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Friedman family assessment on Latvian family
Friedman family assessment on Latvian family
Name:
Professor:
Institution: Course: Date:
Identifying Data:
Latvian family consists of three members, Intars Dure and his wife Eva, together with Eva’s brother. The family members vary in their religious faith whereby Dure is catholic while Eva and her brother are Lutheran. All of them do not currently attend to their places of worship due to various reasons. Eva’s and her brother’s reason being that they do not know the location of their place of worship in their current location and lack of a car to take them to the place. They are illegal immigrants in the United States, who have specialized in working as full time house cleaners for money (Tina Maschi, Bradley, & Ward, 2009). During their leisure time, they involve themselves with watching movies, trail running and hiking, walking on the beach and playing tennis.
DEVELOPMENTAL STATE AND HISTORY OF THE FAMILY:
Intars Dure is thirty years old, his wife is twenty six years old and his brother in law is twenty four years old. Dure and Eve have been married for three years, where they have been able to sustain a stable family. Due to language barrier, Eve’s brother doesn’t have friends apart from his brother in law. Dure has only one sister while Eva has one sister and two brothers. Parents of Dure and Eve are still alive. Both of them are not aware of any sickness that might be affecting their parents at the moment. Dure’s paternal uncle had cancer which left him dead, while Eva’s maternal grandmother suffers from diabetes.
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA:
The family stays in a house that is split into a two story home that has three bedrooms, the first level having two bedrooms, a bathroom and a small living room. The house belongs to a friend of the family whom they rent the one bedroom and living room from. The whole house accommodates seven people. The couple sleeps in the bedroom while Eve’s brother sleeps in the living room. The family live in Aliso Viejo which is a lovely place with its population being approximately 48000 accorded to the census results of 2010 (Friedman, 2007). Most people inhabiting the area are whites. Their house is on a convenient location that allows them practice what they like most. For instance hiking as the area has picturesque mountains. It also has a good school, entertainment and shopping places. From the hose, the nearest hospital is just a five miles away.
FAMILY STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS:
The family doesn’t speak in English language fluently but they are fluent speakers of Russian and Latvian. Of them all, Eve speaks better in English although she uses a lot of gestures in her communication. Her ability to speak in English better makes her interpret for the family most of the words they don’t understand. Eve and Dure seem to be much at ease when they communicate to each other as they maintain eye contact during their conversation. Eve’s brother is the only one who seems less confident as he sounds like mumbling when communicating. In this family Dure, the husband, is the head of the family while Eve is a house maker. This comes out when, if a question is posed to the whole family, eve waits for her husband’s respond or she first communicates with him in their native language before answering it. In Latvian family, authority of the husband is paramount. Another good observation is that the members of the family seem at ease with each other and are very close. According to Eva, the couple does not plan on having kids yet as it is not sure, for how long it will be in America. In Latvian family a wife cooks, Eve finds it hard to cook from the house as they share the kitchen with four other people. This makes the family to eat outside most of the time. They neither have medical nor dental insurance, making them pay much whenever they fall sick.
FAMILY STRESS AND COPING:
The two males in the family like drinking and smoking too much, Dure for instance, found himself in an emergency room and was diagnosed of gastritis and cholecystitis which caused him severe stomach pain and yet he continued to drink alcohol. To cope with that he says that he cut down big time on his drinking (Friedman, 2007). Eve’s brother breaks up with his girlfriends and he sees leaving his family in and going far away as the best way to cope up with his stress. The family, especially Eve misses their family and friends. To cope up with this, they chat with them on Skype. The two male also go to the gym wile Eve runs twice in a week.
PRIORITY FAMILY NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
The family had Ineffective coping due to inadequate support system and language barrier. The family was powerless secondary to situational change.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
To counter ineffective coping, they should establish trust and good working relationship. Convey feeling of acceptance and understanding, to promote support and communication. They should be encouraged to identify their own strengths, their coping strategies and better ways of coping with stress. For instance encourage them to always talk out their stress. There should also be alternative support systems through referrals which will help the family identify the location of the church and means of transportation to the place. To counter powerlessness secondary to situational change, they should be assessed on readiness to learn and assist them in identifying resources that are available in their community.
