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The Developing of other criteria
The Developing of other criteria
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Attending a 3 day professional conference on organizational psychology where people would present their research findings and perspectives would provide an opportunity to experience what happens in the field of psychology. Trainers who are also psychologists will definitely provide the benefits to the learners. Although self-efficacy may be applied in this context, it may not be applicable to all the trainees because some may have low self-efficacy. The best criteria will be involving participants in all aspects by encouraging their reactions because they have almost similar experience as presented by their peers. This conference includes learners who are performance oriented hence will use this opportunity to avoid any professional mistakes.
Because the conference would include communication of research findings that perhaps identify and satisfy trainee’s needs, the trainees should set a goal that would ensure that they remain within the proposed limits and perform as per the research findings. Psychologists attending this conference will be attending with a high expectation in performance improvement, quality as well as availability of conditions which are intended to inject great outcome. These are some of the conditions that are considered important in goal setting criteria.
The presentation of research findings and perspectives is actually training because trainees will learn new ideas and perceptions regarding their profession. It will be like sharing of ideas amongst psychologists. The trainees are likely to apply some of the ideas and findings from different researchers. Psychology as a profession may be improved by some of the ideas got from the research findings.
The determination of dietary fiber in Oats,
The determination of dietary fiber in Oats,
Ibrahim mokhtar, Melinda Tanan26/8-2/9
Abstract:
The first aim of this laboratory session is to find the dietary fiber in oats using AOAC enzymatic gravimetric method; the second aim was to determine the energy of the fiber using bomb calorimeter, the results of these two sessions was we found out that the total fiber in the oats was 21g/100g and the energy for the fiber was 16.797 KJ for the sample of 0.591g.
Introduction:
The nutrition panels includes the information of the serving size in addition to the serving per container with the calories/kilojoules per each serve or per 100g, the food regulation also determine which nutrition claims can be marketed, such as how many gram of fat does it contain to be “low fat” or low in kilojoules ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Keller</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>(Keller, Landry et al. 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Keller, Scott B</author><author>Landry, Mike</author><author>Olson, Jeanne</author><author>Velliquette, Anne M</author><author>Burton, Scot</author><author>Andrews, J Craig</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The effects of nutrition package claims, nutrition facts panels, and motivation to process nutrition information on consumer product evaluations</title><secondary-title>Journal of Public Policy & Marketing</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Public Policy & Marketing</full-title></periodical><pages>256-269</pages><dates><year>1997</year></dates><isbn>0743-9156</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Keller, Landry et al. 1997). The aim of this session was to find out the fiber content in oats and calculate its energy using enzymatic method and bomb calorimeter respectively. The enzymatic method was designed to find a rapid way to separate the fiber content from protein and starch. The step numbers 4,8,12 in the manual guide was done to have the optimum ph for the enzymes amylase, protease and amyloglucosidase,the 5,9 steps were done to remove starch and protein respectively. The soluble fiber would be filtered with 4 others volumes of ethanol, the insoluble fiber would be filtered with Celite ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Asp</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>22</RecNum><DisplayText>(Asp, Johansson et al. 1983)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>22</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>22</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Asp, Nils G</author><author>Johansson, Claes G</author><author>Hallmer, Haakan</author><author>Siljestroem, Monica</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Rapid enzymic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber</title><secondary-title>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>476-482</pages><volume>31</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>1983</year></dates><isbn>0021-8561</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Asp, Johansson et al. 1983). The bomb calorimeter which is extracted from the Latin words that means heat measuring, it is used to measure the calories or the total heat in a burnt food sample using oxygen in a closed vessel which is enclosed by water, on a temperature of more than 1000o C, and an pressure of 2900psi all the organic components will be burnt inorganic components such as minerals will be oxidized, and during that process he heat exposed will determine the energy of the sample (Linde, 2007). Common procedure for the analytical of fat is hydrolysis method, which is used to release the bound of lipid before the actual extractions, ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Eller</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>23</RecNum><DisplayText>(Eller and King 1996)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>23</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Conference Proceedings”>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Eller, FRED J</author><author>King, JERRY W</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Determination of fat content in foods by analytical SFE</title><secondary-title>Seminars in Food Analysis</secondary-title></titles><pages>145-162</pages><volume>1</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>1996</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Eller and King 1996). For the sugar there has is a procedure called “Determination of Sugars, Byproducts, and Degradation Products in Liquid Fraction Process Samples”, that is used to show how much sugar inside a solution by hydrolyzing it, and the sugar will be released into a liquid steam ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sluiter</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText>(Sluiter, Hames et al. 