Recent orders
Minnesota v Dickson
Student’s name
Instructor
Course
Date
Minnesota v Dickson
Summary; This is a case involving a police officer patting down suspected contraband and finding evidence of cracked cocaine in the clothing of the suspect.
Rule of law synopsis; in the search for weapons the search whereby a police officer detects through his/her skill and common sense that a person might have risky weapons pat-down search is allowed and it is lawful. And given the situation, a warrantless search is justified by the plain-view considerations. Therefore, in this case, it is the respondent who tried to hide or suppress the cocaine but still, a police officer realized it and went for it. Even though the seizure was important and necessary the court of appeal reversed the stand that it was lawful and the Minnesota Supreme Court upheld the stand of the court of appeal. This is because the search went beyond what was acceptable under Terry.
The question and the issue herein is whether the seizure of contraband which a police officer has detected through their sense of touch when they are conducting a pat-down search is lawful or is permitted by the fourth amendment
In this case, it is noted that if the search goes beyond what is acceptable or necessary then according to terry it is no longer acceptable. However, if an officer stays within the bounds of the terry during the pat-down search then the search is valid and is not against the law. In this case, as well the resort to a neutral magistrate would almost be impossible and it will not do anything to promote the objectives of the fourth amendment. This is the same as when an officer is searching for contraband weapons whereby the officer is allowed to search the suspect for the weapons without a warrant within the plain view context. According to terry the sense of touch just by itself is capable of making the police officer immediately identify the sort of object or its nature. Terry has its stand in that the police officers have to be able to identify the contraband or weapons through the use of the sense of touch. In this case, the sense of sight and sense of touch are closely related. This is because the sense of sight according to terry is more reliable than the sense of touch.
The fourth amendment provides that the officer should have probable cause to believe that what they are seizing is harmful or contraband before seizing it. Apart from this the court was also concerned about the privacy of the person being searched and according to the fourth amendment; searches should be conducted in a manner that will not make a person’s privacy at risk. However, still, the seizure of a known item cannot be seen as an intrusion into a person’s privacy. Therefore the question in this situation is whether the law was followed during this search as stipulated by terry. The Supreme Court stated that the officer, in this case, overstepped the bounds stipulated by terry about searching for weapons or generally contraband items. Even though this search was necessary according to the Supreme Court the officer was “too much”. This is to mean that he went ahead with the search even though he had identified that the property or the item in possession was not a weapon. Therefore even though it is true that under terry the officer is allowed to search the suspected individual, it does not allow the officer to continue with the search further and therefore this is considered unlawful according to terry. In a conclusion, the search of the cocaine in the individual’s jacket was unlawful therefore this translates into the seizure of the cocaine being unlawful.
Works cited
Amsterdam, Anthony G. “Perspectives on the fourth amendment.” Minn. L. Rev. 58 (1973): 349
Brobson, P. Kevin. “Minnesota v. Dickerson: The Plain-Feel Terry Frisk Is No Longer Limited to a Protective Search for Weapons.” Widener J. Pub L. 3 (1993): 951.
Burkoff, John M. Search Warrant Law Deskbook. C. Boardman, 1987
Marketing Audit SUPERVALU Grocery Company interview
Praxis Paper 1
Name:
Professor
Institution:
Course
Date
SUPERVALU Grocery Company’s IT current state
1.1 Company Profile
SUPERVALU is known to be among the United States largest chains of supermarkets. The number of stores, which they own is 2349. There are many brand names, by which the company operates such as Cubs Foods, Acme, Lucky, and Bristol, among others. Most of its competition is from Safeway and Kroger. Currently, the store is found in almost all states in America, such as Southern California, Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia. There are two segments by, which the company operates. They include Supply Chain Services and Retail Food.
1.2 Introduction
Many business environments are appreciating the importance of technology at the work place. Before, processes were manual, but today automated systems have been integrated in almost every business unit. In turn, practices, which are conducted by business, have improved. This is the reason why SUPERVALU has come up with an information system, which is comprehensive. Evolution of information systems greatly improves processes. In order to obtain competitive advantage, information systems should be planned for strategically. Before new systems are purchased, managers must first make decisions based on the capability of the system (Laudon & Laudon, 2009).
1.3 Profile of the people interviewed at SUPERVALU
The people, who were interviewed for this research, work at SUPERVALU in managerial capacities. Greg Harness is in charge of the Information technology Department. He assumes the title of the Project Manager of IT. Harness is well educated and his experience is vast. He has experience in information technology having worked in this field for twenty years. The other person interviewed is Susan Morris, who is in charge of customer experience at SUPERVALU. She is well informed about matters, which concern the company. Her experience in management is vast and is aware about the functions of the IT department.
1.4 Competitive advantage achieved from using and Implementing Information Systems
Customer satisfaction is the reason why they had to improve their systems. In order to achieve efficiency and accuracy at the company, it makes use of Radio Frequency systems. In turn, it is able to monitor profitability and customer satisfaction. According to Morris (2011), the operative movements at the store are accountable, due to the effectiveness of the system. The system also ensures that optimum efficiency is achieved as evaluation and monitoring of information occurs (Friedman & Hoffman, 2001). The stocks, which are at the stores, are known through a process known as ambient area. The latter is achieved as a result of the existing system (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). This means that problems do not arise when delivery by suppliers is late. Also, there is premium product availability, due to the existing system. She believes that this system has improved the process as the store and in turn, customers are extremely satisfied.
