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Are Music Lyrics Causing Suicidal Behavior in Children (2)
Are Music Lyrics Causing Suicidal Behavior in Children?
Frances Rivera
Department of English, Delaware Technical Community College
ENG 102: Composition and Research
Mrs. Stephanie Jeffery
November 30, 2021
Are Music Lyrics Causing Suicidal Behavior in Children?
Music lyrics do not cause suicidal behavior in children since not all songs contradict wellbeing. According to Ransom (2015), some positive exemplars in the music industry are still available (p. 17). Furthermore, educational music which can encourage children to be hopeful, help them develop self-esteem and deal with adversity are also available (Songs That Build Positive Attitudes, n.d). For example, the song “Brave” by Sara Bareilles can be a source of encouragement for children to have hope and to pursue their dreams. An example of an excerpt in the lyrics of the song which can serve as an encouragement to children is “Maybe there’s a way out of the cage where you live. Maybe one of these days, you can let the light in and show me how big your brave is.” This song can encourage children to have courage and perseverance when things are not going their way (Ransom, 2015). Therefore, not all songs have contradicting lyrics which can lead to children’s suicidal behavior. There are songs such as “Brave” by Sara Bareilles with lyrics that can be an encouragement to the children through their lyrics.
Even though some music lyrics can lead to suicidal behavior, some lyrics can help children alter negative moods. According to Write the World (2016), children are inspired by music on a daily basis since it serves as an outlet for expression, emotions, and creativity. Music can also be utilized as a type of therapy since it has been established that it can release endorphins in the brain, which serve as stress relievers and happiness boosters (para. 4). Additionally, Foran (2009) indicates that music plays a positive role by assisting traumatized children specifically in the classroom and therapeutic environments manage emotions, understand new cognitive and emotional information and activate brain pathways (p. 58). An example of a positive impact of music on children can be demonstrated by a study conducted by Dr Tobias Greitemeyer from the University of Sussex. In the study, Michael Jackson’s song “Heal the World” was played for one group of children. When a cup of pencils was knocked over, the children who listened to the song picked up pencils that were approximately five times more than those collected by children who listened to other negative songs. This indicates that songs with positive lyrics such as “Heal the world” may not lead to suicidal behavior but rather alter negative moods or inspire children to be better and act in a considerate and empathetic way (Write the World, 2016).
Listening to music lyrics does not lead to suicide behavior but instead contributes to the well beings of the children by offering a great way to generate conversations in a less threatening way. According to Blue (2018), listening to music with children can enhance bonding with children (para. 3). If the lyrics of a song spark something in the children, they are likely to speak up, and with time, they can find themselves in meaningful discussions. Additionally, Seldman (n.d) posits that song lyrics have also been applied in psychotherapy practice to help people express their feelings and to enable them to discover new insights regarding themselves (para. 3). Psychologists also suggest that song lyrics may be relatable and a useful strategy for parents to establish hot topics with their children. This can be very useful for children with mental health problems since it can trigger meaningful conversations. (Rebecchini, 2021) supports this by indicating that music therapy can enhance the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and also improve communication in children living with autistic spectrum disorder (para. 12). There are some examples of songs about mental health that can help parents or guardians develop conversations with their children. One of these songs is In My Blood by Shawn Mendes, which is a song about anxiety and it brings awareness to the issue of anxiety and depression. An example of an excerpt in the lyrics that can assist children in developing vocabulary to express their anxious feelings is “Help me, it’s like the walls are caving in” (Seldman n.d). Therefore, not all songs have negative and can lead to suicidal behavior. There are songs with lyrics that can help children with depression and anxiety, which are conditions associated with suicidal behavior. A song like In My Blood by Shawn Mendes can help such children establish vocabulary to express their conditions and therefore get the necessary help.
