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Persuasive Appeals in Commercials
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Persuasive Appeals in Commercials
Logos, ethos, and pathos are types of persuasive techniques in the rhetorical triangle, and they can be applied in advertising to convince customers to purchase a particular product. The super bowl championships in America have massive popularity, and it is aired in most of the television channels in the United States. During these championships, different companies come up with advertisements to help persuade people to purchase their products which is a strategic way of advertising. Pepsi is one of the second largest soft drink companies after coca-cola in the United States.
In this essay, I will analyze the 2019 Pepsi super bowl advertisement. The advert involves three famous celebrities in the United States: two pop stars Cardi B and Lil John, and one actor, Steve Carell. The advert is about a woman ordering a coke drink; then the waiter asks her if Pepsi is okay. Steve Carell from the nearing table finds the waiter unrealistic by asking if Pepsi is okay. He tells the waiter that he has to say confidently that Pepsi is okay without any doubts. He points at Lil John, who shouts “okayyyyy,” and Cardi B enters the eatery shouting “okrurrrr.” The purpose of this essay is to analyze how Pepsi has used pathos, ethos, and logos in the super bowl commercial.
Ethos
Persuasion in Films
Persuasion in Films
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Persuasion in Films
One of the most critical aspects of human communication is persuasion. Persuasion forms an essential element of communication, which helps people to convince, provide guidance, and also express themselves. In modern-day society, persuasion is disseminated through diverse channels, which include social media platforms, news publication platforms, or traditional mass media platforms such as television and radio. Persuasion is vastly used in the film The Pursuit of Happyness by the main character Christ Gardner.
Chris Gardner: Character Goals and Means of Persuasion
The film, The Pursuit of Happyness, was produced in 2006. The film talks about an African Family comprised of three family members living in San Francisco. The family members comprised Chris Gardner, his wife Linda, and his son Christopher (Muccino, 2006). The finally undergoes through a financial turmoil that threatens to split it. The financial turmoil in the family started when Chris Gardner invested his money to purchase bone density scanners. However, the idea did not fully materialize as the equipment which Chris Gardner acquired was deemed unsellable. They were too expensive for doctors who often regarded them as luxury equipment. Chris Gardner’s wife decided to move to New York City in search of a better job and leaves Chris and Christopher behind. Chris Gardner and his son are evicted from their house due to unpaid rent and are forced to live in train stations and charity homes. Eventually, Chris Garner decides to take an internship as a stockbroker for six months, thus competing with 19 others for one position in the firm. Chris Gardner diligently takes up the unpaid internship as he also struggles to make ends meet while selling the bone density scanners.
Renowned actor Will Smith plays the role of Chris Gardner. The film provides an essential lesson about success. The fil teaches about the importance of persistence and hard work. Chris Gardner defies all odds to elevate himself from a regular salesman whose business was doing badly to a stockbroker working in a top company. Also, the film teaches about the importance of upholding one’s responsibilities. In the film, Chris Gardner upholds his responsibility as a father to Christopher Gardner. Therefore, two main character goals are associated with the main character, Chris Gardner. The first goal associated is his responsibility to care and raise his young son. Chris aspires to raise a hardworking and intelligent son who can pursue his goals in life. He faces numerous challenges, which include financial difficulties, eviction from their place of residence, and his wife Linda, leaving them due to the problems that the family was facing. The second goal which Chris Gardner is tasked within the film is to live a stable life where he has a steady job, a stable source of income, and he can afford housing and meals for himself and his son. At the end of the movie, Chris Gardner attains the two goals. He earns himself a job as a stockbroker with a stable income and also manages to raise his son well as he had a steady income and job.
One of the reasons why Chris Gardner succeeds in attaining his goals is the use of persuasion. He convincingly uses the art of persuasion to help him deliver his message and also convince others to provide him with the right opportunities. In the first goal, Chris Gardner uses persuasion to raise his son. In the process of raising his son, Chris Gardner faces several hurdles, which include lack of shelter, money, and his wife abandoning his family. The difficulty in raising his son stems from the fact that he had to work two jobs, which were either not paying or was unpredictable. However, he stands firm to raise his son in the best way possible by advising him and encouraging him to pursue his goals. One of the incidences that demonstrate the use of persuasion in raising a son is during an interaction between Chris Gardner and his son at a basketball court. At the opening scenes of the movie, the audience learns that Christopher’s favorite sport of hobby was basketball. Christopher’s interest in the sport is apparent throughout the film and is even made open when his father bought him a basketball ball. In the scene at the basketball court, Chris and his son go through a basketball practice session where the father attempts to play with his son. However, things take a sudden turn when Chris Gardner cautions his son against having high expectations as a future basketball player. He informs his son that he should not harbor any high expectations of becoming a good player because his father did not become any good player. Christopher, visibly angry by the statement, cuts short the session, and stops playing. Chris Gardner notices the change in attitude toward his son. He later tells him that he should never let other people define his future because of their opinions. He does that so well that the son regains his enthusiasm. Chris Gardner had teased his son to teach him a lesson about growth. Chris Gardner’s use of persuasion in the scene was admirable. He provided crucial life lessons to his son, which will make a difference in his future.
