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Homeless Shelter Defense Training
Homeless Shelter Defense Training
Author’s name
Institutional Affiliation
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc315032698 h 3Lesson Plan and Transfer of Training PAGEREF _Toc315032699 h 3The Cost-Benefit of Training PAGEREF _Toc315032700 h 4Return on Investment PAGEREF _Toc315032701 h 5Transfer of Training PAGEREF _Toc315032702 h 6Evaluation PAGEREF _Toc315032703 h 6Training Methods PAGEREF _Toc315032704 h 8Other Methods of Training PAGEREF _Toc315032705 h 10Videos & Films PAGEREF _Toc315032706 h 10Tutorials & Group Discussions PAGEREF _Toc315032707 h 10Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc315032708 h 11References PAGEREF _Toc315032709 h 12Appendices PAGEREF _Toc315032710 h 13Appendix 1. PAGEREF _Toc315032711 h 13XYZ Defense Training Center Program Schedule PAGEREF _Toc315032712 h 13Appendix 2. PAGEREF _Toc315032714 h 14XYZ Defense Training Center Training Evaluation Form PAGEREF _Toc315032715 h 14Appendix 3. PAGEREF _Toc315032716 h 16Advantages and disadvantages of the three training methods. PAGEREF _Toc315032717 h 16
IntroductionHomeless shelter employees require stronger defense to counter violence. This is as a result of the rising incidents of insecurity particularly in the neighborhoods. In recent times numerous employees of homeless shelters have been attacked by assailants. A case in point is a woman employee of ABC Homeless shelter, located in a violent division of Harrisburg’s Hill neighborhood. The employee took several weeks for her jaw to restore to health following the daylight beating. She fears retribution from the attacker, who is still at large. The homeless shelter ought to be a safe haven. However, employees are taking into consideration security upgrades following the recent acts of hostility against its residents and employees.
Lesson Plan and Transfer of TrainingTraining at the XYZ Defense Training Center should be regarded as an investment in self-improvement. The center provides regular classes, private workshops or training, whereby the participants learn the most efficient, practical, and extremely refined self-defense techniques. This training enables an individual to defend themselves as well as other persons in diverse situations (Burney, 2008). The Classes at the XYZ Defense Training Center are structured in order to provide personalized attention as well as instruction to guide participants during the training. The training in self defense entails the following;
Muay ThaiMuay Thai which is a martial art that originates from Thailand. This is a national sport in Thailand and a certified event in Asian Indoor Games.
Boxing, this is a combat related sport as well as a striking system.
Aerobic Kickboxing or Cardio Kickboxing this is one of the admired fitness trends in contemporary health clubs.
Wrestling, this is a very old martial art that utilizes grappling type skills. Wrestling techniques are incorporated in the military combat systems as well.
Grappling, this is a mix of styles that comprise techniques such Judo, Sambo, Jiujitsu as well as Olympic Wrestling.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, this is a combat sport and martial art that centers on ground fighting.
Mixed Martial Arts, this is a combat sport that facilitates a broad variety of combat skills and techniques from an assortment of martial arts.
This training will be attended by all employees at ABC Homeless shelter. The training will be conducted by qualified trainers from XYZ Defense Training Center. See Appendix 1.
The Cost-Benefit of TrainingWhile it’s simple to document the finances spent on employee training, computing training benefits is complex because every employee brings different benefits from the training. An employer may implement several steps in order to translate subtle benefits into figures that mirror positively on the bottom line. Evaluating training costs to the generated savings helps in justifying the expenses. In general, the benefits accrued in training validate the expenditure accrued in training (Nichols, 2009).
Generally, the savings cost for every participant surpasses the training expenditure for every participant, particularly when measured over time. Generating the necessary metrics helps human resource managers in computing the actual expenditure as well as realistic benefits, including savings. Running these programs for chosen employees and determining a rational rate of enhanced performance facilitates a manager to compute savings and recognize changes in attitudes and behavior following the training (Yoram, 2008).
