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Article review of Kostof ,S.(1991).The city Shaped,

Article review:

Name:

Professor:

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Course:

Date:

Davis,M.(2004).Planet of slums. New Left Review Vol.26

Planet of Slums is one of the books dedicated to the study of the effects of urbanization. The writer takes a different approach in that he uses examples of popular slums like Jakarta, and Lagos in Nigeria. The following countries are located in the developing world thus making them subject to the lack of proper management of the urbanized area. The book ensures an adequate analysis of the growth of slums from the past to present day. Planet of Slums is a reflection of the negative features that come with the building and growth of architecture. The book showcases the plight of the people who reside in the affected areas and their struggle with the change of environment. The writer looks at the progress the countries are taking to eradicate the issue so as to promote a healthy environment. This is brought out through the use of real life situations experienced in the slums. The rate of the growth of slums continues to ride due to the mismanagement by authorities in this sector. The writer brings out the reasons for the growing rate and the recommendations on how to solve the issue. The book gives an insight to new readers who intend to know about the situation at hand. It thus acts as an educational device to interested parties. It is an easy read due to the writing style used by the writers in all the chapters. This makes it accessible to new readers who choose to take an interest in the geographical state of a majority of the urbanized cities.

Hall,P.(2002).Cities of Tomorrow. Chapter 2 City of Dreadful Night pp13-47

Geoffrey Halls, Cities of Tommorow is one of the geographical books that pay tribute to the planning and development of the country. The main theme of the book is based on the initial stages of urbanization in the 20th century era. Hall manages to display the environmental issues that have arisen from urbanization. The book forms a relationship between urban development and the rise of environmental issue such as global warming and ozone depletion. The book offers some of the essential rules of environmental friendly city planning for people who choose to take on planning and development as a career. The writer ensures a proper introduction of the book which in turn provides a proper understanding of the geography of the country. This is also ideal because it helps form a foundation of the study of modern city planning. Chapter two is more critical owing to its emphasis on the pivotal geographical structures. A large percentage of the modern architecture is influenced by traditional architecture. The author forms a relationship between the present designs and the initial forms of inspiration. This makes the reader follow the journey of the growth of the industry. Cities of tomorrow, is fundamental to the proper comprehension of the arrangement of the cities. The writer showcases how improper planning has resorted to environmental hazards. This creates an avenue for awareness of the treatment of the environment through the study of environment related issues. One of the advantages of the book is its interesting depictions of the initial rules and laws of urbanization. The book thus brings out the simplicity of the art form without taking away the professionalism used in the past. Despite this, the book displays some weaknesses by limiting the focus of the cities. This secludes key players in the industry which have shaped the current geographical situation. Written in 2002, the book is recent and to some extent making it a credible source of information. This makes it one a preferred book in the area of study to date.

Hall,T., Hubbard,P. and Short, J.R.eds (2008)Modernity and Utopia: The Sage Companion to the City pp67-87.

Hall and Hubbard use the book to provide a comprehensive study guide of the city dynamics. The writers look into the main contributors to the urbanization of the cities. The book contains different sections that organize the content into four different categories. This provides a better understanding of the book due to the carefully illustrated examples of the book. The writers cover key aspects of the topic in question making the book preferred choice of reference. One of the key aspects of the book is the relation of culture in the growth of the economy. Culture is one of the determining factors in the development of urbanization. A majority of the cultural aspects are said to be a source of inspiration for architecture and urbanization. The book is thus ideal for the creation of awareness of the modern and traditional way of living. The city environment is thus reflective of the cultures responsible for the developed cities. The environment is modern due to the change of the building and planning trends. This as a result influences the change of societal environment to suite the latest forms of developments.

Kostof ,S.(1991).The city Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History. Boston ,New York, Toronto, London, Little Brown &Co. “ The city in History”pp29-41

