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The analysis of the article ‘Direct Discrimination, Indirect
The analysis of the article ‘Direct Discrimination, Indirect Discrimination, and Autonomy,’ Written by Oran Doyle and Published on May 29, 2007, by Oxford University Press
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Introduction
The article ‘Direct Discrimination, Indirect Discrimination, and Autonomy,’ Written by Oran Doyle and Published on May 29, 2007, by Oxford University Press, addresses how direct and indirect discrimination against African American people is displayed in society. The author describes it as the issues black people continue to face in society because of their identity. According to Doyle, the African American community faces discrimination from different angles and nearly all sectors, hence being inevitable for them (Doyle, 2007). The author claims that these issues negatively affect black people, and attention should be paid to prevent further damage to this marginalized group. More often than not, they are subjected to physical, mental, and emotional torture, and it can be overwhelming to them. This paper will look into the direct and the indirect ways society discriminates against the African American People community and how it affects them.
According to Doyle, African American people are at constant war with the government and society, whether directly or indirectly. They lack the support and recognition they deserve as American citizens. As we learned from the class topics, society is always stereotypical about black people’s existence and always associated them with ancient slavery that resulted in them being in the country in the first place. I agree with the article that black people’s efforts, values, and contributions to society are usually ignored and unappreciated. It can be discouraging and demoralizing (Doyle, 2007). They lack a sense of belonging in their community for this reason. It is hazardous and can lead to severe consequences like depression, low self-esteem, and fear of free self-expression. Some individuals get too overwhelmed and end up committing suicide.
Racial discrimination can be expressed directly or indirectly. Direct racial discrimination is the most common way of racial discrimination. People of color are treated worse in various situations than a white person would have been treated in the same conditions (Pager et al., 2008). Law enforcers play a vital role in spreading racial discrimination. They tend to lean more on the white community when it comes to law enforcement. There have been cases and reports of police using excessive force when handling African American individuals (Bales et al., 2003). Such police officers get away with these evils because the system is corrupt and always supports them. If a black person reports a harassment case, they are accused of playing the victim; hence no action is taken to defend or get them the justice they deserve. Many white criminals get away with their acts for this reason.
People of color experience indirect discrimination in society in various ways. One of them is employment opportunities. Big and established companies tend to absorb fewer people of color as their employees (Wingfield et al., 2020). They are stereotypical about black people being criminals. Companies assume that black people are aggressive and violent thus not fit to work in their organizations. Some employers go ahead and put salt to the wound by claiming people of color create an unsafe working environment. They feel uncomfortable working with people of color, predominantly black people in their companies.
Furthermore, organizations always assume black people, especially black women, are illiterate and lack the excellent skills required to perform workplace tasks. It doesn’t allow them to showcase their skills, knowledge, and talents in different fields. Most organizations in America have a third of their employees as people of color (Bales et al., 2003). The rest of the slots are reserved for white citizens. These statistics are pretty disappointing, bearing in mind that we are in the 21st century, and the world, particularly the job industry, has gone through changes over the years. It is an eye-opener that more needs to be done to incorporate more black people into labor. Establishing and implementing policies geared towards eliminating the ethnicity box in job application forms could be a good start in this journey.
People of color, having struggled to get absorbed into companies, face the challenge of climbing the promotion ladder. Promotion opportunities pass them not because they are not qualified but because their skin is black (Doyle, 2007). They are forced to maintain the same position in their workplace for years. For fear of getting sucked, African American employees choose not to address the issue and continue working in the same place. Some have, however, voiced their concerns and defended themselves to their employers.
When it comes to students’ admission to schools in America, the child’s race is also considered, which should not be the case. Some schools still deny student admission because of their race. School administrations deny children from black ethnicities from being part of their institutions. According to them, such students come with a lot of baggage. They link children from black communities to violence, poverty, and low moral standards (Baak, 2019). One would wonder why such inconsiderate and unrealistic conclusions would be made in the 21st century. Administrators are supposed to be the ones spearheading and promoting racial equality in society. They understand that it starts from changing the mindset of people on equality right from a young age. Accepting more children of color would mean a lot not only to society but also to the children. They are just ignorant and refuse to play their role.