The family should also be assisted in identifying the significance of culture and religion in adjustment process and provide information or referral to support groups like the church. They should be encouraged to take part in religious activities and social groups, whereby they can meet people in the same situation who can advise them on how to cope well with the situation (Tina Maschi, Bradley, & Ward, 2009). This may make them move to the next level of independence and control. Their feeling of hopelessness and depression should be assessed and they should be encouraged to air out their concerns, fears and expectations. They should be listened to attentively and a feeling of understanding be conveyed to them. They should be given a positive feedback which puts confidence and gives them a since of control.
References:
Friedman, T, L (2007) The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, Edition3, New York, Douglas & McIntyre.
Tina Maschi, T, Bradley, C, & Ward, K (2009) Forensic Social Work: Psychosocial and Legal Issues in Diverse Practice Settings, Springer Series, New York, Springer Publishing Company.
HND Computing & Systems Development
HND Computing & Systems Development
Unit: 42 Programming in .Net
Title: Theory and Evaluation of .Net
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Tables of contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Principles, Characteristics and Features of Programming using the .NET Framework
1.2 Different types of .NET Framework Architecture
1.3 Evaluation of the Components that support the .NET Framework
1.4 Common Language Runtime
1.5 Framework Class Library
2.0 Conclusion
3.0 Bibliography
1.0 Introduction
.NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It is a programming infrastructure created for building, deploying and running applications and services that use the .NET technologies such as desktop applications and web services.
The .NET Framework dates back to late 1990s when Microsoft started its development under the name of New Generation Windows Services (NGWS). In late 2000, the first versions of .NET 1.0 Framework were released. From the release of the first version to date, the development of the software framework has constantly been in progress with newer versions being released at every stage. The latest version is .NET 4.5 which was released on 15th August 2012. .NET 4.5 uses Visual Studio 2012 development tool and runs on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
1.1 Principles, Characteristics and Features of Programming using the .NET Framework
Programs written in .NET Framework execute in a software environment as contrasted to hardware environment. The .NET Framework is a runtime execution environment that manages applications that target the .NET Framework. It consists of features which provides memory management and other system services, and which enables programmers to take advantage of robust, reliable code for all major areas of application development.
The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill a number of objectives which include: to provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely; to provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts; to provide a code-execution environment that promotes safe execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party; to provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments; to make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications; and to build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
To go a little deep into the understanding of the .NET Framework, it has two main components which are the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the Framework Class Library (FCL). The Common Language Runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. It is an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that promote security and robustness. The Framework Class Library is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services.
Microsoft Visual Studio is the development tool used for the .NET Framework. Visual Studio supports all the .NET Platform programming languages which include Visual Basic .NET, Visual C#, Visual C++, Managed Extensions for C++, Transact SQL, VBScript, Microsoft Jscript.NET, XML, Visual J++, F#, and other languages such as Python and Ruby among others.
When programming in Visual Studio, a number of .NET Framework tools make it easier for you to create, deploy, and manage applications and components that target the framework. These tools are automatically installed when you install Visual Studio. These include:
Build, deploy and configuration tool – these tools make it easier for you to build and deploy your .NET Framework applications. You can use these tools to generate portable executable (PE) and Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) files, view and manipulate the global assembly cache, manage application and deployment manifests, and handle isolated stores and resource files. These include: Installer tools, Global Assembly cache tools, CorFlags Conversion tools, among others.
Debugging tools – these tools provide diagnostic services for .NET Framework applications and extensions for managed debugging. These include: Assembly binding log viewer, .NET Framework command-line debugger and SOS debugging extension.
Security tools – these are command-line tools that help you perform security-related tasks, such as configuring security policy, managing certificates, and digitally signing files. They enable you to test your components and applications before you deploy them. These include: Code access security policy tool, software publisher certificate test tool, Certificate manager tool among others.
