Recent orders
Tactics employed by the agents of FBI
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Tactics employed by the agents of FBI secret group to express radical groups
Illegal wiretaps
Illegal wiretapping involved intentionally making connections or tapping onto phones or telegraph lines by the FBI’S and intentionally reading or attempting to read a message transmitted via telephone or any other type of wire without the permission of all parties
Warrantless Physical Searches
These are searches and seizures conducted without court-issued search warrants. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which states that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated. No Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
An array of dirty tricks
The most egregious dirty tricks the FBI attempted followed the creation of a COINTELPRO, A secret counterintelligence program aimed at black nationalists/hate groups beginning in 1967, as American cities burned from Newark to Detroit.
Why is wealth disparity a better measure than income disparity (between whites and the U.S BLACK?)
A demographic lens is more informative than income disparity because income is dynamic and changes from year to year. At the same time, wealth is a more stable approach to measuring racial inequalities. Despite some fluctuations, the large racial and ethnic wealth gaps remain essentially unchanged when looking at black/white families.
Around 2016, the typical white family had about ten times the wealth of the typical black family and about 7.5% of the wealth of Hispanic families. Over time there has been little or no effort to narrow the racial and ethnic wealth gaps.
Who is James Turner, and why is he important for Black Studies as a discipline?
James Turner is the founding Director of the Africana Studies and Research Centre, founded in 1961. He is also a former professor of African and African American Politics and Social Policy at Cornell. In the late 1960s, Black communities began to demand academic programmes and funding for African American studies at universities across the country.
Black students at Cornell University seized and occupied University’s Willard Straight Hall in April 1969 to protest conditions on campus. They demanded the creation of a Black Studies program to make the curriculum more relevant to the interests of African Americans and the country.
The Cornell students had heard gifted young scholar and activist prof. James Turner articulates his vision of education for liberation at a conference at Howard University. They selected Turner to direct and develop the Africana Studies and Research Center at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
A nation of law?” documents the state of the murder of Fred Hampton and the Attica prison uprising. Explain why the topic of the document is ironic.
In the late 1960s, Fred Hampton helped lead a coalition of activists, working across racial lines against a corrupt city government that threatened their communities. At the core of their work were social programs, including free breakfasts, health clinics and legal aid. Hampton named the group Rainbow coalition. And because of its impacts, it was not long before its members got the attention of the police and the FBI. What followed were an assassination and a cover-up. The topic is ironic since he was murdered for matters contrary to the government’s wishful thinking, which means they were contrary to the Nation of law.
Prof .Hunter’s lecture, the sociology of Urban Black America, discusses three key reasons (push factors) for the great migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. What are these reasons?
Unsatisfactory Economic Opportunities
These factors were exacerbated by the limitations of sharecropping, farm failures and crop damage from the boll weevil, and ongoing racial oppression in the form of Jim Crow Laws. Pull factors included encouraging reports of good wages and living conditions that spread by word of mouth and appeared in African American newspapers. With advertisements for housing and employment and firsthand stories of newfound success in the North, which became the Great Migration’s leading promoters?
Harsh Segregationist Laws
After the United States abolished slavery, Black Americans continued to be marginalized through enforced segregation and diminished access to facilities, housing, education and opportunities. Segregation is the practice requiring separate housing, education and other services for people of color. Segregation was made several times in 18th and 19th century America as some believed the black and white people were incapable of coexisting.
The Case for Reparation by Coates
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The Case for Reparation by Coates
In the world we live today, people pay for other people’s mistakes in one way or the other. Reparation in this case means that more generations are subjected to the same kind of punishment that their fore fathers might have done. According to recent happenings on cases of injustice among the Americans, the black race has suffered discrimination and several other kinds of hate practices. Nehisi Coates, an American author decided to write an article on how this kind of behavior has changed over time, and how is unlikely to end. Jesse Kohn, who is the author of an article known as Making it Matter explains further the relevance of essay written by Coates on reparation, where he describes America as a place where foreigners especially African-Americans suffer due to humiliation and discrimination (Williamson, 52). The legal system has also failed to protect the people who fall under this category as they also feel invaded. David Brooks, with his article the Case of Reparations affirms the message spoken by Coates concerning paying for other people’s mistakes as true because he thinks that slavery will never stop as racial divides is a feeling that has overtaken almost every white race.
