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The Cloning Technology

The Cloning Technology

The cloning technology is not completely developed thereby it is considered as unsafe mode and it could be prone to abuse and has a concern on the way individuals can integrate with the society. In future technology should improvise and invent a new mode to replace cloning since it is not acceptable in the society. Cloning is a very unsafe matter that society may not be willing and ready for.  Human cloning has so many ethical issues that make it so impossible to happen. The major issue is its purpose in which is done to create tissues and other organs to treat patients who cannot acquire transplants. After the cloning humans organs have been extracted, and then it is destroyed since its purpose has been accomplished.

The society feels that human cloning should be discontinued since animal experiments leads to many failures and a high rate of abnormalities since they are intended for a transplant purpose. The pregnancies result in live birth. This causes too many fears to the society and even the cloned human feel they are not normal since they were not naturally born. Religious groups oppose therapeutic cloning since they refer it as usurping God’s place and the embryos used being viewed as destroying human life. Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due cloned animal suffering due to malformations before them dying.

Cloning is very expensive and it is difficult for the society to afford and accept it. The people affected are those who have problems such as infertility or need transplant of an organ. These people can do anything for them to lead a normal life. Therefore the society can disagree on the cloning but the decision is made by the individuals wanting transplants and reproductions. If the individuals who make decisions believe in individual rights having dominance over the society then genome mapping and cloning will be prohibited and end of life issues will be decided by the individuals whose lives are ending. However, if the people charged with making decision believe in the society over the rights of individuals then genome mapping and cloning will be practiced enthusiastically believing that they can develop the human situation and that this overshadows the trampling of individual rights which shall occur.

Reference

Kfoury C. Therapeutic cloning: promises and issues. Mcgill J Med. 2007 Jul;10(2):112-20. PMID 18523539

The Clipboard Tablet Co

The Clipboard Tablet Co

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Product review PAGEREF _Toc381182676 h 1Financial review PAGEREF _Toc381182677 h 2Market review PAGEREF _Toc381182678 h 3Proposed alternate strategy PAGEREF _Toc381182679 h 5

There are three different tablets currently being produced by clipboard Tablet Company these are X5, X6 and X7.My main goal as the VP of marketing at Clipboard tablet company is to review these three products in the past four to six years and critically examine them in terms of the way the products have been developed, their sales ,their pricing and how they have performed against their competition. After this review I should come up with a new strategy for the products.

Product reviewX5 is a product that has a plastic case; it costs $250 and has been in the market for about three years now. It has remained stagnant at a stage of maturity and shakeup in the three years it has been in the market. Market research done on X5 shows that customers are not quite worried about the performance of this rather old tablet when compared to X6 and X7.X6 is a product that has a flat metal case costing $400 and has been in has existed in the market for about two years. Its market research indicates that customers have concerns on its performance and not exactly the price of the product. This means that customers decisions on whether or not to purchase the product are based on their considerations of its quality.X7 is a product with a case that is colored costing $ 200 and it quite new since it has been in the market for close to a year. Market research on X7 shows that the customers have concerns on both the price as well as its performance (Catherine, 2011).

Financial reviewThese three different products are different when their financial analysis is done. The former VP had set prices as well as research and development budgets which were meant to be constant between 2012 and 2015.These financial projections are indicated below

X5 FINANCIALS

year revenue Total cost Total profitability

2012 492,861,819 348,939,108 29%

2013 378,331,427 286,271,536 24%

2014 186,025,046 181,047,289 3% 24%

2015 137,927,070 154,729,529 -12%

X6 Financials

year revenue Total costs Total profitability

2011 786,851,911 347,514,430 33%

2012 809,316,039 544,485,167 33%

2013 343,283,703 255,988,959 25%

2014 237,731,058 190,646,845 20%

X7 financials

Year Revenue Total costs Total profitability

2012 43,411,367 56,617,344 30%

2013 61,833,138 56,617,344 -1%

2014 87,444,976 70,166,147 20%

2015 122,312,118 80,894,498 34%

The former VP’s projected financials indicate that the revenue as well as the total costs of X5 is expected to decrease as the years go by. It also shows that that profits to the company from X5 are equally expected to go down between 2012 and 2015.The same is expected from X6, the revenues and costs are going down between 2012 and 2015.The profitability of X6 is also expected to decrease but not as much as that of X5.X7 on the other hand is expected to have an increase in costs and revenues. The profits from X7 are also expected to go up (Catherine, 2011).