The city shaped is one of the monumental books that talk of the country’s history in terms of its geographical plan. Kostof looks at the geographical nature of North America using the major landmarks that shaped the cultural aspects of the continent as a whole. The book is descriptive in nature due to the explanation of the inception of the urbanization in the Americas. Urbanization is an essential aspect in the present due to its effects on the ecosystem and the environment. Most of the buildings and industrial structures have led to the elimination of the natural resources and features. The author uses examples of landmarks that have been vital to the growth and sustainability of the ancient cities. The growth of the cities has in turn led to the demise of the environment due to the lack of regard for environmental sustainability. The book forms its premise on the use of ancient articles, traditional history and literature stored in the archives. This is essential in that it provides an adequate analysis of the lifestyles of the people in this era. Kostof displays an immense amount of knowledge through his performance of research and exploration. This gives the book an edge over the rest in all aspects. The book contains explanations of commonly used geographical meanings. This in turn gives a depth analysis of early urbanization and the patens they entail. The book is an easy read due to the writers approach on the writing style used. This serves as an advantage in terms of the reception of the book by new readers. The book is not updated seeing as it is published in 1991. This limits the information given by the book owing to the number of discoveries made over the years. The book is highly reliable and credible making it a significant contributor to the study of geography. It is thus therefore a must read for students who choose to study the history of urbanization in relation to the geographical nature of the country as a whole.

References

Davis,M.(2004).Planet of slums. New Left Review Vol.26

Hall,T., Hubbard,P. and Short, J.R.eds Gold,J.R.(2008). ‘Modernity and Utopia :The Sage Companion to the City pp67-87

Hall,P.(2002).Cities of Tomorrow. Chapter 2 City of Dreadful Night pp13-4.

Kostof ,S.(1991).The city Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History. Boston ,New York, Toronto, London, Little Brown &Co. “ The city in History”pp29-41.

Article Review of By Haley Edwards’, “’No One Is Safe.’ How Trump’s Immigration Policy Is Splitting Families Apart”

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Article Review of By Haley Edwards’, “’No One Is Safe.’ How Trump’s Immigration Policy Is Splitting Families Apart”

The article by The Times Dubbed “Ripped Apart: The Cost of American’s Immigration Crackdown” discusses the immigration policy by Trump’s Administration. The author explores the details of this policy, its impact on undocumented immigrants, their families, and most especially the children. By employing the rhetorical devices of persuasion; pathos and logos, the author, Haley Edwards, aims to shed light on the adverse effects of this policy and to persuade the reader that the policy not only rips families apart, but has an everlasting effect on the children’s mental, emotional, and social health and affects various aspects of their lives.

This article discusses the 2017 policy on immigration that posited zero-tolerance for illegal immigrants in the nation. Trump’s solid stance on immigration was the main focus of his administration and the rallying cry of his administration. To date, his administration has made significant changes to immigration policies in the nation. For instance, immigration enforcement in the interior of the nation has been increased by extending enforcement priorities, by the elimination of temporary protection for some noncitizens, by the reduction of refugee admissions into the nation, and by banning the nationals of seven countries from entering the country stating security concerns. These high-profile policy changes have been subjected to debate since some of the citizenry does not agree with them. The author of this particular article does not agree with these policies stating it is not about the immigration policies of the Administration, but rather, the inhumane way these exercises are conducted. Instead of targeting violent offenders first, the new approach is indiscriminate, it arrests and/or deports persons with no criminal records, hardworking persons, doting parents, breadwinners, and community leaders.

Summary of the article

The article strongly disagrees with President Donald Trump’s immigration policy and gives emotional accounts of some families that have ripped apart due to this policy. The author mainly focuses on the story of Maria, Alejandro and their young family. She argues that although a hardworking man, a loving husband and father without any criminal record, Alejandro was arrested and deported to Mexico leaving Maria to fend for her kids alone and for the children to grow up without a father. The article also discusses other cases of families that have been separated due to this policy. Edwards’ employs pathos to tell these emotional stories to persuade the reader into opposing the Trump policy. The immigrant cases appeal emotionally. Edwards also uses logos to appeal to the reader logically. She uses statistics to compare the numbers of immigrants arrested and/or deported by the Trump and Obama regimes. She compares the two regimes stating that the Obama regime was more humanistic since it did not aim to deport all the 11 million immigrants in the nation but to deport the criminals first and to ensure that family members are not separated, especially for law-abiding immigrant families.

I do not think that this policy will in any way benefit America economically or in social issues such as crime. However, I think that it is vital for a nation to guide its boundaries and to control the people coming in. Therefore, there should be stringent measures to avoid a spike in illegal immigration in the countries. However, for illegal immigrants in the nation, more humane methods of deportation and arrests should be utilized. For instance, families should not be separated. The separation of families has a myriad of adverse effects on the family members’ mental health, emotional well-being, and affects the children’s ability to socialize, to learn and grasp educational concepts.

