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Global Warming Effect
Global Warming Effect
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Institution
Global Warming Effect
Since time immemorial, the earth’s surface and atmosphere have been heating up, but within a normal range of temperature. Over time, conditions have changed, and the temperatures surrounding the earth’s surface have rapidly increased to abnormal levels. Records reveal that the temperatures rose between 0.6° to 0.9° Celsius in 100 years, between 1905 and 2005 (Maslin, 2007). The revelation clearly shows the rapid change in temperature and the presence of an extensively influential factor. In addition, it also depicts of a continuous trend that will not end soon unless serious action is taken and mitigation strategies are implemented to reverse the occurrence. Studies reveal that man is the factor behind the continuous increase of the earth’s surface heat and his activities are the main contributors to global warming.
Global warming is an effect currently experienced on earth following the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The gases form a blanket that traps the sun’s heat, which, in turn, warms up the earth’s surface and atmosphere causing dire consequences. Man is to blame for the accumulation of greenhouse gases that are the source of the global warming process. Man’s activities that cause an increased release of greenhouse gases range from industrial to domestic, but all contribute to global warming.
Deforestation is a common activity among various communities and one that is contributing to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Urbanization is a leading reason for the increased rate of deforestation due to increased demand of land to develop and grow urban centers for commercial use. As such, they are sacrificing vegetation, which acts as a natural sink for the harmful greenhouse gases. Vegetation, including trees, takes in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. People and other animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Clearing vegetation leads to increased levels of carbon dioxide since the natural sinks for the gases are reducing while carbon dioxide emitters are increasing in number by the day.
Industrialization, which is also a man’s activity, involves the release of greenhouse gases that continue to accumulate in the atmosphere. It has indeed led to developments and has various benefits in the world, but it is to blame for the release of harmful gases. Industries often release waste gases into the atmosphere such as carbon, which is quite dangerous. The released gases combine and continue forming a thick covering in the atmosphere and accumulating more heat (Maslin, 2007). Despite the constitution of various environmental bodies to cater for the environment and enforce laws that protect the environment from global warming, industries are still emitting harmful gases. Consequently, the dangerous greenhouse gases continue to accumulate, and global warming continues.
Agriculture is a necessity among humans as it is the main source of food, without which they cannot survive. In order to sustain a healthy garden for the growth and maturation of the food products, chemical application is necessary to kill unwanted organisms. The chemicals are mainly applied through spraying, which is an effective means, but dangerous to the environment. Some of the fertilizers in use within the farms contain nitrogen oxide, which is a hazardous gas once emitted to the atmosphere. Its presence encourages the destruction of the ozone layer, which lets in excess sunlight and leads to an increased earth’s temperature (Maslin, 2007).
Global warming has profound effects on the earth and its occupants, which are advancing with the continuous increase of the earth’s temperatures. One of the noticeable changes taking place on the ecosystem is the melting of glaciers and ice on the Polar Regions and various mountaintops. Consequently, there is a rise in the sea level, causing rampant floods and erosion. The increased heat within the earth’s atmosphere has reached unbearable and abnormal levels such that the earth’s natural ice is melting. Permafrost from various regions around the globe is thawing because of the temperature changes. In turn, the thawing is leading to damages on the roads and sinkholes. Ice found in the Arctic Ocean is also diminishing at an extremely high rate owing to the increased temperature in the atmosphere. Clearly, man’s careless activities are taking a toll on the ecosystem and leading to its death.
Some areas have recorded extremely high temperatures to the extent of causing wildfires. The global warming effect is extending to various areas that have very high temperatures, which can light up fires that consume vegetation. Thus, vegetation, especially the wild one, is destroyed causing an accumulation of the harmful carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Man should take charge over his activities in order to reduce the global warming effects.
Man holds the answers to stopping global warming and his input is quite necessary in finding ways of reducing the accumulated greenhouse gases. Afforestation, for example, is an activity that man can undertake to increase vegetation that will utilize the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Additionally, man can also reduce the negative effects of industrialization by use of gas filters that eliminate harmful emissions. Human beings should realize that the negative effects of global warming eventually affect the people and rapid action is required to reduce the accumulation of harmful gases in the atmosphere (Maslin, 2007).