The dominant races have contributed to the racial discrimination in society. Dominant races could use their dominance to help eliminate discrimination, but they choose to keep quiet and watch their fellow citizens discriminated against for their color. Some are even obsessed with the idea of being dominant and encourage or participate in racial discrimination (Baak, 2019). They are among the first people to call the police at the sight of a black person. It gets worse when parents from dominant races prohibit their children from interacting with black children. These children pick up these small acts and traits, influencing their character and perspective of black people. Eventually, they end up discriminating against people of color. Had the right thing been done by the parents from dominant races, children would have the right influence and embrace people of color.
Social media has also played a vital role in propagating racial discrimination. In as much as social media platforms come to the rescue of the marginalized communities in America, it has also contributed to racial discrimination in various ways (Burt et al., 2012). These platforms tend to praise elements in society that are aligned with the white people. For instance, they propagate and encourage a lighter skin complexion, especially for women (Pager et al., 2008). People with a lighter skin tone are portrayed as beautiful and perfect on social media. Looking at it from this angle depicts discrimination against people of color. It is a part of their life they have no control over. Their skin is their identity. To not recognize and appreciate their skin means discriminating against them.
The social setup of America is a clear representation of how people of color face discrimination. Most white people live in American parts that are well maintained and have access to essential amenities (Pager et al., 2008). Facilities like hospitals, schools, and shopping centers are modern and well equipped. They have good infrastructure and prompt emergency responses. On the other hand, the marginalized people live in American regions that are considered poor. There is a lot of insecurity, and facilities like hospitals are difficult to access. In addition, schools in these regions of the country have inadequate equipment and resources to facilitate learning. Public schools are overpopulated, making the ratio of students to teachers disproportionate. Issues in the black community are a lot, yet the government chooses to overlook them and focus on the dominant race. Their infrastructure is also underdeveloped. All these characteristics validate that racial discrimination exists and it is a serious issue.
Conclusion
Racial discrimination is an issue that affects society negatively hence requires immediate attention from all groups of people, starting from the government to an ordinary citizen. People should take it upon themselves and be part of the change. Policies and strategies against racial discrimination should be established and implemented to eradicate racial discrimination. The African American community should stand up against their oppressors and fight for their right to equality. Representatives of these marginalized communities need to initiate programs to help solve the racial discrimination problem.
References
Baak, Melanie. “Racism and othering for South Sudanese heritage students in Australian schools: Is inclusion possible?” International Journal of Inclusive Education 23.2 (2019): 125-141.
Bales, Kevin et al. Dimensions of Racism. Office Of the United Nations Commissioner for Human Rights, 2003, pp. 30-65, https://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/dimensionsracismen.pdf, Accessed October 29, 2021.
Burt, C. H., Simons, R. L., & Gibbons, F. X. (2012). Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience. American
Oran Doyle. (2007). Direct Discrimination, Indirect Discrimination, and Autonomy. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27(3), 537–553. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4494598
Pager, Devah, and Hana Shepherd. “The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets.” Annual review of sociology vol. 34 (2008): 181-209. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131740
Wingfield, Adia Harvey, and Koji Chavez. “Getting in, getting hired, getting sideways looks: Organizational hierarchy and perceptions of racial discrimination.” American Sociological Review 85.1 (2020): 31-57.
The American School in Switzerland
The American School in Switzerland
English Grammar, Composition, and American Literature
Ms. Clark
FINAL EXAMINATION
Expectations:
You will have 90 minutes to complete this exam.
This exam will be broken into TWO PARTS. Part One is three sections of grammar. Part Two will be three passage identifications and a comparison paragraph about The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. When you are completely finished with the first part, you can raise your hand to turn it in and receive the second part. During the second part of the exam, you may use your book: Death of a Salesman. Once you turn in Part One, you will not be able to get it back. Check your work carefully before turning it in.
You should not need any external resources to complete this exam. At the start of the examination, please turn in your phones, in addition to any other devices that may go off or prove to be a distraction.
Please complete the exam in pen or pencil.
If you do not know the answer, please try your best; you will be awarded partial credit.
Exam Part One: no books, no notes
I. Passive and Active Voice, Direct and Indirect Speech, Gerunds and Infinitives
Step One: Read this silly story. Then, answer the questions below in order to show your understanding of passive and active voice, direct and indirect speech, gerunds and infinitives.