Even though some lyrics can be troublesome in terms of encouraging behavior such as alcohol abuse, suicide as an alternative, and graphic violence, studies have shown that music can have a positive impact on children. (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017) states that sharing music between different generations in a family cannot only be a pleasurable experience, but it can also enable parents to guide their children about their choice of music (para. 6). According to McPherson (2009), close bonding between the parent and the child often leads to positive benefits for the child (p. 6). Therefore, by sharing music, parents and guardians can pay close attention to the music choice and viewing patterns of their children and help them recognize music that can be destructive to them. If such music is identified, discussion without criticism can be useful to the child. The lyrics of the music listened to by the children can also be useful to the parents since they can utilize them to discuss essential topics such as suicide, violence, sex, and others. This enables the parents to be more involved and open with their children, thereby offering a safe outlet to establish discussions on issues in the daily lives of their children (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017). Therefore, music lyrics do not cause suicidal behavior, but they can help children avoid them. Through sharing of music, parents can use the lyrics to establish significant discussions about issues such as suicide, sex, and other troublesome behavior. Besides, parents can also offer guidance when they recognize that their children are listening to destructive music.
References
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2017, October). Listening to music and watching music videos. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/The-Influence-Of-Music-And-Music-Videos-040.aspx
Blue, A. (2018, July). To improve relationship with kids, try turning up the music. University of Arizona News. https://news.arizona.edu/story/improve-relationship-kids-try-turning-music.
Foran, L. M. (2009). Listening to music: Helping children regulate their emotions and improve learning in the classroom. Educational Horizons, 88(1), 51-58. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ868339.pdf
McPherson, G. E. (2009). The role of parents in children’s musical development. Psychology of Music, 37(1), 91-110. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735607086049
Ransom, P. F. (2015). Message in the Music: Do Lyrics Influence Well-Being? (capstone). Upenn Libraries. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1094&context=mapp_capstone
Rebecchini, L. (2021). Music, mental health, and immunity. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, 100374. https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/reader/pii/S2666354621001770/pdf
Seldman, K. (n.d.). “Alexa, play Shawn Mendes!” A fresh way to talk to teens about mental health. Your Teen Magazine. Retrieved from https://yourteenmag.com/health/teenager-mental-health/talking-about-mental-health.
Songs that build positive attitudes. Songsforteaching. https://www.songsforteaching.com/positiveattitudes.htm.
Write the World. (2016, March). Do music lyrics pose a positive or negative effect on children? https://writetheworld.com/groups/1/shared/11333/version/26847.
Ethical Values. Group Dynamics and Teams
Ethics
I have been in data innovation industry for a long while. I have direct data innovation encounter particularly in government, utility, counseling, programming and assembling commercial enterprises. I needed to help with my industry experience amid all professional Information Technology courses. Other colleagues did not have a comparative foundation or encounter subsequently had diverse perspectives more often than not. I especially had involvement with ethical issues in IT, especially with their RFS and RFP forms. I needed to use my past ethical experience with Australia government in greatly improving the situation RFI. I knew our educator had additionally Australia government experience. I proposed what needs to be carried out to make our ventures more effective focused around my handy industry experience, regarding teacher’s past involvement with the Information Technology, particularly her involvement with the legislature, what she would be searching for in a RFI (Teubner et al,. 2010).
Other colleagues reacted absolutely on occasion, generally did not concur with what I proposed. Anyway paying little mind to contrasts of presumptions, I conformed to the greater part and conveyed reports. More often than not, inputs from educator were supportive of what I proposed prior. As a rule I got almost no input on my parts of the deliverables. They comprehended what I had as industry experience was veritable and was truly in accordance with what these courses are attempting to accomplish (Hsieh, Jang, Hwang & Chen, 2011). I felt that my past involvement in the Information Technology helped my learning, and my instruction here at School was in accordance with what I adapted in the Information Technology, providing for me certainty that I was getting a training that would really be put to great utilization and would toward the end help attain my future profession objectives. It was hypothetical as well as material to todays and future Information Technology situations.
Other colleagues additionally understood that ethical courses were not a long way from true Information Technology life substances. It’s fortunate about this experience was that it was not generally what we felt like was genuine; it was what customer needed and what productivity and practical focal point standards managed (Hsieh, Jang, Hwang & Chen, 2011).
Terrible thing was we acknowledged we had a ton more to learn and increase a great deal more encounter, we were exactly toward the start of a long trip and the street ahead was brimming with difficulties, was long and required a steady fixation and vitality to stay aware of the pace and to keep at it. I discovered that innovation, instruments, their fit for reason and their arrangement with corporate method were paramount for survivability of an organization (Hsieh, Jang, Hwang & Chen, 2011).