Interop tools – these tools provided in this section simplify and reduce the amount of code required to perform interop tasks such as enabling COM clients to use .NET Framework classes that are dependent on the common language runtime. Among other things, these tools convert and generate type libraries and produce and register classes and assemblies. They enable developers to use existing design and programming methodologies, whether types are dependent on the common language runtime or on COM. These tools include: Windows forms ActiveX control importer, Management strongly typed class generator, Assembly registration tools among others.
Other miscellaneous development tools include code generation, accessibility testing, and type reflection utilities for .NET Framework applications, such as the Code generation tool and the Windows forms class viewer.
The power of the .NET Framework can also be reflected by looking at its features. The key features of the .NET Framework, which are briefly discussed below, make the framework to stand out and become the chosen development platform by many developers. These features include:
Cross language interoperability – this is the ability of code to interact with code that is written by using a different programming language. Language interoperability can help maximize code reuse and improve the efficiency of the development process.
Common Language Runtime (CLR) – this is a run-time environment called the common language runtime, which runs the code and provides services that make the development process easier. All .NET programs execute under the supervision of the CLR, guaranteeing certain properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and exception handling.
Language independence – the .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible data types and programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they may or may not interact with each other conforming to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification. Because of this feature, the .NET Framework supports the exchange of types and object instances between libraries and applications written using any conforming .NET language.
Base Class Library (BCL) – this is part of the Framework Class Library (FCL). BCL is a library of functionality available to all languages using the .NET Framework. It provides classes that encapsulate a number of common functions, including file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, XML document manipulation, and so on. It consists of classes, interfaces of reusable types that integrate with CLR.
Simplified deployment – the .NET Framework includes design features and tools which help manage the installation of computer software to ensure it does not interfere with previously installed software, and it conforms to security requirements.
Security – .NET Framework offers code access security and role-based security to help address security concerns about mobile code and to provide support that enables components to determine what users are authorized to do. These security mechanisms use a simple, consistent model so that developers familiar with code access security can easily use role-based security, and vice versa. Both code access security and role-based security are implemented using a common infrastructure supplied by the common language runtime.
Portability – Microsoft has engineered the .NET Framework to be platform-agnostic, and cross-platform implementations are available for other operating systems. Microsoft submitted the specifications for the Common Language Infrastructure, which includes the core class libraries, Common Type System, and the Common Intermediate Language, the C# language, and the C++ language to both ECMA and the ISO, making them available as official standards. This makes it possible for third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and its languages on other platforms.
When programming on a .NET platform, program code can be classified into two categories. This are managed code and unmanaged code.
The code, which is developed in .NET framework, is known as managed code. This code is directly executed by CLR with help of managed code execution. That is, any language that is written in .NET Framework is managed code. Managed code uses CLR which in turns looks after your applications by managing memory, handling security, allowing cross – language debugging, and so on.
On the other hand, code which is developed outside .NET Framework is known as unmanaged code. Applications that do not run under the control of the CLR are said to be unmanaged, and certain languages such as C++ can be used to write such applications, which, for example, access low – level functions of the operating system. Background compatibility with code of VB, ASP and COM are examples of unmanaged code.
1.2 Different types of .NET Framework Architecture
The .NET Framework architecture can be described in different ways depending on the concept to be achieved. From the general point of view of the framework, a layered concept can be employed to describe the different architecture of the .NET Framework and also show how they relate to, and depend on, each other.
A simple to understand 6 layers concept can be used to illustrate and compare the different .NET Framework architectures. In this architecture, the .NET platform programming languages are at the top and the Common Language Runtime at the bottom. In between are layers that connect the two.
The top layer: Programming languages – these are all the programming languages that are supported by the .NET Framework including VB.NET, C#, Managed C++, J#, F#, Jscript, etc.
The second layer: User and program interface – this layer consists of application programs that are used to develop .NET applications on the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE). These include ASP.NET Web Form, ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET AJAX, Windows Forms, WPF and Silverlight.