It was an accident. Leonardo and Giacomo weren’t planning on creating a radioactive burger. It wasn’t easy to do. But Leo left a full pile of meat from Sara Li under his bed. Then, Giacomo spilled three whole cans of Red Bull on top. Whatever chemical reaction happened was toxic and thus created a monster. One day, the burger stood up. The next day, it started wandering around the room. Leonardo and Giacomo thought the best course of action was to flee to Italy. The third day, the burger walked out of the empty apartment, wandered down the street, and knocked on Konstantin’s door. When Konstantin opened the door, he wasn’t surprised; he always knew something was weird about the meat at Sara Li. Konstantin said, “hey little buddy! I will name you Buggy Burger.” Konstantin then gave Buggy his key card and sent him down to Giorgio’s room. Unfortunately, by this time, Buggy was feeling very hungry. Giogio had eaten a whole pack of gummy worms, and was passed out in a food coma. Buggy Burger thought to himself “Oh, yummy!” While Giorgio was sleeping, Buggy Burger started to eat him. At just that moment, Sviat barged in the room. “Giogio!” he screamed. But he was too late. Resurrecting was not an option. Buggy Burger ate Giorgio. As revenge, Sviat ate Buggy.
Step Two: Circle and label:
One infinitive (to do)
One gerund (ressurecting)
One noun clause (Whatever chemical reaction happened)
Step Three: Write FOUR sentences using passive voice that summarize this story.
Creating a radioactive burger wasn’t planned by Leonardo and Giacomo.
A full pile of meat from Sara Li was left under the bed by Leo.
Three whole cans of Red Bull were spilled on top of the meat pile by Giacomo.
Fleeing to Italy seemed like the best course of action by Leonardo and Giacomo.
Step Four: Write TWO examples of indirect speech based on the quotations (direct speech) in this story.
Konstantin greeted the burger and said that he would name it Buggy Burger.
Buggy Burger thought to himself that Giogio was yummy.
Step Five: Write a two sentence summary of this story. Your first sentence should use a gerund, and your second sentence should use an infinitive.
Creating a radioactive burger was not part of Leonardo and Giacomo’s plan.
Leonardo and Giacomo decided to go to Italy to escape the whole mess they had created.
II. Grammar Review: Full Year – Identification
Directions: Read these small excerpts. Then, answer the questions that follow each except, identifying different grammatical constructions and critiques.
Reading Number #1: For graduation, female students should wear white. Ms. Hope gave Pia approval for her dress. Pia quickly ran back to Lanterna. Whoever does not get their outfit approved will not be able to walk at graduation.
What is the modal in this reading?
Should
What is the indirect object in this reading?
Pia
What is the noun clause in this reading?
female students should wear white
Name an adverb in this reading:
ran
Name one preposition in this reading:
to
What is the verb tense of “will not be able”?
Simple future tense
Reading Number #2: While waiting for school to end, Isabella had been getting excited for her summer of backpacking through Europe. However, when she realized she would have to pack her entire life into her backpack, which was just a small school bag, she started to get nervous. Sunny saw her doing this and said “I don’t think this is going to work.” Isabella threw all her clothes back on the floor and decided to book a flight instead.
What is the verb tense in “had been getting excited”?
Past perfect progressive/continuous
What is the adjective clause in this reading?
which was just a small school bag
Turn the direct speech in this reading into indirect speech:
Sunny saw Isabella struggling to pack and told her that he didn’t think the ideas would work.
What is the adverb clause in this sentence?
While waiting for school to end
What is one adjective in this reading?
excited
What is one prepositional phrase in this reading?
to pack her entire life
What is a quantifier in this reading?
all
III. Grammar Review: Full Year – Sentence Correction
Directions: Write a better version, using formal, academic style, of the sentences below, without changing their meaning. Write each sentence out completely and be careful with your handwriting—illegible answers will be marked wrong.
1. Jeff is talking to woman in bar. (2 errors)
Jeff is talking to a woman in the bar.
2. Its palpable, the love that Jamie have for his brother and sister. (2)
Jamie has a palpable love for his brother and sister.
3. Emily stopped to care about everything, she doesn’t take things serious. (2)
Emily stopped to care about anything, she doesn’t take things seriously.
4. Leonid ask Sally to get marry with him. (2)
Leonid asked Sally to marry him.