Group Dynamics and Teams
This made it clear to me that group dynamics as well as team have to instruct ourselves always about innovation patterns. We have to know how developing new advances can change how we work together. We have to be in a position to distinguish how group dynamics as well as team can be gained by contenders. In the event that they were gained by contenders, what could this mean? What would be the future danger if contenders were to adjust these advances much prior?
We likewise need to have the capacity to comprehend if these new advances are simply a design articulation and will vanish like never happened or existed, or will they structure an imperative piece of how we work together (Hsieh, Jang, Hwang & Chen, 2011). When we think back, will we say “I can’t envision how we made Information Technology without these advances”. Take, for instance, 20 years back, how did organizations speak with their clients without web, how did multinational and geologically scattered companies imparted inside, what was the velocity at which they could land to a choice around a specific subject with cooperation of topographically scattered colleagues? How could they have been able to they reach to universal costumers? What was the method for conveyance of data in regards to their items and administrations before web did not exist?
In noted the Effect of technology on group dynamics as well as team within organizations is getting to be more apparent with every day. How would organizations have abbreviated outline to market cycles without utilization of data technology as they do today? What would we be able to have accomplished with a certain measure of plan 20 years prior in correlation with what we can now with the same plan? Would the Information Technology profit the same? Considering how far the registering limit expanded in the most recent 20 years, it is a test to envision what future Information Technology environment and society will look like. We have to be arranged and prepared for such changes within a brief period of time which in all likelihood will happen in a not very long of a period compass (Hsieh, Jang, Hwang & Chen, 2011).
I figured out how to approach a group environment that has numerous pioneers, with distinction of notions. I picked up involvement in how to handle clashes of needs. It was a noteworthy open door for me to build my experience on the most proficient method to handle tight calendar courses of events. I figured out how to juggle what we requirement for our undertaking versus what the customer needs from the same task (Mumtaz, 2000). It was an exceptional open door for every one of us to figure out how to handle challenges because of absence of enthusiasm on the customer’s part in giving vital budgetary data to our deliverables.
Conflict
My procedure with our customer was to concentrate sensible measure of data, if at all conceivable, for our deliverables while keeping customer’s culture toward the task in place. I built my activities in light of fulfilling customer’s necessities and also giving enough data to our deliverables for our course. Striking a harmony between what customer needs and what we requirement for a fruitful report for our course was the key. Encounter that I had with well referred to counseling organizations, for example, Deloitte & IBM helped me a considerable measure in social event necessities and planning reports (Mumtaz, 2000). My insight and experience with respect to innovation, venture asset arranging frameworks, Information Technology application advancement and upkeep helped a considerable measure amid the courses
It is imperative to comprehend the needs of the customer’s culture and articulating them. Keeping trustworthy records of correspondences with the customer, getting clarity on the necessities, great understanding of their close and future Information Technology development are vital components in an effective undertaking (Mumtaz, 2000). I comprehended that to better oversee and convey ventures later on, it is vital to comprehend customer’s Information Technology, what is essential for them, what the basic components are in maintaining their focal point and in this manner how our undertaking can help enhance them.
It is additionally vital to have a finer understanding of innovation patterns that are relevant to customer’s Information Technology. Better explanation of assignments, deliverables, timetables, lead times and assets required are likewise paramount. Showed and proceeded with official initiative is a vital angle in a comparable venture. This permits sensibly quick choice making amid the undertaking, diminishing danger of deferrals in conveyance of the task. It makes it clear to the colleagues and different stakeholders that the association is supporting the undertaking and that they will get the task deliverables and results they are anticipating.
Satisfactory financing and assets committed to the undertaking is additionally vital. Without this, nature of the deliverables may endure, undertaking may be postponed, group may be more inclined to reduce quality to increase throughput on the venture, or go for broke and therefore imperil the nature of conclusions of the task (Wheeler, 2007). Clear influence, parts and obligations is an alternate imperative part of a fruitful undertaking conveyance. Without clear influence, parts and obligations, key points of reference and conveyance dates can be missed. Because of the task not being given the essentialness justified by senior officials, assets may be moved from the undertaking, discriminating choices may be conceded or expelled from plans and the venture may lose believability therefore.
