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Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intended to frighten, harm or coerce someone.
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Bullying in Schools
Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intended to frighten, harm or coerce someone. The bully is often someone in a position of power who actions have an intent and repeats their actions over and over again. The victim in the situation suffers in different ways including psychologically, physically or socially. Bullying has a variety of causes and inflicts much damage on both the bully and the victim. Schools are no strangers to bullies as it is often where bullying begins at a young age. Today there are many movements against bullying and any form of discrimination. In order to understand bullying, it is important to look at the causes and effects in order to find a way to most effectively deal with it.
The causes of bullying are many and varied. One of these causes is gender norms embedded in children by society. Males are often considered to be dominant while women are considered to be weak and subservient to men. It is these perceptions that will lead boys to target young girls. There are many forms of gender violence and inequalities in society that mislead the young boys and men to think that is simply the order of things.
Discrimination is another important cause of bullying. Some discriminatory practices are spread through the school curriculum and other practices in schools. Gender discrimination also emphasize that men and women can only play a specific role in society hence leading to subjugation and a toleration of violence especially towards women. Corporal punishment in schools also encourages bullying (Juvonen and Graham 163). It passes the message that violence is okay and can be tolerated.
The school environment itself is an important contributing factor to whether a bullying culture develops or not. Some students in schools find themselves idle and having nothing else to do, they choose to pick on those they consider to be inferior to them in one way or another. They bully them simply as a way to pass their time. If schools do not have a strong anti-bullying practices and policies, it creates an environment for bullying to thrive. For example, if a student has been bullied and makes a report to their teacher or any other school staff and they fail to take any action, it signals that it is not a problem. The bully will grow bolder and even torment other kids as they know that there is no one willing to punish them for their deviant behavior. The victims will keep suffering in silence and this will eventually lead to major damage that might go on to last a lifetime (Juvonen and Graham 173).
Bullying in school is not just about school life. Children come from different families and communities and this context can be a determinant on whether the child becomes a bully or not. If the culture of bullying is permitted at home and the parents or guardians do nothing to stop children from bullying each other, such bullies will tend to take this behavior with them to school. A community where gang violence is considered the norm will give birth to violent children who will bully others. Bullying is a reflection of the wider society in which the bullies and victims come from.
Bullying has profound effects both on the bully and the victim. Some effects such as anxiety, depression and other psychological symptoms will be common to both the victim and the bully. Bullies will also tend to develop antisocial personality disorder and have higher risk of committing other crimes. The victims suffers the most with short term effects such as lack of trust, anger, feelings of helplessness, significant decline in school performance, hyper vigilance, PTSD and even suicide. Those who have been bullied may go on to become bullies themselves in a desire to seek revenge for their own suffering (Wolke and Suzet 881).
Understanding the causes and effects of bullying can give important pointers on the solutions to the problems. School should be a place where children can feel safe in order to be able to learn as much as they can in a stress free environment. The first step in dealing with bullying is ensuring a good communication policy where those who have been bullied are free enough to speak to a trusted adult or friend. Staff and children should be trained on what to do in case of bullying. Art such as poems and plays can be an important way of passing across anti-bullying messages. Teachers can also have meetings in the classrooms with their students to teach them about bullying (Smith and David 35). Action should be taken against bullies while still taking into consideration the fact that a bully’s actions can signal a much deeper problem. Communication is very important.
Bullying is an undesirable part of the education system and much has to be done to fight this culture. The main causes include an enabling environment and societal norms such as gender stereotypes. It has significant effects on both victims and bullies such as anxiety and depression (Wolke and Suzet 881). Solutions to bullying can be found by educating all the parties involved on ways to eliminate it including communication. Parents, teachers, students themselves and other staff members have a responsibility to keep their schools a safe place for everyone.
Works Cited
Burton, Bruce, et al. “Acting against bullying in schools.” Acting to Manage Conflict and Bullying Through Evidence-Based Strategies. Springer, Cham, 2015. 79-98.
Juvonen, Jaana, and Sandra Graham. “Bullying in schools: The power of bullies and the plight of victims.” Annual review of psychology 65 (2014): 159-185.