Reference
Maslin, M. (2007). Global warming: Causes, effects, and the future. Minneapolis, MN: MBI Publishing Company.
Global Teamwork And Management Through Network Technologies Are Now Available To All Companies, Large Or Small.
Global Teamwork And Management Through Network Technologies Are Now Available To All Companies, Large Or Small.
Virtual teams are very important aspects in a business organization and in many years it has promoted a rapid development and growth in many growing companies. Due to declining cost of virtual team technology and the increasing power of networks, more virtual teams are formed all the point in time and will be formed more in the coming years. Teams are the building blocks of every given organization, this is because the team members can work in different shifts as they are allocated and provides most companies with the talents and to recruit most skilled people available to achieve the set goals of the company. Therefore virtual teams are formed to obtain advantage of distributed time and expertise. Virtual teams are thus groups of people who work together by electronic means and meets occasionally to air out certain agenda that may
exist (Carolyn C. Wise pg 347).
In this case, members are not situated in similar physical places but they may be in different States, cities or even in different countries, virtual teams is significantly formed for the advantage of lowering the labor costs in different organizations. Examples of the virtual teams include people who work in a given geographical area and members of the project team who telecommute. In the recent days the nature of team members has changed, this is because of the changes in different organizations taking place. Many Organizations has rapidly developed and the relationships among people within the organization for example customers, collaborating organizations and other stakeholders are much of importance hence Successful teams make the companies to gain competitive advantage.
Formation of virtual teams has both its advantages and disadvantages, in that anything bringing members to a closer understanding should be a good thing even if it is via social networking technology on public or private networks, secondly, team members who are talented and skilled can avoid working in shifts but can work at the same time on the different projects which are specified to them. It also translates into a quicker time to market new products and technological innovations in the market. Virtual teams also lead to rise in productivity, as a result of individual flexibility as commute time is condensed and work schedule is not restricted to the normal traditional program. Geographically, detached teams enjoy direct access to diverse market opportunities, rather when work teams are positioned in different locations in the world; it allows institutions to have a direct market existence with clients worldwide. The other advantage is that, the business organizations benefits from great reduce costs as a result of huge decline in travel expenses amounting to immense cost savings. There is an improved job satisfaction brought about by a virtual team building process. Lastly, workers are permitted to work often hence they become contented with their jobs. This is because they have direct control over the number of hours spent in their work places. It translates into better individual performance.
On the other hand there are various disadvantages to the formation of the virtual teams in that, team members do not only communicate by words but they use gestures and mimicry, in this case these members cannot communicate virtually well as in real meetings. Another disadvantage is the problem of communication efficiency; several studies and research show that what people say to one another is not based on the verbal language they speak but are based on non-verbal language.
Poor Leadership Management is also a disadvantage to the virtual teams, for example poor leadership may cause teams to fail even if it is physical or digital ,this issue is sensitive when dealing with virtual teams, in the other hand many managers of the virtual teams are poor communicators and has got no good leadership qualities since they don’t response to the message to messages as it is supposed to be and cannot make a good decision to themselves in terms of setting ways in which the project should function. A good leadership should know what is right and what is wrong or what should be done to meet the organizations goals and objectives. A good leadership should also be in a position of helping the team members on any issues that may arise and set the members to follow the right path as he or she acts as the role model to the people but they need not to take them into his or her own wishing destination without the whereabouts of the team members. The quality of a good leadership for the virtual team plays an important role in its success of failure, for a project to become successful everyone within the organization should know their roles and skilled in all areas which they are expert in and should never challenge team leader of the project.
Another disadvantage which is led by the formation of virtual teams is the problem of incompetent team members. All Virtual team members should be competent since the project may be doomed to fail if the members are not competent. Team members should not be lazy or be slow on duties they are assigned, these make members of the team to lose morale in what they do hence poor performance in the organization. Even though the formation of virtual teams has got both its benefits and disadvantages, it still has some challenges. Research shows that as much as communication occurs among people, these are the same things other than the actual words that are still used. Many people still use body movements and facial expressions than they say it in words. Examples of body gestures include voice tone, body language and the speed in which one speaks (Ricki W. Griffin pg 173).