5. I’ll eat five rices tonight. (1)
I’ll have five rices tonight.
6. She has traveled to fourteen country. (1)
She has travelled to fourteen countries.
7. His worried to be bury in a cemetery with all this dead guy. (5)
He is worried that he could be buried in a cemetery will all these dead guys.
8. Rebecca drank much juice fast. (2)
Rebecca drunk a lot of juice fast.
9. I ate which you gave me. (1)
I ate what you gave me.
10. A torn student’s book is on the desk. (1)
The torn student’s book is on the desk.
11. Jimmy suggest Janie to go to the ride. (2)
Jimmy suggested to Janie to go to the ride.
12. John just was chosen to be the leader. (2)
John was just chosen to be a leader.
13. David ran quick and got his bag speed. (2)
David ran quickly and got his bad with speed.
14. If you don’t believe in yourself you would never be able to achieve nothing. (2)
If you don’t believe in yourself, you would never be able to achieve anything.
15. All this mix emotion make him run to the Ms. Clark house. (5)
All these mixed emotions made him run to Ms. Clark’s house.
16. Holden thinks a lot about Allie’s dead, what makes him depress. (3)
Holden thinks a lot about Allie’s death, which makes him depressed.
Name:
Exam Part Two: Open Book!
You may use your hard copy of “Death of a Salesman.”
(If you forgot your book, it is possible to do this exam without the book. You may not use the internet, or someone else’s book.)
IV. Death of a Salesman Textual Analysis
Directions: CHOOSE THREE EXCERPTS (out of five). For each excerpt, explain the SIGNIFICANCE of this moment.
When does this moment happen?
What does this moment show?
How does it shape the play? Why is it important in the grand scheme of the play?
You may reference ideas we discussed in class, in addition to your own annotations and notes. For each moment, you should write 3-5 sentences, and quote the excerpt.
Excerpt from Death of a Salesman Why is this significant?
This excerpt occurs in Act 1. This moment shows the main theme of the entire play including denial, order versus disorder, and contradiction. The scene shapes the play by revealing the true nature of both Linda and Willy. Linda is loving and caring. She is also present and living within her means in a realistic manner. Willy, on other hand, is self-centered. He fails to appreciate his wife. Further demonstrates Willy’s dissociation with reality. Shows he is a static character. Ironic as he follows the American Dream but doesn’t want American cheese.
Willy tells Linda, his wife, at the close of Act I that he is feeling optimistic again since their son Biff has told them about his intention to seek for a loan to purchase a ranch. Biff is trying to buy a ranch. Willy’s mood shifts from one of hopelessness to one of almost maniacal optimism in only the instant that he hears Biff’s idea. Willy’s heroic performance on the football field in high school is one of the things that he recalls most about Biff. Willy projects his own desires and aspirations onto his kid, and he convinces himself that his boy is invincible and unable to fall short of his expectations.
In this scene, Willy’s denial comes out conspicuously, beginning with the overestimation of his own role and prowess as a salesman and the retelling (altered) of his father’s desertion of the family. In this excerpt, Willy is now attempting to persuade his employer, Howard, to transfer him to the New York branch of the company. Willy has previously been informed by Howard that there is no work, yet he persists in making more desperate demands despite this information. Willy has rewritten the facts about his father’s abandonment of the family, and now his father’s exploits are a part of the pitch that Willy uses to try to sell his products. Willy has convinced himself that he is an independent spirit, a self-reliant pioneer hero like his father, in order to give himself the guts to ask for his job. However, in truth, Willy is asking for his job by pleading for it.
V. Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby: Mini Comparison Essay
Directions: Compare the character of JAY GATSBY from The Great Gatsby to WILLY LOMAN from “Death of a Salesman.” You may choose one of the following prompts to focus your writing:
Option One: How do these characters let the past influence their present and future?
Option Two: How do these characters define success? In what ways do their individual definitions impact their reality?
Option Three: How do these characters understand the concept of love? How would you compare their romantic and familial relationships?
You do NOT need quotations for this writing. However, you should cite SPECIFIC moments from the text in your comparison, making it clear that you understand both works of literature. Your final writing should start with a thesis statement, and be at least 8-10 sentences long. It is highly recommended that you PLAN before writing. Scrap paper is available for outlining!