Smith, Peter K., and David Thompson. Practical approaches to bullying. Routledge, 2017.
Wolke, Dieter, and Suzet Tanya Lereya. “Long-term effects of bullying.” Archives of disease in childhood 100.9 (2015): 879-885.
Management in any business entity entails integration and coordination of available resources
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Introduction
Management in any business entity entails integration and coordination of available resources; human, financial, environmental, capital and infrastructural/ technological ones in a bid to efficiently and effectively accomplish intended goals. The process involves organizing, staffing planning and control, leading and organizing different initiatives meant to accomplish these goals; which can be viewed as the strategies of a particular entity and/ or a platform for achieving the predefined ends. Majority of firms/ enterprises approach and implement these strategies differently that is, strategy as goal articulation; strategy as an approach to a certain predefined goal and strategy as the entire strategic landscape for vision, goal, objective and initiative. These approaches primarily depend on the enterprises’ internal and external forces, infrastructural and capital base, competition and the industry in which it falls in; with which define the stakeholders responsible for the articulation process that is, the employees or the market forces. The five forces model as a framework for industry analysis and organization strategy that highlights the competitive intensity of a firm in the market can also be used as business strategy for growth and development of dominant media company, Time Warner, by understanding market’s attractiveness.
In my previous experience as a customer relationship manager, the firm applied the S.W.O.T analysis as growth and development strategy which it concentrated on business’ strength, weaknesses, opportunities and evaluation of possible threats within the industry. The articulation of the strategy was approached as the entire landscape of the firm; implemented greatly by the employees with basic organizational initiatives directly focused to customers, execution goals targeting on the competition in the market and the approach based on product and services’ innovations. In my opinion, the strategy was a great one at the time with respect to the firm’s market share and expansion objectives; greatly influence by the competition and the need to have a competitive advantage in the banking sector and the need for international expansion. The strategy greatly impacted on the way I look at firms in the service industry more so my former company’s expression and implementation of their strategy; improving on my work approach as customer relationship manager in designing and implementing customer care systems and organizing and directing different initiatives to meet and surpass customers’ needs. It seems that though the strategy worked for the banking field it might not necessarily work in other fields within the service industry such as media and thus the five forces model will be more appropriate in addressing the attractiveness of the market within the service industry.
Five forces model on the other hand comprehensively evaluates the microeconomic environment of a firm with respect to its ability to strengthen its market share and profitability or relevance in the market. The fact that firms are different in terms of scope, objectives and business models applied, attractiveness of the market does not imply profitability of these firms in the same ratio and these calls for individual application of different core competencies and respective business models by these firms for profitability. For instance, the Time Warner Company as the leading media firm needs to address their growth and development strategies in relation to the five force model so as to remain relevant in the media and service industry, amid competition and technological advancements which have greatly influenced the way business is currently conducted.
On the analysis of new entrants or substitutes that might threaten the dominance of the firm for instance, the Time Warner Company needs to evaluate their business presence with respect to the competitive products by other related firms such as Disney’s, Murdoch’s News Corp, Viacom and many more. In addition, the company needs to evaluate its relationship with its suppliers; correspondents in the field of sports, life, and holiday editorials in the magazines sections, producers of music, movies and television programs, and the support service providers on new media and on other technological aspects that keep the firm in business. Moreover, by giving a upper hand to the audience, who happen to be the buyers/ consumers, the firm need to focus on innovations within its network that will accelerate aggregate demand on their products and services to give them a competitive advantage over their rivals. This can be achieved by critically evaluating the competitors’ products in the market and devising new business approaches to counter their presence through innovations and other strategic management approaches. As a leader in terms of market share, the firm has a strong bargaining power with its financial and capital/ infrastructural base which puts it in a better position of expansion strategies such as mergers and acquisitions; counteracting measures against potential threats of new entrants and substitute products in the market (Magretta, 2012). For instance, having ventured in varying degrees within media operations with giant corporations such as HP, Viva, Home Store, American express and others, the firm stands out competitively for dominance in the industry with which articulating this strategy as the entire landscape is and will be the company’s appropriate.