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>24</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sluiter, A</author><author>Hames, B</author><author>Ruiz, R</author><author>Scarlata, C</author><author>Sluiter, J</author><author>Templeton, D</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Determination of sugars, byproducts, and degradation products in liquid fraction process samples</title></titles><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Sluiter, Hames et al. 2006). For the sodium, several methods can be used such as flame atomic absorption and ion-selective electrode ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ehling</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><DisplayText>(Ehling, Tefera et al. 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ehling, Stefan</author><author>Tefera, Sebhat</author><author>Earl, Robert</author><author>Cole, Shannon</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Comparison of analytical methods to determine sodium content of low-sodium foods</title><secondary-title>Journal of AOAC International</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of AOAC International</full-title></periodical><pages>628-637</pages><volume>93</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>1060-3271</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Ehling, Tefera et al. 2010).
Results:
Graph 1. Individual and food package values for dietary fiber content of food type.
Graph 2 mean class fibers content per 100g
Graph 3. Individual and food package values for energy value of food type.
Table.1
Digestible carbohydrate content of food type calculated from class mean values of other food constituents
2.8% in a sample
Table.2
Energy content of food type calculated from individual and energy factors for food constituents
1400.6KJ
Graph 4
Diagram 1Diagram 2
Discussion:
From graph 2 you can see that the fiber content in the class product per 100g is 18.7g of fiber, which would suggest that 7.4 gram of fiber is in the serving size, according to FSANZ, the serving size of seven gram or more of fiber would be an excellent source of fiber, therefore, our product can claim fiber content because it fits the category of 1.2.7 as it slightly higher than the maximum of 7 suggested by the food standard department (FSANZ, 2013).From diagram 1,2 we can see how the enzymes amylase and protease can take place to and break down all the starch and the protein inside the solution. The inexperience students can cause the difference between groups’ results, as more mistakes can be made with the lack of experience, in our group for example, we had leak in the aluminum foil that made plenty of water to go in and change our solution, that is why we had to complete the experiment with the group in our bench, that is one of the potential error that could happen in the laboratory.The reasons for the different between groups’ results can be the same reasons that have been mentioned in the last paragraph. The difference between our results and the NIP is related to the technique used, as the bomb calorimeter is not very accurate as it is only used temperature difference, that is why our results is not as same as the NIP (Colby college). Knowing the percentage of saturate fat, sugar, and salt, inside every product is very important to aid the consumers to buy healthier choices ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Balasubramanian</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText>(Balasubramanian and Cole 2002)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Balasubramanian, Siva K</author><author>Cole, Catherine</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Consumers' search and use of nutrition information: The challenge and promise of the nutrition labeling and education act</title><secondary-title>The Journal of Marketing</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The Journal of Marketing</full-title></periodical><pages>112-127</pages><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0022-2429</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Balasubramanian and Cole 2002), therefore, if the consumers get trustworthy information about the content of the product, in addition to their knowledge about the risks come from those unhealthy elements, that would increase the overall health of consumers by buying healthier choices ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Balasubramanian</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText>(Balasubramanian and Cole 2002)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app=”EN” db-id=”erzssr92pt0tveet2595zaxtdrs50x2s0sa9″>26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name=”Journal Article”>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Balasubramanian, Siva K</author><author>Cole, Catherine</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Consumers' search and use of nutrition information: The challenge and promise of the nutrition labeling and education act</title><secondary-title>The Journal of Marketing</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The Journal of Marketing</full-title></periodical><pages>112-127</pages><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0022-2429</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Balasubramanian and Cole 2002). The current method used to estimate the energy content is by multiplying the number of grams by the kilojoules that it produces, for example if the product has 20gram of carbohydrates, this figure would multiplied by 17 so it is equal to 340 kilojoules, gram of protein is 17 kilojoules, while alcohol Is 29 and fat is 37 which is the highest (FSANZ, 2013). Sometimes the NIP of some manufactures would be different, as the nutrients that they want to display differ from others product, for example some organic companies would have an organic nutrition panel that are specific for them if they get the requirements to be qualified as organic food (Anderson, 2010). The reason why estimating the energy content from the constituent is more accurate, because of the unreal results that the bomb calorimeter provides, moreover, the protein, carbohydrate and the fat have fixed energy, therefore it is more accurate to use them as measurement for the food content.