Market reviewThere was also a market review that he conducted which entails the market saturation of the particular product, the new sales that are made from the product as well as repeated sales from the products. The tables show the market reviews for the three products of the years 2011 to 2015.

X5

Year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 31% 94% 64%

2012 54% 21% 72%

2013 80% 48% 23%

2014 9% 20% 51%

2015 100% 3% 26%

X6

Year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 16% 147% 126%

2012 37% 104% 60%

2013 67% 78% 3%

2014 95% 40% -58%

2015 100% 4% -31%

X7

year Market saturation New sales Repeat sales

2011 2% – –

2012 3% 45% 43%

2013 4% 44% 42%

2014 6% 4% 44% 41%

2015 8% 44% 39%

The market review indicate that all the products will be fluctuating when it comes to their saturation in the market, the number of new sales as well as the number of repeat sales. Since X5 and X6 are already known by customers due to their longer existence in the market it is expected that by 2015 they would have completely saturated the market as opposed to X7 which is a new product and the customers are still getting to know it.

Proposed alternate strategyAn alternative strategy is therefore needed so as to ensure that the company reaps maximum benefits from the three products independently.X5 has been in the market for three years which means that it already has an established niche. However, so as to achieve the company’s goal the niche has to be increased through the use of various promotional strategies. It will also require that X5 is tested so as to ensure that the customers raise no concern on its performance.X6 has been in the market for two years (peters, 2009).The new model X7, raises issues of both performance and price and therefore there should be comprehensive strategies in place which will ensure that the sales will be increased and at the same time acquire a large market share. In the year 2012, X7 showed a decline in its profits and the trend is seen to continue due to the application of poor strategies. Despite the fact that there is an increase in revenue there is still for a change in strategy since X7 is fairly new in the market. There should also be an increase in saturation of all the three models. This is because if all the products are well saturated in the market there will be more sales made from new as well as repeat customers’ .This will eventually bring the profits from the three products up considerably (Brainmass, 2011).

Therefore different results can be achieved depending on the operation strategies as well as the decisions that will be made. First if the company’s performance when it comes to the three products has to be improved there should be changes made with the prices of the commodities as well as changing their R&D .From the market information it is indicated that the levels of sales of X5 are the highest followed by X6 and X7.Therefore in order to get maximum profits more resources will need to be allocated to X5 and less to X6 and X7.If the price stimulations are done appropriately then there would be an increase in profits from the three products between 2012 and 2015.More funds should therefore be allocated to research and development so that the market saturation of all the three products can be achieved. This strategy of stimulation can stimulate the products into their growth phase.X7 has a very high potential when it comes to customers and hence there should be strategies in place which will ensure that the sales levels of the product are increased (Brainmass, 2011).

At the end of 2012 X6 has a market saturation of 16% this is an indication that it is a the growth stage of its life cycle, this means that the product should still get allocations of R&D as well as get appropriate pricing. The pricing strategy that should be used is penetration meaning that its price should be brought down to ensure that it is made more competitive.X6 has been marketed as the leader when it comes to its technology. This means that there is need to invest highly on R&D to ensure that it stays as the market leader. since X7 is at the stage where it is being introduced in its lie cycle, it should be marketed as a price leader.

References

Brainmass.(2011). Tablet Development Company – Joe Schmoe Report.retrieved April 11,2013 from http://brainmass.com/business/other/449962Catherine,W.(2011).Buisness strategy.retrieved April 11,2013 from http://www.articlesalley.com/article.detail.php/136241/208/Article_Writing/Writing/29/Business_StrategyJohnson,W. (2002). Harvard business review on advances in strategy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Peters.S (2009). Harvard business review on corporate strategy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.