Analysis of the Trump policy: Good or not for the nation

Immigration is a historical issue that has affected the US since time immemorial. The history of immigration policies has shown that the country has always formulated policies aimed at ‘fixing’ a damaged economy damaged by outsiders, or because of the fear of strangers. However, despite all these policies, the number of immigrants has been on the increase, and this has resulted in a scare in some American politicians and citizens. However, measures such as closing up borders and throwing out immigrants are only short-term and biased responses to the issue. America requires a long-term solution that not only caters to the economic needs of the country but for safeguarding its citizens and the rights of the immigrants.

The Trump administration bases its immigration policies on the subjects of security and crime, protection of workers and laborers, and the economy. Today, most Americans believe that there is a strong correlation between immigration and crime. However, persons opposing these policies have stated that scientific and social studies underscore that the perception that immigrants promote crime is an anti-immigrant opinion that is entirely unfounded. Most of the adverse causative associations between property crime and immigration can be accounted for by the effects of immigration on the basic economic environment faced by the citizens. The decrease in violent crime rates is reasonably due to the low tendency of immigrants to commit crimes as they risk losing their right to stay in the US.

On the subject of jobs and employment opportunities, immigration creates a net benefit for the natives but this scenario can only be achieved if immigration allows for redistribution of the income of workers in competition with immigrants to people not in competition with immigrants and to employers, or those who own the capital. The net benefit of immigration is also reliant on the size of the economy and the characteristics of redistribution. The disadvantages of immigration are however, mostly felt by the poor since the poorest Americans are in constant competition with the immigrants, and they are more likely to be the most disadvantaged due to immigration. Immigrants provide cheap labor and thus most companies that use them end up making maximum profits.

In conclusion, Trump’s policy will thus not help the country in the long-run. Although it has the economic interests of the nation at heart, it is inhumane to the immigrant families. The first step to mitigate the immigration problem would be to identify what the real problem is, then find a suitable working solution. Currently, the US holds up to 11 million undocumented aliens, and this number grows annually. This is the problem the US is facing, and the risk to security rather than the threat of the economy. The country should employ and efficient Guest Worker Program that biometrically identifies all persons entering and leaving the borders. This program would give immigrants identification, and this would be crucial in hiring. This status, however, of a Guest Worker, should not accrue the individual social security benefits or citizenship. This would help mitigate costs incurred by the government due to immigrants. This solution would need a suitable structure to be implemented and concerted efforts from leaders of both parties. In so doing, problems arising from future waves of immigrants will be avoided.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Edwards, Haley Sweetland. “‘No One Is Safe.’ How Trump’s Immigration Policy Is Splitting Families Apart.” Times Magazine 8 March 2018. <http://time.com/longform/donald-trump-immigration-policy-splitting-families/>.

HOMEWORK #1

HOMEWORK #1

50 points – DUE BY 7PM ON 9/28/2021

READ ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS, POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED FOR NOT FOLLOWING EVERY SINGE INSTRUCTION!!!!!!

Below are 20 terms for you to use in a single story (do not use each term in its own sentence). You do not have to use the terms in any specific order. You may be reading your story to the class so be creative and have fun!

When using the LEGAL term (first 10 terms), explain its meaning in the story so I know you understand its meaning. You do not have to explain the “filler words” (second 10 terms).

For example: When Bob saw Sally he freaked out. He ran up to her with his fist pulled back. Sally was scared to death. Since it was apparent Bob had the ability to carry through with his threat to Sally, the police arrested him for assault.

YOU MUST HIGHLIGHT AND UNDERLINE EACH OF THE 20 TERMS IN THE STORY SO I CAN SEE YOU USED EACH AND EVERY TERM.

DO NOT HIGHLIGHT AND UNDERLINE THEM EACH TIME, JUST ONCE SO I KNOW YOU USED THE TERM.

Points will be deducted for missing terms, incorrectly used terms, terms that not sufficiently explained, any terms not highlighted and underlined, and terms highlighted/underlined more than once.

LEGAL TERMS – Must be specifically described in story to let me know you understand the legal term.

Assault

Battery

2nd degree Misdemeanor

Information (the legal charging document, not facts provided)

Preliminary hearing

Grand Jury

First appearance/advisory

Judge

Bond

Withhold of adjudication

FILLER TERMS

OJ Simpson

Donald Trump

fist

Middle finger

Lucky Charms

6 pack of Busch Beer

Pillowcase

Honda Civic

911 call

Jail