In computing the savings, the errors may be reduced from 100 to 50 in each month. If it now requires one hour attending to each of the 50 problems, multiplied by $20 for every hour for labor, it will equals to $1,000 for each month. That represents savings of $1,000. The manager ought to identify when the savings occur, for instance, three months following the training. Compute the total projected savings by dividing the total savings by number of participants to make out the savings per employee (Nichols, 2009).
Return on InvestmentReturn on investment (ROI) refers to a measure of the financial benefits realized by an organization in the course of specified duration in return for a specific investment in a training program. ROI is the level to which the outputs (benefits) of training surpass the inputs (costs). ROI may be utilized to rationalize a designed investment as well as to evaluate the scope to which the projected return was attained. However, ROI cannot compute all facets of training success, such as whether or not the participants liked the training. ROI cannot also compute the level to which the participants’ individual objectives were attained (Daniel, 2009).
Carrying out financial ROI evaluation of training is a contentious issue. It’s a complex task execute in absolute terms owing to the numerous aspects that require consideration. Some of the aspects would be impossible to accurately quantify, or even to define in strict financial terms. Attaching a monetary value and connecting this to a single training program, is usually impossible. Therefore, several training ROI evaluations are fundamentally best estimates. In the event that ROI-type computations are required in aspects whereby reliable monetary evaluation is impossible, it is prudent to adopt a notional indicator or a best possible approach (Weiss, 2008).
If absolutely quantifiable data is not available, a useful notional indication should be provided. One may refer to the original training needs analysis that impelled the training in the first place. In this case, consider the performance factors that were anticipated to be improved by the training. These original drivers should be utilized to gauge and relate to the organizational return attained (Cooper & Schindler, 2003).
Transfer of TrainingTransfer of training refers to the benefits that are put into use the training participants in regard to the knowledge and skills learnt to their work practices (Phelps, 2007).
Following the self-defense training offered at the XYZ Defense Training Center, the homeless shelter employees will be in a better position to handle any type of aggression that they encounter. The employees are now confident that they are better equipped to defend themselves in case of any forms of aggression, considering that the shelter is located in a highly volatile neighborhood.
EvaluationIt is vital to assess the outcomes of training programs. The participants ought to be made aware of the objectives of program, and upon completion of the training, they must be to appraise the impact of the training. Evaluation in any program is a complex task, and especially, training programs. The primary step towards evaluation of training programs is to define the objectives of the program. These objectives ought to be stated in a format that they may be statistically measured. The trainer as well as the trainees must be acquainted with their roles in the training program (Keller, 2002). The foremost requirement is to compile valid as well as reliable data. In this case, interviews and questionnaire techniques would be most efficient. The evaluation of the training in this case would be executed by the use of questionnaires.
Questionnaires appear in all types of surveys and research. Hence, it is extremely fundamental that the questionnaire should be framed with extreme care. This is important in order that it evaluates the variables in precisely the way it is designed for. Following properly framed designing, a pretest should be conducted in order to investigate whether the questions denote the same thing in the perspective of the trainee and the trainer. In the event that the questionnaire is found to be inappropriate, the questionnaire must be redesigned, and a subsequent pilot survey conducted. In the event that the questionnaire is found to be appropriate, full survey ought to be conducted. The questionnaire must be redesigned if found to be inappropriate. The validity as well as the reliability of the questionnaire must be accurately evaluated prior to executing full surveys. In regard to compilation of data, it is critical to plan the data collection process.
Three key factors should be considered in the evaluation study. The first factor concerns the evaluation study’s internal stability. This refers to how accurately the study gauges what the study aims to achieve. This usually entails the appropriateness and adequacy of the measuring instrument. External validity comprises the second factor. This involves the extent to which the findings may be applicable beyond the sample population involved in the survey. The conclusion achieved on the basis of collected data should be universally applicable. On the contrary, the compiled data must have the validity as well as the reliability to the extent that its findings are applicable to similar situations (Cooper & Schindler, 2003).
