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Homeland security
Homeland security
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Abstract
Homeland security is a term that is used by the Americans. It refers to “the general effort by the country to ensure that there is enough security and that the homeland is very safe, protected, and robust against any intruders of terrorism and other negative dangers”. Where the countries welfares, aspirations, and others means of life can succeed to archive a the general common struggle to offer prevention against attacks within the United States, reduce the rate of liability of the U.S. to terrorism, and to ensure that there is minimization of the zero damage of properties and more lives from attacks that do occur (MacManus, S. A. (2006). Homeland security cannot take measure against terrorist incidents. Terrorism is a significant danger encountered by many makes the society feel unsafe. Within the United States, Approach gave to all risks usually exists due to homeland security endeavors. In this discussion, it outrages a sense in that homeland security encounters both the natural disasters and man-made human-made activities. Therefore, the territory that homeland security operates must have to provide the plethora of circumstances and scenarios, that works within the specific range of areas of from natural disasters for instance., Hurricane to actions of terrorism.
The term Homeland security came into place as a results of the enactment of the Act of 2002 and reformation of various department of the united states civil agencies of the government. that were effective as from first march 2003 to put the structural formation of the United States Department of Homeland security after 11 different various forms of the attack that occurred in September hence this can be used as reference point for the engagements of the department.
Currently, Homeland defense forces offer thorough military protection for the United States government and the citizens at large and also to guide the countries territory, authority, essential buildings and critical infrastructure against an attack from the enemy and outward threats and antagonism.
According to the current situation in the world, this research is conducted to enhance understanding of the importance of the study of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and how it is imperative and critical in our lives today. It helps the citizens with the knowledge of “know how” and how they can protect, conduct and report any suspicious reports (Bush, G. W. (2003). The Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management helps citizens prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters and works to keep Minnesota secure from acts of terrorism.
The study offers essential solutions on how a person can contribute respond for protection from both online activities, individualism source of protection, and to have any suspicion threats reported if they encounter one. Homeland security and Emergency Management is so simple and has provided knowledge on how to:
Remain aware of your surroundings;
Refrain from oversharing personal information; and
Say something if you see something.
Some more information has provided regarding how the study of Homeland Security and Emergency Management help us to report suspicious activity and protect the community from any attack is stated below:
Group Preparedness Tools: Businesses are encouraged to subordinate, plan, prepare, and report. Putting this these four stages before any experience or assault can enable better to get ready administrations and their legislatures to proactively consider the part they play in the wellbeing and security of their organizations and groups.
The Contact Us area of the FBI’s site gives nitty-gritty contact data, for example, significant telephone numbers and the addresses of the FBI’s neighborhood and worldwide workplaces. You can likewise present a tip on the web.
Reference
Bush, G. W. (2003). Homeland security presidential directive 5. National Security Presidential Directives.
Caruson, K., & MacManus, S. A. (2006). Mandates and management challenges in the trenches: An intergovernmental perspective on homeland security. Public Administration Review, 66(4), 522-536.
Homeland Security Plan
Homeland Security Plan
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Homeland Security Plan
The United States Homeland security is a key department whose mission is to establish an incorporated national effort to protect the state and maintain the freedom within it. The department does not only protect the state from terrorists, but it also prepares it for any natural disasters and how to deal with them.
The Threat
With the 9/11 attacks, the US were alerted of the new and upcoming dangers, since the American population has become a target to the terrorists. The Americans are living in fear of being attacked at any time. Before National security mainly focused on possible attacks and ignored to focus on local security and civil rights. This proved ineffective with the attack of 9/11 and the possible future terrorist attacks (Sauter & James, 2005).
Today’s attacks from terrorists are much different from the past one. This is because of new environments globally, interconnectivity among terrorists and advance in WMD. The advance in modern technology has also proven to be a tool that has helped terrorists. This includes communication like cell phones, encrypted mails, video tapes, chat, CD-ROMs and satellite phones, travelling freely to other countries, commerce and new tools (Sauter et al, 2005).
Outcomes of Terrorist Attacks
There are many effects that terrorist attacks could have on the state. According to Sauter et al (2005), it can range from human effect to financial crisis. To humans, this can cause both physical and psychological harm.
The other effect is in terms of financial crisis. With attacks like the 9/11, the U.S economy can be damaged, and many corporations, sectors and even the government may incur significant losses. The costs can be on the killed and injured persons and the infrastructures or other assets. There are other costs that are long term are the loan granted to affected corporations and costs incurred for security reasons like having new homeland security programs (Sauter et al, 2005).
Prevention
The Homeland security as a department has several strategy that will help in prevention of terrorist attacks. The first strategy is border and transportation security. This will try to prevent terrorists and any other material from entering the country, and ensure that the border and transportation can allow only legal persons and goods. The second strategy is local counter-terrorism that focuses on law enforcement that will identify terrorists, stop them from executing the attacks and prosecute them. The third strategy is protection of critical infrastructures and assets and these involves spotting out and prioritizing infrastructures of the state and identify it vulnerabilities to threats. The fourth strategy is intelligence and warnings of alerting the state and public about the attack. The fifth strategy is the defense against disastrous threats and it involves detection, prevention and how to manage the consequences of WMD. The last strategy is Preparedness and response to emergency. This focuses on how to minimize the damage and recover from the attacks (Howard et al, 2006).
In conclusion, attempted terror attacks against the U.S are never going to stop. Therefore, the DHS has a responsibility of continuing to evaluate and plan on future terrorist attacks. This is extremely important since, with every advance in technology, the terrorists plan and tools also advance. The DHS should be ready and prepared for the attacks.