Conclusion
As a business growth and expansion strategy, Five forces model calls for emotional intelligence; the ability to identify, assess and control one’s emotions and that of the group he/she is a member or leading it, a product of strong interpersonal skills I observed with their current customer management director. In my opinion, the director combines both the transactional and relational communication in addressing customer needs which has helped the management and the research and development team in innovations and resource allocation; prerequisites for the foundation and operations of the firms in this industry.
References
Magretta, J. (2012). Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press.
Military Life vs. Civilian Life
Military Life vs. Civilian Life
Introduction:
Here in the following essay we shall be discussing and distinguishing between a civilian life and military life of individuals. Just to have a comparison of life of both people and see which shall be better and having been discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both.
A civilian is a person which is considered under the international humanitarian law which in the world is also known as laws of war. According to this law a person who is not under the membership of the country’s armed forces or the military of that country is a civilian. There is another part which is known as combatant, a civilian is different from a combatant. Combatants are those who are a part of the hostilities of the armed forces. The civilians are those who are offered protection legally from the effects that happen due to war and also from the military occupation. In basic words a civilian is someone who is not on any active duty in consideration of armed forces, the police services or the fire fighting force as said in the rules of United States.
On the other hand we have the people who are a part of the military. A military is an organisation which is formed by the government for the protection of the people living in the country from the people who are the enemies or create wars in a particular company to rule over it. It is organisations who use lethal force which includes usage of the weapons to defend the country from the perceived threats.
A blanket term which is used for the military people is Military Personnel; it refers to the armed forces. The personnel’s are divided in many branches – the people serving the ground forces are called soldiers which form an army, the men serving the seagoing force are called seamen or sailors with the head branch name as Navy, the people serving the army by air are the air forces of the country called the airmen.
These are the categorization and the explanation of the words individually to understand the depth of it; we shall now see the comparison of a civilian’s life and a military life.
Having a consideration of life’s of both people we can say that there are quite a common things and a life of a civilian is almost same as a military life as one has a regular job in both sides in order to have your life going for oneself and its family, to keep things in order relating to bills of the house, housing and other necessities and luxuries as required. In all manner one has to work having a boss over him/her and has to work under the rules and regulations of the organisation whether a civilian in a company or the soldier in the army. In the world today a large number of families are a part of the military or in other words the world is populated by military families.
There are misconceptions about the military life in huge manner amongst the people that the military people get paid very well then what is actually paid, some people also have a conception that military life is a horrible life and it is better and safer to be away from it.
There are also many differences along with similarities which include pay, the health benefits, beliefs and political life and more which we shall be discussing in details. Studies in the near future and the trends have shown that a military job outweighs or has greater weight in demand compared to a civilian sector in comparison to increase in pay year by year and allowances as such which cover advantage to a great extent of housing, health, educational fees, special quotas in various places, added tax advantages to oneself and family members. It is just to be on papers and comparisons if one wants to prove the benefits of civilian and a military member. Being a part of the military is said to be a defining moment in a person’s life and has long-term effects in his and the family’s life.
A lifestyle of a military person is full of responsibilities much more than that of a civilian, the military person is always in threat zone or approaching towards combat zone and risking his life and putting at stake indirectly life’s of his family. A soldier or the military person has to sacrifice a lot of being away from the family for a long time which might be for a year or even more, not being with families in any occasions or for any reason. Deployment at dangerous places with uncertainty of personal life is military life all about. The military organizations have special schools and institutes to educate the people about the same and show them the right path to choose in the field on being specific which is an extra advantage.
They provide education, specialised training and healthcare; it creates job opportunities and offer which include working for the military by travelling to various places in the world. A military person has to be on time in all due manners of the rules there shall be no reasons of getting late or shall face severe punishments. Being well groomed, have living proper standards and presentation standards and talk to people keeping in mind proper rules. A military person in no way say “no” for any specific thing one is charged in protecting the country and if he fails to do so the country shall be at stake.