The third factor concerns reliability. The evaluation study’s reliability is the extent to which the outcomes would be replicated. The obvious technique is to repeat tests as well as observations. Techniques like incorporating the same questions but in dissimilar forms or utilizing multiple observes can be useful. The fourth factor is to carry out and determine reaction levels of the trainees in regard to the training program. The reaction criterion should be established in terms of open dialogue between the trainees, trainers, as well; as the management. This will present sufficient prospects to the management to determine whether or not the program is realizing the presupposed objectives. This kind of an evaluation ought to be conducted in the middle of the training duration (Phelps, 2007). The reaction criterion has a tendency to enlighten the trainers if the training program is attaining the goals as perceived. In other words, the trainers would be able to ascertain the satisfaction level of the trainees as regarding the training program. To establish and accumulate this type of information, the trainees would be required to fill out a self-complete questionnaire. This is whereby the trainees would be expected to decide between varieties of alternatives and respond to a number of the open ended questions.
It is essential to consider that, the self-fulfilled questionnaire inquire about information as pertains to entry briefing. This refers to whether the goals of the training program were attained, and how far they have been constructive. It also evaluates whether the performance of the trainers has been acceptable, and also the utility of the training methods. In the event of any discrepancies, the mid-term assessment facilitates the trainers in reframing the training methodology, as well as and accommodate to the trainees’ needs accordingly (Thomchick, 2005). See Appendix 2.
Training MethodsTraining programs improves employees’ performance. The selection of the appropriate methods of training to incorporate in training programs is imperative for several reasons. There are numerous dissimilar methods of training that may be utilized in improving proficiency in self defence. What needs to be considered is the duration and intensity of energy use in the chosen martial art. The different kinds of training entail activities that may last for different durations of time (Demsetz, 2003).
The training method that is adopted in this paper is coaching, or mentoring. Coaching/mentoring provides the employees with a chance to get one-on-one training from a qualified professional. This generally occurs after more formal training process has taken place in order to develop on what the trainees have already been familiarized with (Velasquez, 2010). Coaching/mentoring provides the trainees the opportunity to ask questions as well as receive comprehensive and candid answers. This may not be possible in a classroom setting with a group of trainees. When mentoring relationships develop between the coach and his student, a unique connection is instituted beyond the communal objectives for competitive success. In this case, the coach as mentor endeavors to direct the trainee towards success. While assuming on a mentorship role with one trainee is time consuming, it provides considerable benefits to the two parties. Mentoring relationships may be reciprocally transforming for both mentee and the mentor, as each transforms toward improved self-actualization (Reichenberg, 2009).
The benefit to the mentoring method is that the mentor may institute trust in the association devoid of risking a loss of reverence from the trainee. A coach is fundamentally the team leader and would thus make ostracized decisions several times in the course of the training period. Maintaining an aspect of professional detachment between the coach and the trainees preserves the authority of the coach. A major disadvantage in this model is the aspect of dependency. It is evident in mentoring relationships that the usually draw into narcissistic facets of self. This means that, the trainees may subconsciously become excessively dependent on the control of their coach, and sequentially, coaches may find it difficult to release their trainees when direction of the coach is no longer required (Chase, 2001). See Appendix 3.
Other Methods of TrainingVideos & FilmsVideos and films may be utilized in combination with other methods of training, or on their own. To be really effective, training videos and films ought to be geared towards a particular objective. Only when they are produced efficiently, will they maintain the trainee’s attention. Videos and films are also efficient in stimulating dialogue on particular issues following conclusion of the video or film. Videos and films are good instruments for training, but they also have several disadvantages. The most critical disadvantage is the lack of interaction between the trainees and the trainer. Screening a video of film from an external source may not tap on the pertinent issues that directly affect a specific company. The trainees may perceive the information quite interesting but inappropriate to their situation in the company. Several trainers prefer to screen videos as a break from a different training method (Stapleton, 2000). See Appendix 3.