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Sauter, M. & Carafano, J. J. (2005). Homelad Security: A Complete Guide to Understanding, Preventing, and Surviving Terrorism. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Howard, D. R., Forest, J. J. F., Moore, J. C., & Moore, J. C.(major), (2006). Homeland Security and Terrorism: Readings and Interpretation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Article Critique
Article Critique
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Article Critique
From time to time, need arises to critique research to determine not only the research’s strengths or weaknesses but also its usefulness and application to the present context. The process also assesses if the outcomes and conclusions of a given research are believable and if they are supported by contextual findings. Overall, this process is also useful in assessing the quality of research. This paper presents a critique of the article Measles-What’s Old Is New Again, a piece by Blakely et al. (2019) that explores the measles infection which has been found to make a comeback in the United States after nearly being eradicated for years.
Summary and Background
The article illuminates various aspects of the measles infection, “one of the most contagious diseases known” (Blakely et al., 2019: p. 49). While the authors have not expressly stated their objectives or the question they are addressing, they highlight the seriousness of the measles infection in the United States and the world at large, thus implying their intent to shed more light on various aspects of the disease. Notably, their piece has been motivated by the reappearance of measles in the United States, where it was once thought to have been almost eradicated. Cognizant of the seriousness of this disease as a public health threat (especially going by the statistics by the CDC and other sources), the rationale of their undertaking related to the need to create awareness of this incurable disease and why it is important to take preventive measures mainly by ensuring vaccination. After presenting various statistics and exploring the clinical presentation of the disease as well as the populations most at risk, the authors proceed to emphasize the need for vaccination, but more importantly they present evidence to show that vaccination helps reduce the chances of infection. A piece of evidence in this regard is the fact that most people diagnosed with measles in the US are those who have travelled to countries with low immunization rates. Having made their case for the need for vaccination compliance, the authors conclude that given the dramatic rise in cases of this disease in the United States and elsewhere, healthcare providers have a responsibility to provide evidence-based information about vaccination to the public, so that families and individuals can be adequately informed as to make informed decisions. Such information, the authors assert, would also go a long way in clearing the air about any misconceptions being spread about vaccination.
Methods and Results
Considering that this work is not a typical research item, not much can be said about contextual methodology and results. In fact, the authors have not discussed this aspect of their work, so the reader can only infer, and so correctly, that the article is a typical literature presentation since the authors have presented evidence-based information about measles. In making their case for widespread vaccination, the authors illuminate the disease in terms of statistics, clinical presentation, treatment, populations at risk, and complications associated with measles. Regarding to clinical presentation, they discuss the main manifestation, a rash that usually starts on the face or hairline and spreads downward to the rest of the body, eventually covering the entire body. They explain that complications and severity of this disease depend on a wide range of factors related to the patient and his or her environment. The authors also explain that measles has no treatment, but supportive care is imperative. Administration of vitamin A to children who have been hospitalized is recommended. For fever and pain, these are treated with ibuprofen or acetaminophen, just as antitussives are administered to relieve cough. The authors recommend adequate fluid intake to address contextual dehydration.
Many other statistics about the disease are highlighted, and overall, they serve to emphasize the seriousness of the disease. Populations at risk include children (mostly younger than 5 years), and those 19 years and below, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, and older adults (though cases are rare in this group). A very important aspect that is highlighted is the issue of non-compliance with vaccination, mainly as a result of misconceptions about measles vaccine. Educating people on the importance of immunization and providing evidence-based information that would help clear the air about various misconceptions are recommended, and the buck stops with healthcare providers.
Critique and Impact
While the authors have not expressly stated their goals at the beginning, it is obvious they set to shed light on the measles infection and draw attention to its seriousness, as well as the fact that it is reappearing in the United States where it was once thought to have been nearly eradicated. These are goals they have accomplished, more so considering the way they have explored pertinent literature, thereby presenting evidence-based information about various aspects of the disease. Arguably, their piece could not be more informative. One key strength noted is the author’s use of up-to-date sources of information, hence proof and emphasis that they are discussing a disease that is a current public health concern. Additionally, reliance on credible sources such as the CDC, the National Vaccine Advisory Committee and other bodies as well as articles from peer-reviewed journals evidences a deliberate and appreciable effort by the authors to present reliable information. All statistics and core points are accompanied by citations, a fact that elevates this work in terms of credibility and reliability. In making their case for vaccine compliance, the authors have presented statistics to prove that most people falling sick with measles in the United States are those who have travelled to countries with low immunization rates. Indeed, the conclusion they draw finds support in and flows from their in-depth exploration of measles and various issues surrounding immunization. To the extent that they have illuminated the disease and why it is important to immunize, the authors have achieved their objectives.
Overall, this paper has drawn attention to the issue of the reemergence of measles and why there is need to worry about the disease’s prevalence rates in the United States and elsewhere. There is no doubt that the piece is an important addition to the literature already available on measles. Despite the stated strengthens, one gets a feeling that authors have not adequately addressed the misconceptions that they mention in relation to measles vaccination. Considering the weighty nature of this issue, they should have gone an extra mile to explore these misconceptions and find out why they arise as well as why so many people out there believe them. Additionally, just recommending that healthcare providers should provide evidence-based information that would help families and individuals make more informed decisions seems inadequate; recommending ways of giving that information would have been a plus. Nevertheless, the authors deserve credit for compiling such an informative piece.
References
Blakely, K.K., Suttle, R., Wood, T., Stallworth, K., & Baker, N. (2019). Measles-What’s Old Is New Again.