In the article making it matter by Jesse Kohn, the author tries to elaborate to the audience that some of the hardships which the African-American citizens go through while in foreign lands especially United States of America. The article describes the environment as place full of struggles, where the individuals who have the black complexion go through several cases of discrimination as they are considered as complete foreigners (Kohn, 9). The situation in the place is made worse by the fact that the government and other legal bodies do not fight for the rights of those individuals, and rather participate in ensuring that democracy as they call it has been done by chasing away of oppressing the other races. African-American culture has history, which tends to be forgotten by the whites due to their personal issues on their black race especially with the fact that they came to their place mostly as slaves. The article also praises the action taken by the people who agreed to the motion black lives matter, trying to bring a new era into America of justifying and equalizing each and every person regardless of social or ethnic background like it has been before.
David Brooks, on the contrary comes with a different objective but with closeness to what Coates was talking about in his essays (Rambsy, 200). He argues that there is no sign of change in the way people treat each other basically regarding on race, gender or social class. He says that discrimination came immediately after slavery as those African-American citizens where only necessary to be used as slaves. As generations come, information on how their fathers and grandparents used to treat each other will be passed over, hence the author sees no hope in change of the conduct (Brooks, 3). There are different types of discrimination over the world, which all have different effects on the lives of the people affected. Among those types, racial discrimination is evident in most of the parts in America, where people hate each other only because of their difference in skin complexion. Racial discrimination, according to David Brooks is a sin which most of the citizens in United States and other places in the world ignore. He argues that this kind of discrimination is supposed to be considered as the top most type of hatred, which every citizen should be discouraged against. Comparing the sin to what Coates was talking about; the author condemns the act, and urges any legal authority to be in the frontline by ensuring that justification and equality are done in the administration system and the normal way of living.
In the article making it Matter by Jesse kohn, the author quotes some phrases from what Coates was talking about in his essays, which help him in finding more about the complexity of the issue of discrimination in the world, and how the African-American citizens are struggling to socialize with people of other races in American land (Williamson, 50). Coates says that; “ultimately, my goal became to reshape my students understanding of the American story as a constant and precarious battle for equality, not just the perfection of an abstract union”. That statement means that the author is passing important information to any individual who lives in America or who are interested to move over there that there is an impending hardship which awaits them, and which cannot be avoided considering the current world state. It is time that African-American citizens starts to understand that there has always been struggles with their fore fathers in that land, and that they should persevere and work on changing the mindsets of the next generation so as to get prepared for either a change to better situation or worse (Kohn, 9). According to Jesse, Coates seems to be tired of African-American citizens complaining of the same situation that has been there even before. He argues that Coates is dedicated as a writer, to ensure that special message is passed to those people undergoing discrimination, by encouraging them to remember their history and not lose their hope due to the current situation. He compares life there as a battle, which the winner is determined by self-realization and acceptance of any kind of situation.
In the case of Reparations by David Brooks, he takes some comments from the essay which says that; “And so we must imagine a new country, Reparations which I mean the full acceptance of our collective biography and its consequences, the price we must pay for ourselves squarely”. Brooks in this case understands Coates in another perspective, whereby he believes that the phrase shows exactly how African-American people should blame their forefathers for letting them go through discrimination and other injustices in that foreign country. The author believes that Coates sees those citizens as slaves to the white people, where they always have a responsibility to work for the other race as that was their original purpose in the history. Brooks reminds people that Coates reminded people of getting ready to pay up for mistakes that they did not do, so as to try their best in maintain peace and ensuring that they have a share in the nation too. Change seemed to be like an imagination to Coates, so David in his article is also reminding people to stop imagining about future change and work for their mistakes they never did (Williamson, 35). Again, Brooks, through the knowledge he gained from Coates essays reminds the people who belong to black race in America to step up and be accountable for their lives. In that matter Coates encourages them to accept any situation that becomes a challenge for them, and work equally together in fighting for their rights. They should not shutter their vision of better days, when racial discrimination will end and equality takes over, but for the moment, the author advices them to take up the responsibility of suffering and struggling just like their parents did in the slavery era.