Intercultural Communication
An alternate intercultural communication achievement variable for a task is finished and clear necessities. This kills noteworthy cultural changes in degree all through venture’s lifecycle, likely bringing about the undertaking being on-plan, and being on time (Wheeler, 2007). A thorough, well-thoroughly intercultural communication serves to have a reasonable picture of what is going to be conveyed and when. This will permit enough lead time to acquire crucial assets required towards the recent parts the undertaking, for instance analyzers, specialized essayists, mentors, and Information Technology clients to accept and acknowledge the deliverables.
More noteworthy thought for individuals and authoritative intercultural communication builds possibilities of acknowledgement of the undertaking deliverables by the customer by making its Information Technology surroundings prepared to suit and backing these deliverables (Wheeler, 2007). It is paramount that the deliverables are grasped by Information Technology clients generally the venture may not be seen as a win regardless of the fact that everything is conveyed as concurred.
For example:
The data technology industry has made a ton of progress since I began my vocation clinical medicine and innovation. With intercultural communication data technology has arrived at a state of development so generally planned programming can really enhance as opposed to hinder clinical work process (Wheeler, 2007). Nonetheless, things are a long way from great. Data is still again and again held in storehouses. EMR and HIS frameworks again and again still don’t correspond with one another well, if whatsoever. The remainders of IT legacy are keeping down development. Furthermore individuals, practices, and society are still the most paramount determinants of achievement or disappointment in human services IT. No one but individuals can genuinely change social insurance.
Far and wide, I’ve seen intercultural communication bewildering employments of technology to bring wellbeing data and medicinal administrations into the home; to give ongoing observing about the status of a persistent wellbeing; to caution around a significant risk to open wellbeing; to particularly enhance reaction times to crises, along these lines a great deal more. I’ve seen innovation pilots that exhibit again and again critical upgrades in consideration quality, expense and fulfillment but then, they never appear to break out of pilot mode and into full standard execution. Usually, the boundary isn’t the innovation. What’s lost is the administrative help, adjusted Information Technology forms and fitting motivators that are required to backing boundless selection of innovation. Telemedicine is however one case of a technology that could be accomplishing such a great deal all the more, yet is relentlessly kept down by arcane regulations and installment frameworks that don’t help it. No one but individuals can really change medicinal services (Mumtaz, 2000).
Critical Thinking
I noted that Multi-stakeholder critical thinking is likewise imperative on a venture on the grounds that without general interchanges customer may lose trust in our capacity to deal with the undertaking, might not have an acceptable picture of what is going to be conveyed, and when, may not be mindful of issues happening on the task, though issues may have happened with an effect on conveyance dates, quality and extent of deliverables or may accept there are critical issues happening on the venture when there are none.
It is additionally essential to have a finer understanding of economy in Australia as it identifies with industry that our customer is working in. We have to better understanding legitimate ramifications and law in Australia and Canada that influences Information Technology of our customer. With the assistance of all these discriminating achievement variables, we can wind up with a superior oversaw venture, better customer fulfillment, and greater profits figured it out. We likewise can abatement measure of time to addition back the speculation made on the task. Better arrangement of innovation with organization procedures that sustains and manages playing point of the customer will likewise be a vital conclusion (Mumtaz, 2000).
We can get all the more preparing to enhance ourselves. We ought to expand measure of collaboration with group situations and get more chances to practice great relational abilities, for example, presentations, open talking and different method for enhancing verbal correspondence. This can likewise further be sustained by performing more customer confronting undertakings however much as could reasonably be expected.
General I was extremely satisfied and fulfilled by my involvement with IT courses. There was a continuous rush of excitement amid the course of study in the most recent eight months. School gives its understudy’s unparalleled chances to furnish themselves with significant, current and industry adjusted aptitudes and involvement in a changing and profoundly focused worldwide economy. As a School graduate I will feel considerably surer and prepared for difficulties that future Information Technology life will bring.