Tutorials & Group DiscussionsTutorials and group discussions mostly occur in a classroom setting whereby a group of individuals discuss issues. For instance, if an unusual program is to be executed, a group discussion concerning the new program may permit employees to pose questions. The employees would also have an opportunity to offer ideas on their perceptions on the way the program would realize the most appropriate outcomes. Tutorials and group discussions allow every trainee to talk about issues that concern the new training program. It also facilitates every participant to voice diverse ideas (Gattorna, 2009). See Appendix 3.
ConclusionRegardless of the selected model, the evaluation of training programs has definite aims to accomplish. These are related to the establishment of change in organizational behavior as well as the change necessary in the organizational structure. For this reason, evaluation of training programs must enlighten us on whether the training program has in reality been able to accomplish the objectives and goals in terms of expenditure incurred as well as benefits attained (Easterby, 2009).
ReferencesBurney, S. (2008). Inductive & Deductive Research Approach, Karachi: University Of Karachi. Press.
Chase, A. (2001).Production & Operations Management, New York: Homewood Press. 2000.
Cooper & Schindler. (2003). Business Research Methods, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Daniel, H. (2009). The S Corporation Financial Adjustment. Handbook of Business Appraisal & Intellectual Property Evaluation, New York, McGraw Hill.
Demsetz, H. (2003). Property Rights Paradigm, London: Sage.
Easterby, S. (2009). Management Research, London: Sage. 2005.
Gattorna, H. (2009). Contemporary Training Methods, Prentice Hall, Harlow, Essex.
Nichols, E. (2009). Introduction to SCM, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Keller, S. (2002). Management Outsourcing Guide, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Phelps, T. (2007).Organizing & Managing Training Programs: A Practical Guide, London: Sage.
Reichenberg, L. (2009). Systems, Skills & Strategies and Skills, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Stapleton, D. (2000). Strategic Management, London: Sage.
Thomchick, E. (2005). Business Management: Planning and Control, Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Velasquez, M. (2010). Business Ethics Concepts & Cases, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
Weiss, F. (2008). Elementary Statistics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U.P.
Yoram, B. (2008). Economic Rights & the Capacity of the State. N. Y: Free Press.
AppendicesAppendix 1.XYZ Defense Training Center Program ScheduleClass Schedule:Kun Tao Dumpag
Tuesday: 09:30 – 11:30 AM
Thursday: 09:30 – 11:30 AM
Saturday: 10:30 – 12:30 AM
Integrated Grappling Systems
Monday: 02:30 – 04:30 PM
Wednesday: 02:30 – 04:30 PM
Jun Fan Gung Fu
Monday: 09:30 – 11:30 AM
Wednesday: 09:30 – 11:30 AM
Wing Chun Kung Fu
Monday: 6:30 – 8:00 PM
Wednesday: 6:30 – 8:00 PM
Weapons Class: Kali, Eskrima, Arnis, and Empty Hand Part – Panantukin and Pananjakman
Tuesday: 02:00 – 04:00 PM
Thursday: 02:00 – 04:00 PM
N.B All women trainees are expected to attend Kuntao Dumpag sessions.
Appendix 2.
XYZ Defense Training Center Training Evaluation FormPlease indicate your position at ABC Homeless shelter. I am a: __________________________
Kindly indicate your feelings of the items listed below.
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
The knowledge learned is applicable. Training fulfilled my expectations. Training content was well organized and uncomplicated to follow. Training objectives in every subject were identified and satisfied. The materials disseminated were pertinent and helpful Quality of training was high-quality. The trainers were knowledgeable. The trainers met training objectives. Sufficient time was given for questions and discussions. Interaction and participation were encouraged. How would you rate this training overall?
How would you rate this training overall?
Excellent Good Average Poor Very poor
What aspects of this training require improvement?
Additional comments?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION!
Appendix 3.
Advantages and disadvantages of the three training methods.Training methods Advantages Disadvantages
Coaching/mentoring Trainees have an opportunity to offer ideas.
Provides the trainee with a chance to get one-on-one training from a qualified professional.
The coach institutes trust between him and the trainee.
Provides the trainees the opportunity to ask questions as well as receive comprehensive and candid answers. Creates the aspect of dependency.