Although the idea of accepting suffering as a way of payback and acceptance of the situation seems unpleasant to me, Coates still had an idea. The author talks of what is currently going on to the African-American citizens whereby he clearly states the kind of suffering that people of other races encounter once they visit or live in the country (Rambsy, 198). Recently, the government of United States had banned visits by people of other nations especially most of the African countries due to their own reasons which are considerably petty. The country, according to new research is ranked as one of the most racist nation in the world, where services, socialization and other special considerations are based on gender, race, social class and level of literacy. Most of the white citizens in United States consider the other races as invaders to their own land, where they use their knowledge from history books to term them as slaves, who were being misused in the country before they ended up getting dwelling places in the country. Coates wrote what is happening now, and surprisingly, he emphasized that the situation is not easy to change, unless everyone respects each other’s background. In his essays, he also said that the condition will move from one generation to the other, where he warned the African-American citizens from giving up and letting the whites take them to slavery once more. Personally, I agree with most of the conclusions which Coates makes in the essays, but disagrees with the fact that people have to keep on going through the same struggles so as to justify the fact that they are paying for their mistakes (Brooks, 3). Lastly, it is time that the world, through different legislatures in the world should allow every human being to live peacefully in where they feel comfortable, other than putting boundaries on each other. I feel that natural features such as rivers, seas and mountains are the only obstacles that should separate a human from one another, not just simple rules which bring more enormity and hatred.
Works Cited
Brooks, David. “The case for reparations.” New York Times (2019): 3
Kohn, Jesse. “Making it Matter: Reframing the US Survey.” Radical Teacher (2016): 9
Rambsy, Howard. “The Remarkable Reception of Ta-Nehisi Coates.” African American Review 49.3 (2016): 196-204.
Williamson, Kevin D. “The case against reparations.” National Review (2014): 34-56
Statistical Analysis on Pelican Stores
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Statistical Analysis on Pelican Stores
Recently, most of the business people are opening up sub branches of the main stores, making the investment plan to be a kind of a chain which is answerable to an overall manager or the main store. Pelican store happens to be one of those kinds of chain stores, whereby it operates with other branches in different places but dealing with the same commodity. Due to increased competition between firms dealing with female clothes, Pelican stores decided to stand out and give promotions and offers to the customers who occasionally visited any of the branches (Palcic. 68)
In order to plan well on how to give the coupons to the customers, the management decided to do a thorough research and analysis of how the customers visited the shops, how much they spent on different clothes, their age and lastly the mode of payment most of the clients preferred. The shops are currently encouraging clients to use their own cards for payment, a card known as proprietary card. Different awards were set aside for all categories of purchases made, proprietary payment method being valued higher for the benefit of the stores. For the management to make a good arrangement on the promotion, the following data was obtained based on how customers visited one of major stores, and a clear arithmetical analysis was carried out.