Communication failure has also been a challenge to the virtual teams. In digital world non-verbal communication often existed hence misinterpretation is highly to occur when it comes to terms of communication for example one can write and send an email to a friend but this email sent can be interpreted differently by the one whom the email has been sent to. In business, effective communication is very important and by any chance it happens that the team members are not in a position to communicate with each other efficiently then there could be a very good chance that the project might fail or may end up in a disaster. Virtual team members should have high ability to construct a good relationship.
Other challenges can be limited ability to build relationships among the virtual teams and this is the biggest challenge which happens to separate the members of the virtual teams. It sometimes happen to be very difficult on building a relationship with other team members or getting to know other team members in details this is because there sometimes happens to be no enough time to get to know each other on a personal basis. Poor building of team relationship occurs only when there are many team members and these team members are assigned to do multiple projects without getting a chance to get to know more people whom they work with.
Another challenge to the formation of the virtual teams is the distant communication complexity. Things which happen to be very simple for traditional teams happen to be more of difficult to the virtual team. In some cases, Scheduling of meetings in traditional team is easier this is because the team members live in the same area as compared to scheduling of meeting in virtual teams which is very difficult this is because, one will have to set the time zones of every country to comply with the team members who are from different geographical areas, cities, states and different countries. Take for instance if one of the team members in Singapore and the other team member comes from St. Louis, one member will be sleeping while the other member will be a wake by that time hence this will make putting together a team for a meeting to be difficult(Mohini Singh pg 192).
Another challenge of virtual teams is building trust. Can it be really possible for the team members to deliver the outcome just as they would in face-to-face? This question has been a challenge to the virtual teams and if so can members have trust in one another while doing what they had planned to do. It has been noticed that, most companies often invest in bringing a virtual team together so that members get to know each other and trust one another
Finally, communication is very important in virtual teams, communication can be done by use of e-mail, phone calls, conference calls, or project management tools that help organize work. If individuals in a virtual team are not fully engaged and tend to avoid conflict, team performance can suffer. Essentially, the document remains available for team members to access and amend at any time. The most famous example is Wikipedia, which is gaining traction as a way to structure project work globally and get information into the hands of those that need it. Virtual teams are a basic foundation of a business organization in that they are an essential aspect in the development of a business organization. This is the vital reason why they are recommended in the business fraternity world in the future. Business organizations requires conducive environment for the implementation of their strategies in the market thus necessitating the need for the building teams. Lastly, communication being important aspects encourages communication among the business fraternity and the clientele base. This is easily made possible by the virtual teams as they enhance relationships in the business world.
Work cited
Carolyn C.Wise, Stephanie Hauser. The Business School Buzz Book. London: Vault Inc.,, 2007.
Ricky W. Griffin, Gregory Moorhead. Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. New York: Cengage Learning, 2011.
Susan Segal-Horn, David Faulkner. Understanding global strategy: London: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010
Mohini Singh, Dianne WaddellEditorsMohini Singh, Dianne Waddell. E-business innovations and change management. New York: Idea Group Inc, 2004.
Daft, Kendrick, M., Vershinina, N. Management-International. London: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010.
Global Security – Internal Conflict Paper
Global Security – Internal Conflict Paper
Author
Institution
Internal conflict is a major problem in different countries or regions. Internal conflicts can be contributed by different factors, which include religion, culture, political environment or even economic issues. Most countries have experienced internal conflicts as a result of the above causes or other contributions. However, the United Nations has a role to play in uniting individuals in a given area as a result of its peacekeeping mission and responsibility of keeping other nations secure. In this assignment, internal conflict in Burma will be discussed and the role of the United Nations in the peacekeeping mission.
The internal conflict in Burma is one of the longest global running civil, which began after the nation attained its independence in 1948. Successive governments of Burma have fought a myriad of political and ethnic rebellions. Therefore, the causes of the internal conflict in Burma have not been converging, but divergent.