Many individuals are motivated by a strong desire to achieve their objectives. Most individuals, on the other hand, don’t allow their ambitions take over their life to the point where they dictate them how to live. Willy Loman, the protagonist in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, and Jay Gatsby, the protagonist in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, both have a tremendous desire to be successful, which is exacerbated by their fundamentally incorrect views about what success is. Gatsby and Willy are unable to achieve their objectives due to the advent of psychological reality. External realism has been replaced with psychological realism. Their exclusive attention on the dream produces issues in many aspects of their existence. The younger version of Jay Gatsby is an excellent illustration of someone who has good intentions but is easily sidetracked. Willy, on the other hand, is unable to move on from his past. Both F. Scott Fitzgerald and Arthur Miller, the authors of “The Great Gatsby” and “Death of a Salesman,” portray tales about individuals who attempt to achieve the “American dream” despite the fact that it costs them a lot of money and time. Both of these individuals recognize that the American Dream, which they have always desired, is no longer achievable due to both external and internal issues.
Willy believes that his degree of success is proportional to his popularity. Willy’s whole existence is predicated on the belief that if you have a lot of friends, you would never be in need. He is also certain that his sons would succeed since they are attractive. “They’re both built like Adonises,” he adds. Willy’s excessive fascination with money leads him to believe that a person’s value is determined by how much money they are worth. Willy’s elder brother was Ben. Willy raised his eyes to him and murmured things like, “He’s a millionaire.” After considerable consideration, Willy comes to the conclusion that “you’re worth more dead than alive.” Last but not least, Willy believes that his wife and children would adore him if he becomes a well-known and famous businessman. “If there’s one thing, lads,” Willy assures his wife and children, “it’s that I have friends,” but he doesn’t. He also lies to his wife, claiming that he earned “500 gross in Providence and 700 gross in Boston.” This is a massive exaggeration. Willy learns that if he kills himself, he would be able to assist pay for his son’s business endeavor and that “Biff” will admire him for it in his final imagined chat with his brother Ben.
The tale of Gatsby’s rise to wealth in “The Great Gatsby” exemplifies what the American Dream is all about. He had a vision of himself as a great businessman, a gentleman, and a well-liked person since he was a child. But it had nothing to do with the way he was brought up. He was so desperate to assume someone else’s identity that he was prepared to do everything to get money. Gatsby was ready to part with a lot of his possessions, even his name. He changed his name to better reflect himself and his objectives.
Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald are quite different in many aspects, yet they also have a lot in common. The primary protagonists in these two pieces of literature, Willy Loman and Jay Gatsby, are both seeking to make it in life, even if their behaviors seem foolish or unethical. Willy Loman and Jay Gatsby are both attempting to achieve “The American Dream” in their own ways. They lie and conduct dishonestly in order to do this. Willy Loman and Jay Gatsby both lie to their family and friends about their occupations and financial status. When Willy Loman claims he has a nice job and works hard all the time, he is never speaking the truth.
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The 2018 report Hidden
The American Political Landscape
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Introduction
The 2018 report Hidden Tribes A Study of America’s Polarized Landscape was written by Daniel Yudkin, Stephen Hawkins, Tim Dixon, and Miriam Juan. The report focuses on the polarization that currently exists in American society today including issues that brings us together and drives us apart. Years of knife-edge elections and political polls convince people that the United States is a 50-50 society; one separated into two political umbrellas opposing each other trapped and trapped in a circle of division and conflict. The purpose of this report was to identify if Americans are segregated by the differences in their underlying attitudes and belief. The report unearths a completely different story. It finds that the country is into seven groups defined by their core beliefs rather than class, gender, political opinions, or race. This report finds substantial evidence of growing tribalism and deep polarization. Additionally, the reports demonstrate that the polarization is rooted in something deeper than policy disagreements, and political opinions. Further, it unearths evidence for optimism citing that 77% of Americans believe their differences are not big to the extent of not coming together.