The job market in the United States is scarce to those who do not have good education or specialised training, in case of civilians choosing for a new career they are forced to pay for training as compared to the military counterparts. The (MOS) Military occupational specialities section under the military act states that any person at any time during his career life has a provision in choosing and opting to be a part of military, unlike normal civilians who are forced to maintain a job to have regular and proper income for his daily life. The military personnel’s are also paid while in training and school for their occupational skills.
Expenses of the training are there but along with that a civilian has to seek for employment in the country and has to choose a place where he wants to be employed in which field etc. But military personnel have no option of choosing as where they want to work and they also have to comply to the orders of working in a specifies location no matter if they like it or not and shall have to stay in any condition of the place.
This is one of the biggest drawback of the military personnel of having change MOS. A major important drawback of all things for military personnel are that the training given to the people is not national recognised or in other words has no recognition apart from the military organisation. On the other hand a civilian having a high education and training can be beneficial to join the army or the military with the point to be accomplished and get a higher ranking and pay as compared to others.
Discussing the benefits:
Health Benefits:
Firstly of all the major factors the main factor of a military job is the Health care factor. A family of a military person is fully and highly secured means is covered under any medical circumstances. There are certain expenses which are definitely not covered but may or may not be available at special rates – plastic surgery. Dental cover is available at lower cost; sterilization is available on meeting certain procedures. In the United States an average for a dental cover is around 30 dollars a month.
Talking about the civilians, most life of a civilian pays on the medical bills for oneself and the family which are not covered or taken care of by anyone except the earning members of the family. Civilians often take loans and are under debt of others for the medical treatments of their family people. There are no extra benefits and special quotas for the civilians for medical treatments as compared to the military people. Civilians have an option of getting their life’s insured through companies but for them they have to pay certain amount of money every year for which they get tax benefits. But many people do not afford to pay premiums for the entire family so they do not get everyone insured. There are a number of exception and conditions under these insurance claims which a civilian has to face which turns down the coverage. This is something which does not exist in the military world as the organisation guarantees the health of not only the soldier but also the well being of their families.
TRICARE is an organisation which is formed known as Civilian health and medical program of the uniformed services. This is a health programme in the United States who provides the benefits of a civilian for military personnel, the retired soldiers and he family dependents.
Pay or the salary:
The salary or the CTC of a military person is low than a civilian as such as it is under the government rules and not as per private company the military person has basic pay, special pay and all these pays have special tax advantages under various section numbers of the income tax act of the country. In certain cases a take home salary of a military officer is higher than that of a civilian after paying the taxes. The civilians have no tax advantages in fact every extra income which a civilian gets from other sources are also taxable being it over and above such as rewards for their work from the company and the same of a military person is exempted.
In normal consideration a research showed that there is also much safe and job security as said by the parents and family of many military person as it’s a government job and same for a civilian there is always a fear of losing the job and there is no security for them. The pay check every month of a soldier never depends on the number of days or hours being on duty there is a guarantee of pay to be received and for a civilian in spite being the best in the company there are chances of not being paid by the company for any reason as mentioned.
But at the same side a army officer shall not have the freedom of leaving the job when he wants to but a civilian is free to resign from the job and choose someplace else to work.
Housing Benefits:
The military people are always with housing benefits like they are off base the organization provides with basic allowance for house which is tax free and they also have army head quarters in certain metropolitan cities where the family of the military can stay and they also have schools, hospitals in within for their children and other benefits are also available. Well in a civilians life he has to arrange for his accommodation and look for the family for the same. All costs of the house have to be borne by the civilian and maintenance of the same has to be given every month for the same.
Education Benefits:
In the United States there are special school and colleges which are managed by the government and the children of the military people are free to study there at no cost and use basic amenities available in there. There are also special quotas available in other colleges for higher or different studies with certain sponsorship by the government if one chooses to. But for a civilian he has to fight for every school admission sometimes even bribe and get rejections, the whole education responsibility is to be borne along with the fees and even take education loans if required for the child and pay interest on the same which is not deductible form tax point of view.