Customer Type of Customer Gender Age Marital status No of clothes purchased Mode of payment Total Sales in dollars
1 Regular Male 30 Married 1 Proprietary card 15
2 Regular Male 23 Single 1 Visa card 17
3 Promotional Male 27 married 2 Visa card 56
4 Regular Female 25 Single 3 Cash 76
5 Promotional Male 34 Married 5 Cash 150
6 Promotional Female 45 Married 3 Proprietary card 70
7 Promotional Male 23 Married 5 Visa card 105
8 Promotional Male 57 Married 3 Visa card 60
9 Regular Male 36 Single 2 Cash 45
10 Regular Female 34 Single 5 Proprietary card 140
11 Promotional Female 40 Married 6 Visa card 200
12 Regular Male 23 Single 3 Cash 67
13 Promotional Female 40 Married 5 Cash 178
14 Regular Male 43 Married 3 Visa card 76
15 Promotional Female 47 Single 5 American Express 105
16 Promotional male 52 Married 6 Visa card 167
17 Regular Male 34 Married 3 Proprietary card 146
18 Regular Female 28 Single 2 Cash 36
19 Promotional Male 27 Single 3 Master card 76
20 Regular Male 29 Single 5 Visa card 100
21 Promotional Male 28 Single 1 Proprietary card 24
22 Regular Female 20 Single 1 Visa card 18
23 Regular Male 21 Single 3 Visa card 70
24 Promotional Female 24 Single 1 American express16
25 Promotional Female 22 Single 4 Visa card 80
26 Regular Female 33 Married 2 Visa card 43
27 Regular Female 34 Married 1 Master card 17
28 Promotional Male 28 Single 1 Master card 17
29 Promotional Female 36 Married 4 Master card 67
30 Regular Male 26 Single 1 Cash 16
31 Promotional Female 33 Single 2 Visa card 32
32 Regular Female 36 Married 1 Cash 28
33 Promotional Male 34 Married 1 Proprietary card 22
34 Regular Male 31 Single 3 Proprietary card 56
35 Promotional Female 22 Single 2 Visa card 36
36 Promotional Male 21 Single 3 Proprietary card 90
37 Regular female 20 Single 4 Visa card 106
38 Regular Female 19 Single 3 Cash 110
39 Promotional Female 22 Single 4 Cash 98
40 Regular Male 23 Single 3 Visa card 76
41 Regular Female 38 Married 3 Visa card 90
41 Promotional Female 22 Married 3 Master card 100
42 Regular Female 37 Married 4 Visa card 178
43 Regular Male 53 Married 1 Proprietary card 14
44 Regular Female 18 Single 2 Visa card 40
45 Regular Male 16 Single 6 Cash 156
46 Promotional Female 26 Single 4 Master card 105
47 Regular Female 43 Married 7 American express234
48 Promotional Male 34 Married 3 Visa card 56
49 Regular Female 55 Married 1 Proprietary card 24
50 Regular Female 24 Single 4 Master card 84
Analysis Report on Recorded Data
Mean
Mean is described as the average assessment of any figures, where in our case, the management of pelican stores decided to work out the average number of customers who visit the outlet in a day, the average number of clothes bought and the average income expected by the shop in a single day.
Mean of clothes purchased
Number of clothes purchased 124
No of customers 50
Average clothes bought by one customer 124÷50
2.48 Which means an average of 2 clothes per customer.
Average cost per customer
Total income 3984
Number of customers 50
3984÷50
$79.68
Standard deviation
To find the standard deviation for the total accumulated income,
Value from the accumulated cost- mean (average, then the figure is dived by the size of total population and the last figure is square rooted.
79.68-50
29.68
29.68×29.68
880.9 Where the square root is
29.67
3. ANOVAs
The management, by use of the above data was able to determine the different modes of payment done by their customers and how they affected the sales through promotion. In our case here, customers who used proprietary card as a mode of payment was rewarded with a coupon, hence an evaluation was done.
Method of payment Proprietary card Master card Visa card cash American Express
Number of customers 10 7 19 11 3
Analysis Findings
From the above table, it is evident that most of the clients used visa to pay for their clothes. The data collected here gives a reason as to why the promotion was not as successful as intended as less people used their own originated cards as means of payment (Romani, 67). Pelican stores had the plan of rewarding any customer who uses the proprietary card and from the figures above, it is clear that only ten customers out of the fifty were able to get the coupon. Lastly, I would recommend the promotion team to put more emphasizes on enlightening the people on the importance of using proprietary card in order to increase sales and reward their esteemed customers as well.
Works Cited
Palcic, I., and B. Lalic. “Analytical Hierarchy Process as a tool for selecting and evaluating projects.” International Journal of Simulation Modelling (IJSIMM) 8.1 (2009): 24-50
Romaní, Gianni, et al. “New trends on entrepreneurship research in Latin America and Caribbean countries: evidence from GEM and GUESSS projects–an analytical editorial.” Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración (2021): 65-78