Segments of the American Political Landscape
The hidden tribes of America are seven and they include Progressive activists (8%), traditional liberals (11%), passive liberals (15%), politically disengaged (26%), moderates (15%), traditional conservatives (19%), and the devoted conservatives (6%) with each segment having its own unique set of characteristics (Hawkins, et. al 2018, p 7). Progressive activists include the young population. These individuals are characterized as secular, highly engaged, angry, and cosmopolitan. Traditional liberals are the retired older population. They are rational, open to compromise, and rather cautious. Moderates are the civic-minded, engaged, pessimistic and people. Passive liberals on the other hand are the insecure, unhappy, disillusioned, and distrustful kind of people. Devoted conservatives are the retired, white, patriotic, uncompromising and, highly engaged kinds of people. Traditional conservatives on the other hand are the middle class, religious, and moralistic. Traditional conservatives can also be termed as patriots.
Segments one cannot Identify with
Devoted Conservatives top the list of the groups that most appealing segments. They are counter ideologies held by progressive activists. Devoted conservatives are mainly concerned with matters of economy, immigration, and terrorism. They are among the top groups of people earning the highest incomes. They feel more secure and happier than other Americans. They are mostly involved in political and social issues and they hold matters to do abortion, religious liberty, and terrorism with importance. They mostly value loyalty and patriotism to the American flag. In their viewpoint, traditional values are under attack and Americans are being forced into buying in liberal beliefs in issues including racial inequality, immigration, the role of women, and Islamism. Devoted conservatives maintain that American values are eroding rapidly, and they see it as their duty to defend these values. Moderates too do not also appeal to me because they tend to be uncomfortable with the topic of tribal politics. Moderates dislike activism and although religion takes center stage in their life, they reject intolerance and extremism. The Politically Disengaged ideologies do not resonate with me. They have the least level of education and are less involved in current affairs. Their attitudes are less open to differences and are more anxious about making external threats. They are likely to make statements such as being white is needed to make a person American
Segments One Can Resonate with
The groups that one can identify with include Progressive Activists, Traditional Liberals, Traditional Conservatives, and Passive Liberals. Progressive activists hold strong ideologies and are active in political matters. They have high levels of socioeconomic status and education. Furthermore, it is easy to relate with them as they are highly sensitive to issues of equity and fairness in society particularly as regards gender, race, and other minority groups. Because their focus is on power structures, they tend to be rather pessimistic about issues of fairness in American society. Traditional Liberals also represent my viewpoints. They are also intolerant to conservative ideologies. They handle conflicts by getting to the heart of the bottom. I also like that they have faith in American institutions and they respond best to rational arguments. Although Passive liberals are also very likely to engage in political and social issues, they have liberal opinions about social matters including sexism, immigration, and LGBTI issues. They avoid debates, are uninformed, consume little media, and avoid political debates. Traditional Conservatives best represent my values because they value foundations and patriotism. They feel Christian foundations are under attack from cultures that hold that diversity devalues America’s achievements.
Personal Thoughts on the State of Polarization of the American Political Landscape
I am of the opinion that the polarized State of American Political Landscape is an urgent issue of concern. Further, I hold that the state of polarization is slowly getting worse for various reasons. Issues of racism, poor leadership, matters of economy, division, and immigration are among the biggest concerns for the country. Without a doubt, the country remains divided along racial lines and the healthcare sector is also an issue of concern. People remain divided along racial, class, and economic income lines. Racism has gained a lot of traction over the past few years and despite efforts being, made for the attainment of equality, there is still a long way to go. For instance in matters of gender and sexuality, despite the shift in public onion, 49% of Americans hold that change in attitudes towards sex and marriage is leading the country to lose moral ground. The country’s divisiveness can be curbed only through good leadership that recognizes and encourages equality for all.
How to Heal the Divide of Polarization
What can help America bridge the great divide to allow the country to move forward and work to address societal problems is a change in mindset particularly for the citizens. Current society faces many problems with most directly linking directly and indirectly to matters of development. If we can change our mindset and eliminate some of the notions held by these groups, we can incite behavioral change. For instance, when it comes to the labor market and employment, sexism exits and reflects on the gender pay gap and the lack of female representatives in leadership and managerial positions. This is the case because, through socialization, society taught us that women are incapable of leading and that they do not serve the deserve pay as their men counterparts. Through mindset shift, we can begin to slowly see positive change in society and behavior change. A change in mindset can also help address discrimination making sexual minorities. It is high time people recognized LGBTI rights because they are human rights too.
References
Hawkins, S., Yudkin, D., Juan-Torres, M., & Dixon, T. (2018). Hidden tribes: A study of America’s polarized landscape. More in Common.