The third layer: WCF and WWF – this layer consist of Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF). WCF is a tools often used to implement and deploy Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). WWF, on the other hand, is a Microsoft technology that provides an API, in-process workflow engine, and a rehostable designer to implement long-running processes as workflows within .NET applications. This layer is known as the Communication and Workflow tier.
Fourth layer: Data Tier – this layer contains database access capabilities, ADO.NET, LINQ, LINQ-to-SQL and entity framework, and a strong support for XML.
Fifth layer: Base Class Library (BCL) – this layer contains BCL which is a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard library available to all CLI languages. CLI includes the BCL in order to encapsulate a large number of common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation, which makes the programmer’s job easier.
Sixth layer: Common Language Runtime (CLR) – the last layer in the .NET Framework architecture is the CLR which is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs and in addition providing services including memory management, type safety and exception handling.
This can be further illustrated using the diagram below:
Programming languages
User and program interface
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
ADO.NET, LINQ, XML… (Data Tier)
Base Class Library (BCL)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Figure 1: .NET Framework Architecture
1.3 Evaluation of the Components that support the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework consists of two major components which include the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the Framework Class Library (FCL).
1.4 Common Language Runtime
The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust, depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet, enterprise network, or local computer). This means that a managed component might or might not be able to perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or other sensitive functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that an executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The security features of the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed software to be exceptionally feature-rich.
The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type-and-code-verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The CTS ensures that all managed code is self-describing. The various Microsoft and third-party language compilers generate managed code that conforms to the CTS. This means that managed code can consume other managed types and instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety.
In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common software issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This automatic memory management resolves the two most common application errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references.
The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example, programmers can write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. Any compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so. Language compilers that target the .NET Framework make the features of the .NET Framework available to existing code written in that language, greatly easing the migration process for existing applications.
While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also supports software of today and yesterday. Interoperability between managed and unmanaged code enables developers to continue to use necessary COM components and DLLs.
The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the common language runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is never interpreted. A feature called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all managed code to run in the native machine language of the system on which it is executing. Meanwhile, the memory manager removes the possibilities of fragmented memory and increases memory locality-of-reference to further increase performance.
Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-performance, server-side applications, such as Microsoft SQL Server and Internet Information Services (IIS). This infrastructure enables you to use managed code to write your business logic, while still enjoying the superior performance of the industry’s best enterprise servers that support runtime hosting.
1.5 Framework Class Library
The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is object-oriented, providing types from which your own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes the .NET Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning new features of the .NET Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate seamlessly with classes in the .NET Framework.
For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of interfaces that you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection classes will blend seamlessly with the classes in the .NET Framework.
As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks, including tasks such as string management, data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to these common tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety of specialized development scenarios.
2.0 Conclusion
Microsoft .NET Framework is a huge success from of company and also a reliable tool for both Developer and IT Professionals. But this does not mean that the framework is error proof, or error free. .NET Framework also has its short comings with start from the fact that the multi-platform version of the framework is not available from Microsoft, and neither is it available straight after installing Visual Studio. Another problem comes with managed code, which is run on the .NET framework, that it is slower than unmanaged code.
From a technical view, another limitation in the framework can be noticed with the garbage-collector, which is integrated into the environment and can introduce unanticipated delays of execution over which the developer has little direct control, and it can cause runtime memory size to be larger than expected.
Other than the few criticisms that it receives, the .NET Framework is a success. The .NET framework really improves the experience of Developers by putting all the tools they need, including a web browser, in one single development environment – Visual Studio.
Bibliography
Wikipedia online free encyclopedia. 2013. .NET Framework [Online]. (Last updated 18th January 2013) Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework [Accessed 19th January 2013].
Microsoft MSDN. 2012. Overview of the .NET Framework [Online]. Available at: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/zw4w595w.aspx [Accessed 19th January 2013].
Microsoft MSDN. 2012. .NET Framework Tools [Online]. Available at: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/d9kh6s92.aspx [Accessed 19th January 2013].