One of the causes of the internal conflicts in Burma is religion. Religion has played a key role in initiating conflicts in Burma; the situation in Burma degenerated after the instatement of Buddhism as the nation’s official religion. The conflict emerged as a result of not addressing the rights of Christians and other religions (Bercovitch & DeRouen, 2011). All individuals have the right to follow their beliefs and no one should stop them from practicing their faith. However, the situation was different in Burma since people could not feel free in following their faith. This did not go well with them, and as a result, there was a rebellion. Under federalism, certain groups had superior powers than others as enshrined in the nation’s constitution. This made different groups to oppose the move as they demanded their rights. This could not be addressed in a positive move as conflict was involved as people tried to seek their rights. Hence, the right to religion contributed to the internal conflict in Burma. The nation tried to seek unity by uniting all citizens through one religion; however, this was exceedingly difficult since different people of the nation professed different religions. It is remarkably cumbersome to unite people through one religion given the difference in human nature to seek varied faith (Bercovitch & DeRouen, 2011). Although successive governments tried to establish one religion as the dominant religion, in the nation, it was difficult for people to follow one religion, which resulted in religious conflict. The consideration of Buddhism as the dominant religion, while other religions still existed was a chief contributor to conflict. Hence, the right to religion contributed to the internal conflict in Burma.
Another root cause of the conflict in Burma was ethnic differences. The nation constituted of three primary ethnic nationalities namely; Karen, the Arakan and Mon people. These were regarded as the Burma proper. These ethnic groups were not invited officially to the Panglong conference. In fact, they were represented by General Aung San as Burma proper people. The future of the dominant ethnic groups, especially the Karen who had demanded a separate state, was not properly addressed at the Panglong conference. This instigated the first shot of ethnic conflict, which was as a result of a difference in state formation. It is always regarded as vital to consider all the ethnic makeup of a country in planning for a country’s future development. When an ethnic group is left out in the national planning, there is always a reaction from the group as it seeks its right of inclusion. This was not different in Burma as different ethnic groups became involved in ethnic conflicts as they sought the right of inclusion in the nation’s future planning. Conflicts based on the ethnic involvement in the nation’s development is still an issue up to date since different ethnic groups feel that they are not involved as part of the nation. The internal conflict resulted because the nation wanted to assume one ethnicity, which was not feasible due to the different ethnic groups that existed in the nation.
Apart from religious and ethnic differences, political development is also another root cause of internal conflict in Burma. There is a conflict between the ethnic nationalities and the government. After independence, there was a misconception between nation building and state building. Different ethnic groups considered the formation of states after the gaining of independence; however, the political ground did not support the formation of states, but the development of the nation as one (Bercovitch & DeRouen, 2011). This did not go well will the political environment of the time as people sought the creation of states, which the government did not implement. The government implemented nation building process due to forced assimilation by the successive governments. The successive governments did not follow the will of the people since there was the notion of creating one nation having one religion, one ethnicity and one language. This was contrary to the will of the people since they wanted an all inclusive government, which constituted all the ethnic groups; they felt that the government had political interest in one group and did not consider their needs of creating states, where different ethnic groups could have their states (In Raghavan et al, 2011). Besides, the constitutional powers were such that they discriminated against certain minority groups while considering the rights of the dominant groups. This was a political problem because the arms of the government were involved in the making of different policies followed by the nation. In addition, the constitutional rights were different for different groups in the nation as a result of political dominance.
In addition, cultural difference contributed to the internal conflict in Burma. Because of the different ethnic groups that the nation has, there was difference in culture, which was also contributed by the differences amid the ethnic groups. As different groups claimed to be dominant in a certain culture that could be recognized in the entire nation, there emerged a conflict since no group wanted its culture to lie behind of others (Smith et al, 2007). Hence, as different groups wanted to have their culture recognized, they engaged other dominant groups in conflict.
As part of its peacekeeping mission, the United Nations had a role to play in the internal conflict of Burma. One of the roles that the United Nations played was providing amicable solutions to the ethnic groups in the nation. Since the UN wanted to contain the situation in the country, it used its arms to curb the ethnic differences; however, this did not work. Another role that the UN was involved in was providing the citizens with food and shelter as a way of ending the clashes. In addition, the UN lifted sanctions to the country as a way of ending the internal conflict.
References
Bercovitch, J., & DeRouen, K. R. (2011). Unraveling internal conflicts in East Asia and the Pacific: Incidence, consequences, and resolutions. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Smith, M., Institute of Southeast Asian Studies., & East-West Center Washington. (2007). State of strife: The dynamics of ethnic conflict in Burma. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
In Raghavan, V. R., Centre for Security Analysis (Chennai, India), & Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. (2011). Internal conflicts in Myanmar: Transnational consequences. New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.