The coach may make ostracized decisions several times.
The method is time consuming.
Videos & FilmsEfficient in stimulating dialogue on particular issues following conclusion of the video or film.
May be utilized in combination with other methods of training. Trainees do not have an opportunity to offer ideas.
The trainees may perceive the information quite interesting but inappropriate to their situation in the company.
Lack of interaction between the trainees and the trainer.
If not produced efficiently, it would be difficult to maintain the trainee’s attention.
Tutorials & Group DiscussionsTrainees have an opportunity to offer ideas. This method lacks the physical aspect of training requisite in self defense training.
Article Reflection
Article Reflection
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
The article titled ‘Fantasmatic Dynamics of the Family: A Projective Approach and Psychosis’ was authored by Isabelle Orgiazzi-Billon-Galland, who is associated with Pierre Mendes in France. The thesis statement is that the paper highlights the elaborations of every participant, including the mother, father, and the child as collected by the Rorschach test. The researchers employed an epistemological framework to assess the traces of potential parental fantasy by analyzing the relationship between the fantastic elaboration of parents showcased through TAT and Rorschach protocols while at the same time studying elaboration of the child on various projective tests. To conduct the study, the families that were subject of this research were subjected to the same methodology. Every child was granted an individual psychological assessment upon the parent’s request. Every child is tested on Rorschach and TAT technique and other tests in a series psychological assessments. At the end of the assessment, they asked the parents if they were willing to take the test themselves. The parents both had to be present on the assessment day and specifically on the interview occasion that was meant to happen prior to the child’s psychological assessment. This idea was that they would not introduce time lengths in between the taking sessions of both parents and the child. Towards the end of the study, they took a TAT and Rorschach protocol of both parents separately but consecutively to avoid exchange between participants.
There are numerous points that arise in the article. There is a boy named Gregory who can only be seen at the request of his parents. This is laid on the grounds that he experiences hard time in mathematics as a subject. To begin with, Gregory believes that he concentrates so much on words that he lacks interest in mathematics. An interview conducted with parents failed to reveal given anamnestic antecedents with their son. They describe him as being a dreamer, slow, and permanently deeply with documents of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. It is important to note that the researchers note that the problem that the young boy Gregory goes through are of paramount significance.
The article concluded that both the TAT and Rorschach are rather close to the dream process that Guillaumin insists has exceptional transitionality power, which allows many looks to reverberate on the same mirror. The study found that projective tests are the same as the dream tend to become mediation (Orgiazzi-Billon-Galland, 2000). This is a common area for both intrafamily and interpersonal mediation and fruitful mediation represents an approach for the fantasy process for triangulation of the mother, father, and child.
The research is reliable as it is clear they employed a viable methodology in carrying out this research. The researcher incorporated the traditional TAT and Rorschach technique in other tests incorporated in the process of psychological assessment. Another indication that the study is reliable is that it was carried out by an expert. The researcher, Isabelle Orgiazzi-Billon-Galland, is associated with a university known as Pierre Mendes in France. Affiliation with a learning institution means that the study is credible, seeing that it was prepared and approved by scholars. As regards validity, while the data found in this article is correct, it might not be viable, seeing that it was published twenty-two years ago in 2000. This makes the information non-credible because a lot of time has passed by, and some information that was correct then might not apply to a world more than two decades later. In this day and age, the oldest text that students should refer to in research should not be more than five years old. The study’s outcome stressed the analysis of numerous Rorschach protocols on why body representation is essential. The study also agrees that stressing correspondence and interactions between parents and the child is important.
References
Orgiazzi-Billon-Galland, I. (2000). Fantasmatic dynamics of the family: A projective approach and psychosis. Rorschachiana, 24(1), 54.