According to Harness (2011), the teams at the various stores are happy about the introduction of the new systems. Their work environment has improved greatly, and everyone feels that work has become more accommodating. The terminals, which have been out in place, are extremely user friendly. One does not have to be an expert in computers to use the terminals. Since the system is reliable, the teams working at the stores are loyal to the company. Expansion has been made easier by the system, as customers in their Northern Ireland, stores are served well. In turn, many customers have praised and commented about the service being offered (Britt, 2010). They have witnessed an improvement in various aspects at the stores. Other competitive advantages, which have occurred, are availability of products, and delivery has become extremely accurate.
Job enhancement has occurred, due to Information systems implementation. Tasks are now prioritized and time saving takes place. The system handles matters concerning information and data handling. The latter was previously done by employees, thus wastage of time occurred often. Processing time is reduced drastically, thus in turn; costs are saved by the company. Differentiation is another competitive advantage obtained from having an information system. This means that SUPERVALU has become strategically different from its competitors. There are certain products, which are found at SUPERVALU, and cannot be found in other stores such as Wal-Mart and even Kroger. Customer base has been expanded, due to the implementation of the differentiation strategy according to Harness (2011).
Lastly, the Information systems have brought about distribution and supply coordination. At SUPERVALU, inventory has in turn been tracked and monitored effectively. Managers are always ensuring that the management process of supply chain is well maintained. Problems are pinpointed easily, and thus another competitive advantage is obtained. According to Morris, Research is being done to find out if there are better systems in the market.
1.5 The Management Information System Strategy
Harness has been given the go ahead to work with other department heads, in order to come with a strategy for MIS. This is because all the companies functions as well as operations are managed by an MIS. Cost implications occur when the strategy is not implemented accordingly. Also, problems such as profit making can be prevented if there is no presence of an MIS strategy. At SUPERVALU, the MIS strategy seeks to ensure that their vision based on technology is realized. At the Corporate setting at SUPERVALU, IT plays a vital role in implementing the strategy. IT provides the needed guidelines to be followed, in the area that the MIS is concentrating on (Harness, 2011).
The MIS strategy also focuses on the changing the structure of change in management. SUPERVALU is designing a system, which will affect all the employees and customers positively. Nowadays, SUPERVALU is making use of social networking, to increase its sales as well as market it. For example, it has embraced Linked a social site that focuses on professionalism. Linked has greatly improved the relations SUPERVALU has with some of its customers, as well as people who want to work for the company. The company has come up with minimum standards, which all the employees must meet (Levine, 2001). The MIS focuses on the components of central infrastructure. This later on brings about proper deliverables as well as there being a direction, which is common to everyone. SUPERVALU is making sure that it forms strategic alliances with technological suppliers (Morris, 2011). In turn, it will benefit by acquiring financial incentives and have a lot of control over ownership and cost issues. Through having the MIS, initiatives for development are taking place as well as important aspects of the company being recognized.
1.6 Conclusion
In conclusion, SUPERVALU is indeed using effective strategies, which are helping it to obtain a competitive edge. Information systems used have improved business and in turn, there are more customers making purchases at the various stores. The MIS strategy is being implemented in order to achieve SUPERVALU’s success in the IS sector.
References
G. Harness, Personal Communication, October 1, 2011.
S. Morris, Personal Communication, October 1, 2011.
Laudon, Jane & Laudon, Ken. (2009).Management Information Systems 11th Ed. New York: Prentice Hall.
Britt, D. (2010). Impact of Globalization in Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.sdcexec.com/web/online/In-Depth/” http://www.sdcexec.com/web/online/In-Depth/
Levine, L. (2001).Integrating Knowledge and Processes in Learning Organization. Information systems Management, 18, 1, 21-33.
Friedman, D. & Hoffman, P. (2001). The Politics of Information. Change, 33, 3, 50-57.
Abstinence and the Drinking Problem
Abstinence and the Drinking Problem
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
I would advocate for a client with a drinking problem to abstain to resolve the drinking problem. I would tell the client to quit drinking to eradicate the health and social risks of excessive alcohol. Prolonged use of alcohol leads to the development of chronic illnesses and other serious problems such as stroke, heart disease, digestive problems, and high blood pressure. Moreover excessive alcohol intake has been associated with cancer of the breast, throat, mouth, voice box, esophagus, colon, liver, and rectum. Abstinence is the best route to deal with an alcohol problem because while controlled drinking is viable, it is even harder to implement. As long as one is in an environment where one can access alcohol, controlling ones drinking is difficult. Some of the advantages of alcohol abstinence that have been backed by research include less worry, better sleep, budget savings, and better relationships and sex. Abstaining from sex also results in increased energy and calorie savings. The only disadvantage of abstaining from alcohol has to do with withdrawal symptoms. Individuals addicted to alcohol face dangerous withdrawal symptoms, including delirium tremens when they quit alcohol suddenly. There are extreme cases where alcohol withdrawal causes death to the users. There exists a relationship between faith and alcohol abuse. A 2019 study on the impact that faith has on substance abuse revealed that faith reduces the risk of abuse, use, or dependence. In rare cases, does faith contribute to the abuse and dependence on alcohol.
References
Pandey, S. C., Kyzar, E. J., & Zhang, H. (2017). Epigenetic basis of the dark side of alcohol addiction. Neuropharmacology, 122, 74-84.