FRIED GREEN TOMATOES AT THE WHISTLE STOP CAFE (2)
FRIED GREEN TOMATOES AT THE WHISTLE STOP CAFE
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Introduction
Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café is an interesting novel, a tale that gives a picture of mystery, laughter and love. The novel tells a story about the little town on Whistle Stop and its well-known Café, focusing on characters like Evelyn Couch, a homemaker in her middle ages and Ninny Threadgoode, an elderly woman living in a nursing home. The novel also focuses on Idgie, Ninny’s sister-in-law, and Ruth, two friends who run a café in the town. It describes Idgie as a girl with tomboyish characteristics, whose character is different to that of her friend Ruth.
The novel describes Evelyn as a woman living an unfulfilling life, resorting to binge eating because of her feelings towards her life, which is a factor that causes her to become overweight. However, her attitude towards life changes with the flourishing friendship that she shares with Ninny, prompting her to live a new and satisfactory life. After Evelyn’s first encounter with Ninny, she develops a habit of frequently visiting her in the nursing home, where Ninny would tell her stories about her youth in the little town of Whistle Stop. Ninny’s stories, together with their friendship, are the main factors that changes Evelyn’s attitude towards life, as she chooses to live a fulfilling life.
Elements of the Southern Culture as portrayed in the book
The book explores racism as a theme, which is eminent in the small town. There is evidence that racism is a culture that exists in the small town, even though the discussion about the situation is muted, and the color line is never crossed. However, Idgie crosses that line, showing that he does not understand the situation in the world in terms of racism. The other indication of this situation is the discussion between Evelyn and Mrs. Theodore, but they relate the situation in fear. The book indicates that white people fear blacks and on the other hand, the blacks exhibit hatred for the white people. Theodore mentions that a majority of the nurses in the town are blacks, indicating that they have deep hatred for the white people. For this reason, the whites fear that the nurses might kill them in their sleep, which creates some tension between the two races in the town.
In terms of the socially acceptable behaviors, the book indicates that the culture of the southerners is that of denial of the female sexuality. This denial has subsequently led to the polarization of women, who are put into different categories like the good and bad girls, as well as the straight and lesbian girls. however, there is a gradual change to this belief, especially when Mrs. Threadgoode shows no sign of being offended by Ruth and Idgie’s relationship.The intense same-sex relationship that Ruth and Idgie share is an indication that same-sex relationships are acceptable in the Southern society. Ninny says that the two women, Ruth and Idgie met at their friend’s funeral, after which they fell in love with each other, and they spent so much time with each other as well. However, many people choose to ignore the loving friendship that is there between the two women, which is an aspect of female experiences.
The novel centers on a number of themes, which are a description of the Southern culture. Amongst some of the cultures the novel expounds on is the Southerners ability and prowess in cooking. The author, Fannie Flag, gives a poetic description of the mouthwatering and rich recipes of the Southerners, which includes foods like deep fried chicken, the iconic fried green tomatoes and fruit pies, amongst other foods. The book centers on the importance of food as the fabric to everyday living in the American South. For instance, the author indicates that the friendship between the two women, Evelyn and Ninny, is partly a result of the frequent treats that Evelyn takes to Ninny. On the other hand, the Whistle Stop Café seems like a restaurant that somebody can easily frequent since it offers good coffee, as well as good quality barbecue.
Conclusion
In my opinion, the novel gives a clear demarcation of the different timelines featured, which is easy to identify, and makes the book less confusing. The book also puts a lot of emphasis on the food culture of the southerners, indicating that through food, Ninny and Evelyn became very good friends. It is through the friendship that Evelyn was able to get a complete transformation of her life to the better. Throughout the book, there is a depiction of different cultures of the southerners, even though they might have been blurry. The book revolves around a couple of themes, including racism and sexuality, which are sensitive subjects in the current world. The distinctive factor that the book portrays about the southerners is their appreciation of good food, which is something that is used to bring people together. Its portrayal of love and friendship is also practical.
Bibliography
Flagg, Fannie. 1992. Fried green tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe. London: Vintage.