Conclusion:
From these two sessions, we found out that we got 21g of fiber of each 100g from the oats, in addition, the energy content of the sample of 0.591g was 16.797 Kj, moreover, according to the (FSANZ) our product is an excellent source of dietary fiber, as the (FSANZ) stated that if the product has 7 or more grams per serves of fiber that would be great enough to qualify the product as “high in fiber”, I have learned from this sessions to be more careful in the future as I did made a mistake by letting water to leak in my solutions, moreover, to be more careful with each step during the process, as every step is very important.
Reference:
Anderson, J 2010, Understanding the food label, Colardo State University, retrieved 15 September 2013, <http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09365.html>.
ADDIN EN.REFLIST Asp, N. G., et al. (1983). “Rapid enzymic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry31(3): 476-482.
Balasubramanian, S. K. and C. Cole (2002). “Consumers’ search and use of nutrition information: The challenge and promise of the nutrition labeling and education act.” The Journal of Marketing: 112-127.
Colby College N,D, The enthalpy of formation of camphor by bomb calorimeter, Colbgy College, retrieved 13 september 2013, <http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/PChem/lab/EnthalpyofFormation.pdf>
Ehling, S., et al. (2010). “Comparison of analytical methods to determine sodium content of low-sodium foods.” Journal of AOAC International93(2): 628-637.
Eller, F. J. and J. W. King (1996). Determination of fat content in foods by analytical SFE. Seminars in Food Analysis.
Food Standars Australia New Zealand, 2013, Nutrition Panel Calculater, Food Standars Australia New Zealand, retrieved 15 septmeber 2013,<http://www.foodstandards.gov.au>.
Keller, S. B., et al. (1997). “The effects of nutrition package claims, nutrition facts panels, and motivation to process nutrition information on consumer product evaluations.” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing: 256-269.
Linde, O 2007, Measuring calories in food, Food track, retrieved 14 september 2013, <http://www.oxygenbombcalorimeter.com/pdfs/literature/Measuring-Calories-in-Food.pdf>.
Sluiter, A., et al. (2006). “Determination of sugars, byproducts, and degradation products in liquid fraction process samples.”
Portfolio analysis for Samsung
Portfolio analysis for Samsung
Student’s Name:
Institution:
Introduction
Samsung is among the leading electronic companies in the world, and its products include cell phones, cameras, televisions, refrigeration equipment, and other forms of electronic devices. Samsung group is a multinational conglomerate company from South Korea with its headquarters based in the town of Samsung, Seoul. The company consists of a number of subsidiaries and businesses that are affiliated with most of them being united under the brand name of Samsung. It is the largest company in South Korea and contributes significantly to the economy of the country. Industrial subsidiaries of Samsung include the Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries, and Samsung Engineering. Others include the Samsung Life Insurance, Samsung Everland, Samsung Techwin etc. this essay paper will conduct a portfolio analysis of the Samsung Group. It will analytically look at the strengths and weaknesses of the company, external and internal environment of the company.
Discussion
Social cultural factors
The Republic of Korea has what is known as high context culture. Consequently, messages are comprehended on the basis of the full context of the relationship between the communicators. This has obvious implications on the business, as there is need for social etiquette as well as formality in official circumstances such as business meetings. Conveying a message involves observance of unofficial rules as though they were written. All companies that intend to carry out business in partnership with Samsung or employees who are non-Koreans who wish to work for Samsung in South Korea have to consider this. In Korea, gender roles are still traditionally differentiated and as such women do not find many positions in government and business employment opportunities except in the western nations. This factor places implications on human resource management by the Samsung. Women from foreign countries who work in the country are subject to such socially constructed values which have often been criticized by Americans. Recommendations are made that the company try its best to factor in all social-cultural practices in management of labor force, while trying to keep all rules of business ethics.