References
Chen, D. Q., Mocker, M., Preston, D. S., & Teubner, A. (2010). Information systems strategy: reconceptualization, measurement, and implications. MIS quarterly, 34(2), 233-259.
Hsieh, S. W., Jang, Y. R., Hwang, G. J., & Chen, N. S. (2011). Effects of teaching and learning styles on students’ reflection levels for ubiquitous learning. Computers & Education, 57(1), 1194-1201.
Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers’ use of information and communications technology: a review of the literature. Journal of information technology for teacher education, 9(3), 319-342.
Wheeler, B. (2007). Open Source 2010: Reflections on 2007. Educause Review, 42(1), 49.
Are later mental health issues related to childhood trauma
Are later mental health issues related to childhood trauma?
Owens-Jordan, Megan N., Pattum, Thmyra G, Rester, Jordyn A.,
Schultz, Jade M., Solomon, Onasia J., Thierry, Yolanda M.,
Thomas-Hilts, Marlena L., Townsley, Matthew A.
Social Research Methods SOCL 320 Spring 2021
Professor Muhammad Haque
McNeese State University
February 12, 2021
Objective and Rationale: Childhood trauma often occurs when children experience an overwhelmingly negative event that affects their cognitive and emotional development. Although not all life-threatening events are traumatic, some common traumatic experiences during childhood include but are not limited to sexual abuse, bullying, exposure to war, or a parent’s death. According to Goodman (2013), trauma is relative; a traumatic event to one child might not be traumatic to another child. Thus, trauma is caused by either a one-time event, a continuous event, or a commonly overlooked issue, causing adulthood behaviors and decision-making to be clinically termed as “abnormal” (De Bellis and Zisk, 2014). The prevalence of childhood trauma experiences, both reported and non-reported, followed by a surge in mental health issues, raises concerns about the two cases’ relation. This study seeks to examine the link between childhood trauma and later mental health issues. Trauma may cause people to adopt various coping mechanisms, including physical, psychological, or biological changes, leaving them vulnerable to mental health issues such as depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and anxiety.
These studies’ findings will help ascertain the relationship between childhood trauma and adulthood mental health by combining nomothetic and idiographic research approaches. Although traumatic experiences vary from one individual to another, the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) scale harmonizes the common causes making the blended approach suitable for this study. Mental health patients often lack social support due to explicit factors such as stereotyping and implicit factors such as low self-esteem.
Data Trend: According to Copeland et al. (2018), cognitive theories suggest that early childhood experiences make individuals develop maladaptive strategies that affect their attachment and interpersonal relationships. These maladaptive schemes are an impetus to a range of mental illnesses such as bipolar and psychosis. A 2018 study by Copeland et al. found that cumulative exposure to traumatic experiences for most 16-year-old children is highly associated with mental disorders later in life. In this study, 22.5% of the recipient confessed to having experienced two types of traumas, while 14.8% experienced more than three types of traumas in their childhood (Copeland et al., 2018). These findings are reinforced by a 2019 study by Devi et al., which found a correlation between childhood trauma and adulthood mental issues. In 2019, the WHO estimated that early interventions of childhood trauma would save America and Europe over $1.3 trillion annually since it would significantly reduce mental health issues among adults with childhood trauma histories (Devi et al., 2019).
Scope: (The study expounds existing research on childhood trauma and its relation to later mental health issues. Combining the idiographic and nomothetic approach ensures that the study covers the common implication of childhood trauma on a child’s future mental health, which may stem from behavioral, cognitive, and social development changes after exposure to childhood trauma. The two approaches provide a deep understanding of mental health and childhood trauma.) The findings will also serve as a basis for recommending various approaches to be utilized by practitioners if they ascertain that a patients’ mental illness is related to childhood trauma. Understanding whether childhood trauma contributes to poor mental health in the future is crucial in formulating nursing interventions and designing counseling sessions.
(a) Schematic Diagram:
17621255715Z1 – Experienced childhood trauma.
00Z1 – Experienced childhood trauma.
33458157620Z2 – No childhood trauma experienced.
00Z2 – No childhood trauma experienced.