The Civil War

The Civil War

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Course

Date

In the mid-19th century, the Norther and Southern America started conflicting and there was a tension between these two regions. The states started seceding while the union was separating. The Northern part was equipped with industries and factories while the people of the South specialized in farming and utilised slaves to work in these farms (Stampp, K. M. (Ed.). 1986). The two sides started drifting and alienating each other and within a short period they ended up in a war that was called the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln was the president then and he thought the war would not las more than three months but the war took years before coming to an end.

Among the causes of civil war was slavery where the North were against slavery while the South depended on slaves as a source of labour. Slavery was the central conflict that led to other reasons that further divided the two sides. First the north viewed slavery as immoral act by the Southern Whites where these slaves had rights too. The Northern region thus discouraged the south from enslaving the people of colour. The South was not willing to free the slaves who were over 350,000 in number (Stampp, K. M. (Ed.). (1986). The South wanted to expand their territory of slavery to the North but this was in vain since the Western territories of the North were strictly hiring white labour and not at any point were they for the idea of hiring the blacks in the name of cheap labour.

There were federal laws in place which were against the idea of slavery, due to this the South wanted to forcefully take authority from the federal government where they would then put an end to the laws that undermined slavery. The Republican party was formed where the members were strongly against slavery and the expansion of slave labour into the west. The republican party started gaining members and in 1861 Abraham Lincoln was nominated to vie for presidency. Without a single vote from the South Lincoln managed to win which made the south realize that power was no longer on their side and Lincoln was going to fight had to see slavery was abolished (Stampp, K. M. (Ed.). (1986). Since the South no longer had influence on the North and felt excluded from the regions political system they decide to secede which then led to the two regions going into war.

The bloody war between the South and the North came to an end in May 1965 where the North won. The North won the war because of several reasons, where first it was well established with industries which produced fire arms and iron which was used in fighting the war. The North also gained support from other countries which felt slavery was depriving the back people their rights. One major contribute g factor to the north winning the war was the larger population of over 22 million people thus could get people to recruit into their army and navy to fight the war (Hattaway, H., & Jones, A. 1991). The navy and the army was well equipped with weapons.

The South who majorly depended on farming hoped that France and Britain would purchase their cotton to help them get funds to purchase weapons but this did not happen since these countries had their own cotton. Many Blacks latter escaped to the North and were recruited in the Northern army also did gave the North more strength and chances of winning against the south (Hattaway, H., & Jones, A. 1991). The North fought tirelessly which saw the south make different strategies and their armies surrendering one after the other. In April 9th 1865 the Lee’s confederate army was the last to surrender which left the South with no option than to give up and the North won the war.

The blacks’ participation in the war led to the economic position improving however this did not last longer. The African Americans were freed from slavery and to add on this they were allowed to vote in any democratic events including elections. Also the economic situation of the blacks improved whereby they had received some money as a result of participating in the Northern army (Foner, E. 1987). During the emancipation period the blacks took the advantage and went to the class to learn and as a result of being literate they were able to later acquire better jobs than slavery which improved their living standards.

However, the idea of White supremacy in the south did not come to an end. After the end of civil war despite Lincolns efforts to end slavery and oppression of the black race in the South the whites did retain their supremacy through reconstruction. In this period the White formed political groups that they could be identified with and oppressed the blacks. The went ahead and formed laws that codified inequality. These groups used violence to oppress and intimidate the black community and by 1877 at the end of reconstruction the White supremacy was known and the blacks continued to be submissive to the whites’ ideologies since they were inferior.

In conclusion from the idea of white supremacy we can conclude that the Civil War helped to end slavery but racism would continue afterwards. The Whites in the South discriminated against the blacks and made them feel inferior in any way possible due to bitterness after having lost on the idea of slavery.

References

Foner, E. (1987). Rights and the Constitution in Black Life during the Civil War and Reconstruction. The Journal of American History, 74(3), 863-883.

Hattaway, H., & Jones, A. (1991). How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. University of Illinois Press.

Stampp, K. M. (Ed.). (1986). The Causes of the Civil War. Touchstone.