Travel all round:
A civilian need to think where he needs to travel either for work or for pleasure and need to spend on its own for the same i.e. one needs to pay out from his own pocket for the leisure of the family and himself. A military person needs to travel as per instructions through deployment. Other than that a military in his holiday time can travel to specified places with family on the cost by the organisation where they have special links and greater deals for the military. The best part of being a military is they travel to various places which are new and different where they have their postings and they get to see the best and the inner parts of the country be it on mountain peaks or edges of the country where they have the best of the climate, the finest sun rise and sunsets and much more, which a civilian dream of but can never visit those places.
Vacation and the working pattern:
A civilian has to work in the norms of the company and in an average gets 10-14 vacation in a year with conditions in certain companies that the vacation has to be utilised in a 2 parts and cannot be redeemed at once, because of this many civilians do not get the opportunity to go for a long vacation with the family but a military person gets an vacation of 30 days in a year which is guaranteed and paid with holiday benefits, this is the time when the military person can be with the family and spend time with them. This advantage of a civilian is one can stay with the family and work in the same place whereas a military person can meet only once in a year.
In consideration of working hours in a week a civilian normally works for 30-35 hours a week but a military has to be ready on call for 24 hours a day all days a week without excuses or reasons.
Retirement from work:
Every person has a particular age when one retires from work being it a civilian or a military person. In a military the retirement of the officer is after 20 years of active duty and in special cases just after 15 years of duty. There are many benefits that the people get after retirement, they have pension plan in which they get money paid by the military. Coverage of medical is still available for the soldier and his family till death and all the exemptions under the income tax act are also in effect and applicable for them. For a civilian the retirement is after 35 years of service and shall have no benefits except the pension which is paid which is less than what shall be required to the civilian. Normally a civilian is to retire at the age of 60 or opt for voluntary retirement scheme if retirement is required before that.
The extra benefit what shall be considered is that pension is available to the family of the military person if he dies in a war or in general till the death of the wife, and being a civilian no such money is paid to the family if the employee of the company dies.
The above given aspects are the prime talk about comparing a military life and a civilian life. One more factors that can be discussed are:
Fitness of the individual:
There are obvious physical and mental factor and requirement in being a civilian as well as a military person. Being in the military has certain rules of the physical appearance; the soldiers are to report or be on the ground for physical activities on daily basis as a routine and exercise for having a active body to fight the enemy, and to be fit to support the needy. Being a civilian is also important to be fit and active physically and mental but it is not compulsory from their point on daily basis, some civilians follow it on daily basis to be active and other might not at all. One can bring out its best by such trainings.
Towards the end of this essay we shall talk about the most important factor of military life – War. War is one of the reasons why family members do not want their loved ones to join the military as they love them and do not want to lose them. There are few families who encourage their children for such initiatives and are ready to sacrifice the life of their children for the country. Civilians have a life no matter how much tougher but they find it safe and better to be with their loved one and be safe with them. Being on the military face there are soldiers coming home, there is continuing funeral, being home one gets to hear that the neighbours husband or son or father will not be returning anymore which is horrifying. So it is a tough call on to join the military or to be a civilian from my point of view.
Conclusion:
As we see in the essay above there are many advantages of being a military person. We can conclude that being a military person is much better than a civilian as per from many aspects of life, but there are also disadvantages at the same time. The biggest disadvantage is that the life of a person is always at risk being at the military and their family might not even know about the relatives far away from them. But being a civilian one is with the loved ones. The issues of health care, job security, freedoms, travelling with beautiful nights and mornings are addressed but the reality is that life is at the tip of an iceberg. George Orwell an author said “People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.”
The world should be proud of these men who are ready to lose their life for the country and the country people.
References:
Civilian life vs Military Life | Local News | Westman Journal, Brandon, MB. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.westmanjournal.com/article/20110829/BRANDON0101/110829968/-1/BRANDON/civilian-life-vs-military-life
Comparing Military Pay and Benefits To Civilian Jobs | Military.com. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/military-vs-civilian-benefits-overview.html
Home. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.tricare.mil/
Military Health Care: Army Health Care Benefits | goarmy.com. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.goarmy.com/benefits/health-care-vacation.html
Military Medical Benefits Overview | Military.com. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.military.com/benefits/veterans-health-care/military-medical-benefits-overview.html
TRICARE | Military.com. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2013, from http://www.military.com/benefits/tricare