14859003219460015049493295650015303501617344001155702205990X3
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
00X3
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
1155703108960X4
Anxiety Disorders/Depression
00X4
Anxiety Disorders/Depression
-23876063627000-23876063627000-255270333184500-245745240792000-245745149352000146367513792200014763751207770001346201207770X2
Schizophrenia
00X2
Schizophrenia
255270034099500142938595250000125095312420X1
Bipolar Disorder
00X1
Bipolar Disorder
3811905883920Y – Are later mental health issues related to childhood trauma?
00Y – Are later mental health issues related to childhood trauma?
432435031242000
(b) Variable Names and Definitions
Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depression, is a serious mental illness that can lead to risky behavior, damaged relationship and careers, and suicidal tendencies. It affects men and women equally, with some differences in the way the condition is experienced, as well as all races, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic classes. Bipolar disorder more commonly develops in older teenagers and young adults, but it can appear in children as young as 6. To date, there is no known preventative or cure for the disorder, only treatments to control symptoms (webMD.com).
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which causes significant distress for the individual, their family members, and friends. Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed in the late teen years to the early thirties and tends to emerge earlier in males than females, although it can occur in younger children, it is rare for it to occur before late adolescence. The cause of Schizophrenia is unknown, but there has been success in treating the symptoms of the disorder (nimh.nih.gov, 2021).
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened, even when they are not in danger. Symptoms usually begin early, within 3 months of the traumatic incident, but sometimes they begin years afterward and must last more than a month and be severe enough to interfere with relationships or work to be considered PTSD. Children, as young as 6 years old, and teens can develop PTSD as extreme reactions to trauma, but symptoms typically appear differently than they do in adults (nimh.nih.gov, 2021).
Anxiety disorders come in a wide variety but share features of excessive anxiety and related behavioral disturbances, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and various phobia-related disorders. Anxiety disorders involve more than temporary worry or fear. For a person with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety does not go away and can worsen over time. Additionally, anxiety can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, school, and relationships. Depression is a common but serious mood disorder that often coexists with anxiety. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the U.S. and is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It can affect people of any age, but often occurs in adulthood, though children and adolescents with depression experience more irritability than low mood. Many mood and anxiety disorders in adults begin as high levels of anxiety in children (nimh.nih.gov).
References
Anxiety Disorders. (2021). Retrieved March 10, 2021, from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health Web site: http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index .
Baker, C. K., Harris, F. H., Jones, E. C., & Murphy, A. D. (2009, January 28). Childhood trauma and adulthood physical health in Mexico. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10865-009-9199-2Bipolar Disorder. (2021). Retrieved March 10, 2021, from http://webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-overview-factsCopeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Hinesley, J., Chan, R. F., Aberg, K. A., Fairbank, J. A., … & Costello, E. J. (2018). Association of childhood trauma exposure with adult psychiatric disorders and functional outcomes. JAMA network open, 1(7), e184493-e184493.
De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 23(2), 185-222.
Depression. (2021). Retrieved March 10, 2021, from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health Web site: http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index .
Devi, F., Shahwan, S., Teh, W. L., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y. J., Lau, Y. W., … & Subramaniam, M. (2019). The prevalence of childhood trauma in psychiatric outpatients. Annals of general psychiatry, 18(1), 1-8.
Goodman, R. D. (2013). The transgenerational trauma and resilience genogram. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 26(3-4), 386-405.
Kim, J., Jin, M., Jung, W., Hahn, S., & Lee, S. (2017, September 25). Rumination as a mediator between childhood trauma and adulthood depression/anxiety in non-clinical participants. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01597/full#T1Lochner, C., Seedat, S., Allgulander, C., Kidd, M., Stein, D., & Gerdner, A. (n.d.). Childhood trauma in adults with social anxiety disorder and panic disorder: A cross-national study. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajpsy/article/view/63103Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. (2021). Retrieved March 10, 2021, from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health Web site: http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index .
Schizophrenia. (2021). Retrieved March 10, 2021, from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health Web site: http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index .
Schneider, F. D., Loveland Cook, C. A., Salas, J., Scherrer, J., Cleveland, I. N., Burge, S. K., & Residency Research Network of Texas Investigators. (2020). Childhood trauma, social networks, and the mental health of adult survivors. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(5-6), 1492-1514.