ARTICLE ONE
Article Summary:
Name:
Institution:
ARTICLE ONE
The article investigates whether there is a relationship between the parenting style of a parent and the degree of shyness exhibited by the child they parent. To preface the work, shyness is described is described as a temperamental state in which a child exhibits unease when in a social group composed of individuals unfamiliar to them. the main hypothesis made before the study theorize that children parented by parents who showed affectation and exercised behavioral on them would be more pro-social and moreover, the same associations would be more pronounced in children that exhibit shyness. While conducting the study, questionnaire was the data collection method of choice in which parents of 9368 children born in Finland in the province of central find land were supplied with questionnaires regarding their children`s temperament as far as shyness is concerned as well as their parenting styles. To establish the children`s temperament, the questions used the Children Behavior Questionnaire which contains 175 questions which require ratings on the children`s behavior on a scale of 1 to 7 as the answers.
To collect data on the children`s social behavior, the research used the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) in which a scale of 1 to 4 is used to rate the social behavior of a child on 126 different items. On parenting styles, the research used the Finnish version of Block`s Child Rearing Practices Report (BCRR) parental affection and behavioral control subscales where the participants were required to rate, on a scale of 1 to 5, their level of affection and behavioral control on 14 different items. All the data collected using the above named methods was thereafter analyzed using the latent growth curve modeling which predicts the results of the temperament of the children in relation to the parenting styles of their parents as shown in the data collected across time.
According to the results obtained from this method, it was established that the affection of both mothers and fathers positively affected how the social behavior of their children by enhancing it. Among shy children only, more affection from their mothers was found to improve their pro-social behavior, a phenomenon which could not be linked to non-shy children. Further, the research established that affection from fathers only helped improve the social behaviors of shy children while their behavior control was good when instilling pro-social behavior in non-shy children. According to the explanations given for the above results, parents` affection increases the pro-social behavior of a child because such parents are more likely to present their children with opportunities for interaction and socialization and vice versa. Concerning the results of behavioral control, the results can be explained by the fact that non-shy children do not benefit from such parenting as they find it ineffective while the shy ones benefit from it as it is more protective.
ARTICLE TWO
The article is based on research conducted while trying to confirm the hypothesis shyness and conflicts are impediments that hinder children from being useful in a societal setting. According to studies cited in the article, children would naturally help individuals who they deem to be having difficulties accomplishing their tasks, in other words, social helpfulness. The social helpfulness according to the article can be manifested in two forms including physical and social help, both which are performed differently by shy children with the later being the most challenging for them as a result of the fact that it requires a higher level of intervention to succeed in. theories on how children make their decisions on when to be socially helpful have been mixed with some indicating they base their decisions on the cost or benefit of the actions they take while others suggest that the temperament of the person to be helped affects the child decision and that they may refrain from helping if the prospect of a conflict exists. That before the research, two main hypotheses were formulated which were as follows: in the event the individual to be helped is clearly unwilling, then a child will refrain to help if the decision to do so is based on their preference to the individual. Secondly, since shy children dread the consequence of conflict, they will be less likely to help if the individual is unwilling.
To confirm whether the hypotheses were right or not, experiments were conducted where children were exposed to opportunities of helping either physically or socially by setting up experiments which involved having a child help an experimenter to collect a she dropped or helping her gain the attention of another experimenter she pretended not to hear her calling while appealing disinterested. The aims of the experiments were to determine whether a child`s decision to be socially helpful was dependent on the target individual`s interest and whether shyness determines the social helpfulness of a child.
The results from the experiments were consistent with previous studies as well as the hypothesis. 81.3% of the children were observed to provide immediate physical help while only 59.4% of them readily provided social support. When the experimenters showed clear disinterest to be helped, the children refrained from helping them confirming the theory that the preference of the target individual negatively affects a child`s decision to be helpful both physically and socially. Regarding the association between shyness and social helpfulness, there was a direct link between shyness and social helpfulness while none was established between shyness and physical helpfulness confirming the theory that social helpfulness is more demanding to shy children since it requires taking social risk. However, contrary to the researcher’s hypothesis, shyness affected social helpfulness irrespective of whether the target individual was interested or disinterested. According to the article, this can be explained by the idea that a shy child will need absolute proof that their actions will not lead to conflict irrespective of whether the target individual is willing to be helped or not.