serve humanity by contributing to economic integrity for all. It is commonly agreed that business social responsibility is fundamental for its survival and success (Kanji and Chopra 9).
Businesses should put in place frameworks and procedures to identify, determine, supervise and manage the company’s moral and human resources strategies. In addition, it should assess socioeconomic trends and societal aspects of the corporation and to offer the required level of management and economic responsibility to institute a appropriate internal exposure system to monitor and manage social accountability and social investment. And lastly, the entrepreneurship should endeavor to provide environment protection and sustainability; and to respect the rights of humanity at large (Kanji and Chopra 11).
References
Kanji, G. and P. Chopra. “Total Quality Management.” Corporate social responsibility in a global economy
(2010): 1-7.
Mills, Daniel S. The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare. Cambridge: CABI, 2010.
To investigate which sweetener is best reactor for the yeast.
To investigate which sweetener is best reactor for the yeast.
Purpose of the experiment
To investigate the rates of reaction between sugars
To understand which sugar sweetener is the best reactor with yeast
Abstract
Yeast plays an important role in this energy cycle process. Yeasts are responsible for decomposition and hence recycling of nutrients in the environments. Therefore, when the yeast is placed in a solution containing sugar in an environment free of sugar there is multiplication of cells and sugar is converted to carbon dioxide and alcohol in a process called fermentation CITATION DAm89 l 1033 (Stewart., 1989). In this experiment we will determine the which of these sugars and sugar sweeteners best reacts with yeast in the process of fermentation. From the results obtained it was evident that maltose and glucose that there was no reaction since there is less sugar and 1% sweet and low solution got the highest rates since it has the highest content of sugar.
Introduction
Living organisms require energy for growth, development and maintenance. They have to make use of the genetic materials to help them regulate the various biological activities including the reproduction process. Yeast plays an important role in this energy cycle process. Yeast is a minute substance that is made up of living forms of unicellular eukaryotic. These living forms can break down carbohydrates into carbon monoxide and ethanol. Yeast is from the kingdom Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota. Their unique characteristic of being saprotrophs enables them to be able to get nutrients from the external environment by secreting the external enzymes. Yeasts are responsible for decomposition and hence recycling of nutrients in the environments. Yeast is used in the production of bread and alcoholic beverages. The cells in the yeast contain sugar in high concentrations which are fermented anaerobically to form alcohol and carbon monoxide. Therefore, when the yeast is placed in a solution containing sugar in an environment free of sugar there is multiplication of cells and sugar is converted to carbon dioxide and alcohol in a process called fermentation.
Sugar and sugar Sweeteners
These are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms with hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1. Carbohydrates are mostly found in sugars or other compounds that are non-crystalline such as cellulose and starches. Sugar sweeteners are chemically synthesized form of natural sugars. These sweeteners come in two types the natural sweeteners and the chemically synthesized sugars CITATION Mit08 l 1033 (Helen., 2008). The common test for these sugars is their sense of sweetness that is usually detected by the tongue taste buds and the brain assimilation activities. Most of these sugars have permitted for general food use while others mostly the artificially- synthesized one have been deemed not appropriate for consumption.
In this experiment we will determine the which of these sugars and sugar sweeteners best reacts with yeast in the process of fermentation. We will take different types of sugars and react them with yeast at a constant temperature and measure the gas produced as the solution decreases in the process. The solution with most sugars will produce the most gas (carbon dioxide) and will have the less solution at the end of the experiment. This will be the best sugar reactor with yeast.
Methods and materials
Materials
1% of Glucose 15ml of solution.
1% Maltose 15ml of solution.
1% Starch 15ml of solution.
1% Splenda 15ml of solution.
1% Equal 15ml of solution.
1% of Sweet & Low 15ml of solution.
0.5 grams of yeast
6 tests tubes
Thermometer
Stop watch
Methodology
In the six test tubes provided 1% of each of the test specimen was prepared to form a 15ml solution. Yeast was then added to each of the test tubes and the temperature of the test tubes were recorded using a thermometer. The tubes were placed in a water bath with a 35 degrees’ Celsius temperature with the thermometer used to regulate the temperature.
The tubes were left in a constant temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. with the thermometer used to regulate the temperature.
The tubes were checked after every seven minutes to monitor the reaction while monitoring the temperature to remain constant. The results of first seven minutes were recorded after an initial reaction The next column recorded the next seven minutes after subsequent reaction. The final column recorded the last seven minutes of the reaction ending at the 21st minute.
Results
The results from the experiment were recorded in the table below
SPECIMEN TIME TEMPERATURE RESULTS (ml)
0.5 grams of yeast 7 14 21 37 -0.1 3.1 7.7
1% of Glucose 7 14 21 37 0.0 0.0 0.0
1% Maltose 7 14 21 37 0.0 0.0 0.0
1% Starch 7 14 21 37 0.0 1.7 4.3
1% Splenda 7 14 21 37 0.1 2.1 5.0
1% Equal 7 14 21 37 0.0 1.4 4.0
1% of Sweet & Low 7 14 21 37 7.0 14 21
Discussion and conclusion
From the results obtained it is evident that
There was a steady rate of reaction observed on the 0.5 grams of yeast solution.
This is the basic enzyme reaction.
There was no reaction observed on the 1% glucose and 1% maltose solution.
The saturation of enzymes can be explained by molecules. The molecules of a monosaccharide sugar are too small as compared to a typical yeast enzyme. However, the larger ratio of sugar molecules to yeast enzymes leads to sugar molecules occupying every enzyme siteCITATION Gad59 l 1033 (Elmer, 1959). Therefore, this has no significant impact in the rate of reaction and thus no reaction was observed in the glucose and maltose.
There was a steady rate of reaction in the samples of 1 % starch 1% Splenda and 1% equal.
Starch and Splenda are polysaccharides with bigger sugar molecules compared to a typical yeast enzyme. This leads to a smaller ratio of sugar molecules to yeast enzymes leads to sugar molecules occupying every enzyme site and thus a higher reaction CITATION Gad59 l 1033 (Elmer, 1959).
The highest rates of reaction were recorded on the 1% sweet and low solution.
sweet and low solution contains many polysaccharides with bigger sugar molecules compared to a typical yeast enzyme. This leads to a smaller ratio of sugar molecules to yeast enzymes leads to sugar molecules occupying every enzyme site and thus a higher reaction CITATION Gad59 l 1033 (Elmer, 1959).
Conclusion
From the results obtained it was evident that
Maltose and glucose and other monosaccharides react least with yeast. The reaction is directly proportional to the number of sugar molecules a solution has and therefore polysaccharides react best with yeast.
Artificial sugars such as Splenda and sweet and low react highest with yeast.
Maltose and glucose are not the best reactors to yeast.
Artificial sugars Splenda and sweet and low are the best reactors to yeast.
The objectives of the study were achieved as the study was able to employ different techniques and got a result.
For future tests, the test should include an even broader range of samples and also the aspect of how temperature affects the rate of reaction should be investigated.
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Elmer, G. J., 1959. Fermentation process kinetics.. Journal of biochemical and microbiological technology and engineering, I(4), pp. 413-429.
Helen., M., 2008. Sweeteners and sugar alternatives in food technology.. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.
Stewart., D. T. I. R. a. G. G., 1989. Sugar utilization by yeast during fermentation.. Journal of industrial microbiology , 4(4), pp. 315-323.