Legal factors
The Korea’s present legal system is said to have been laid out by the Japanese occupation during the 20th Century first part. As such, just like Japan, South Korea follows the commercial and civil codes of Continental Europe. Civil codes of Korea are consist of general legal principles that require lengthy interpretation by the courts unlike the system of the case law in the United States common law practice. As some American scholars point out, interpretation of Korean law has very little predictability. Samsung, being located in South Korea, is subject to these codes. In this kind of environment, lawsuits are expected to be resolved outside the courts. In Korea, lawyers are peacemakers and seek to promote harmony rather than advocates. This shows that Samsung enjoys favorable legal environment.
Political environment
There have been consistent trends towards liberalization and greater democracy. It is said that the Korean government has consistently been strongly influencing business culture in the country. It is reported that from as long as 1960s, the government of Korea has been formulating plans to encourage development of businesses and nurturing their survival through special aid. This shows that there is commitment by the government to uphold a culture of doing business in Korea. In the reign of President Chun Doo- Hwan and Park Chun Hee, business environment was further promoted by policies like tax relief, subsidies and protective tarrifs. This is largely attributed to be one of the factors behind expansion of Samsung. The government, after the great crisis, forced the chaebols to undertake financial restructuring of the industry and emphasize on core business. This shows that the government has total support for businesses and so is Samsung.
Competition.
Among the chaebols in Korea is the LG Company which, just like Samsung, manufactures electronic facilities with world wide market. Although Samsung has been coming up with innovative strategies to maintain their competitive edge like manufacturing smartphones, great competition is being experienced especially from Chinese electronics which are relatively cheaper. Other companies like Nokia and Motorola also influence the market share. It is therefore recommended that Samsung Group should keep conducting market survey and maintain technological innovation so as to remain relevant in the market.
Marketing and publicity
Samsung has been undertaking massive publicity campaigns. For instance, it is the sponsor of the Chelsea Football Club in England. This not only serves to publicise the company but also adds value to the society since such sponsorship is taken as part of company’s social responsibility. Samsung products have been in the market for long and this adds to the strength of marketing.
Past success
Progress of the Samsung Company in the past adds to its advantages in the market share. The company plays big role in the economy, culture politics and media. It is recognized to have been the driving force behind many economic developments in South Korea, with its subsidiaries producing around one fifth of the country’s total exports. The progress of the company in the past is important since it gives it confidence in more expansion strategies. The progress has positively impacted the country’s economy with 17 percent of her GDP being revenue contributions by the Samsung. The flourish has also earned positive image from the lenders and therefore the company stand a better chance to obtain capital in terms of debt or stock.
Operations
Samsung Group operations involve a number of affiliate companies with strategies in place to acquire more others. Currently, there are over eighty of them in total with the electronics one being the recent largest contributor of revenues. Activities include electronics, construction, shipbuilding, financial services and medical services all of which have provided job employment to over 39600 people. Operating such a diversified nature of market is usually risk and great managerial skill is necessary. A BCG Growth Share Matrix for some of the significant affiliate businesses is shown below:
Growth rate
HighLow
Cash cows
Electronic Industries Question marks
Construction industries
Star
Financial services Dogs
Chemical industries
High
Market share
Low
Recently, Samsung electronics became the most selling in the world and overtook Nokia. Devices like cell phones have taken considerably largest market share and outdoing other companies that had domineered the market. It is recommended that more financing be done to keep innovation thigh. Research should be conducted on the chemical industries and more marketing and publicity need to be done.
Conclusion
Samsung Company survived the great economic crisis that affected Asia and has been doing so well amongst the chaebols in South Korea. This essay paper has outlined various strengths and weaknesses which are largely determined by the external and internal environment of the company. Recommendations have also been given where necessary as to what ought to be done.