Chris Gardner also uses persuasion to attain his second goal, which is to make a stable life by gaining a stable job. Chris Gardner does so by earning himself an internship at a stockbroker company. One of the most interesting things about Garner’s entry into the internship job is the fact that he lacked the basic qualifications and certificates that interviewees needed for the job required. His persuasion skills manifest themselves during an interview session with the panel of interviewers Chris Gardner walks into the interview from police custody where he spent the previous night. He was not dressed for the meeting and had paint on his clothes and body, which he was using before his arrest. However, he uses persuasion skills to convince the interviews to hire him. Chris Gardner knew that he needed the job to create a stable life for his son and himself. He, therefore, managed to persuade and talk the panel into accepting his application as an intern at the firm. In the end, they not only hire him as an intern but also assign him the slot of a permanent employee at the company.
Evaluating Ethics
In both instances involving the pursuant of character goals, Chris Gardner passes the ethical test. The use of persuasion by Garner follows the acceptable ethics that underline communication. One of the main concepts that are outlined by Larson (2012 is responsible for persuasion. In his work, Larson articulates the importance of persuaders revealing their agenda to other people during communication. Revealing one’s agenda is an ethical thing to do as it prevents the possibility of defrauding of lying to them. Chris Gardner reveals his agenda to the interviews when he attempts to attain his goal of acquiring a steady job. He was honest about his whereabouts and also his intentions if the panel decided to assign him a position as an intern at the company. The use of persuasion by Chris Gardner, moreover fulfills the concepts of ethical perspectives, as outlined by Larson. In his assessment, Larson asserts that human nature perspectives help persuades to adhere to ethical values by protecting and nurturing human characteristics, which help other people realize their goals, dreams, and potential. Chris Gardner helps his son realize to develop his unique human characteristics by motivating him to pursue his dream of playing basketball. He provides him with the necessary advice that a father can give his son. His advice was both motivating, honest, and sufficient to provide his son with the necessary impetus to pursue a career in basketball.
Conclusion
The Pursuit of Happyness provides one of the most valuable lessons about life. The movie highlights the importance of communication and the use of communication. Chris Gardner extensively uses his persuasion skills to help him attain his two goals, which included raising his son and acquiring a steady job and income. Throughout the process of using persuasion, Chris Gardner followed the ethical values and concepts which are required in the use of proper persuasion approaches. At the end of the film, he acquires a permanent job and, in the process, secures a better life for his son and himself.
References
Larson, C. (2012). Persuasion: Reception and responsibility. Nelson Education.
Muccino, G. (Director). (2006). The Pursuit of Happyness [Film]. Columbia Pictures
Perspectives on Health and Well-Being in Nursing
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Introduction
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of a disease or infirmity.” The World Health Organization’s definition of health is consistent with that of the bio-psychosocial model of health, which defines health as an inclusion of the psychological, physiological as well as the social factors in health and illness as well as the interactions between the elements (Dharmshaktu, 2018). However, the WHO’s definition differs from that of the traditional medical model that defines health as the absence of disease or illness. Therefore, it emphasizes the role of clinical diagnosis and intervention.
The WHO’s definition of health associates health explicitly with wellbeing. It also conceptualizes health as a human right, which requires physical and social resources in order to achieve and maintain a healthy human being. The definition of wellbeing is that it is a positive rather than a neutral state of a person and thus frames health as a positive desire (White & Eyber, 2017). The definition of wellbeing was adopted from the Ottawa Charter of 1986, and to which described health as a resource for everyday life and not an object of living. Based on the Ottawa definition, health can be deemed as a means of living well, which highlights the link between health promotion and participation in society.
Going back to the definition of health by WHO, the health potential has been perceived to include both physical and mental wellbeing, which is depicted as the context of a person’s development in the course of their lives. Nurses have been tasked with the main task of maintaining health among the patients. They deal with the patients for long times as the work of a physician requires them only to diagnose a patient and leave the rest under the care of a nurse. As a result of this, the nurses are referred to as the health care providers and play a core role in ensuring that the population is healthy and well looked at even at the times of crisis. Whether a person is improving in health or not is left for the nurses, and this positions the nurses in a strategic position in regard to the prevention of diseases as well as offering care to the patient, especially palliative care (Danielsen et al., 2018). Based on this, nurses, therefore, are tasked with measuring the performance of a patient in response to achieving complete health both mentally and physically. A total recovery implies the absence of disease, and the patient’s body is well-functioning.
However, the resultant measures of health care in nursing have continued to frequent and emphasize the absence of any symptoms of a disease. And this is consistent with the biomedical perspective of health. Based on this, the overall objective of the nursing sciences involves the development of strategies for the support of the patients’ to make informed decisions and choices regarding their personal health status in the course of their lives. The primary goal of nursing, therefore, to make considerations and as well, support more sophisticated processes in maintaining the health of a person rather than just putting efforts on the treatment and curing of diseases or illnesses (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Most of the caring work is left to the nurses. Nurses from all specialties are, therefore, tasked with the responsibility of facilitating the empowerment of their patients through providing caring assignments.
The definition of health has also included the mental health part, and this implies that nurses also have the responsibility of ensuring that their patients are mentally stable. Mental health nurses, therefore, should have the ability to integrate the basic concepts into clinical praxis which has been described as being dependent on the ability of the nurses to assess the needs of the patients (Kitson, 2018); this is a way of supporting the patient in regard to empowerment as well as dealing with the issues of power imbalances in an organizational. One of the common issues in the acquisition of nursing knowledge across all the different fields in nursing is the consideration of how the process of transition needs to be included; for example, patient empowerment. The growth process and the subjective experience of health have been labeled as the process of transition and have been most often stimulated through the communication of needs and thoughts. Since a lot of time is spent with the patients, emotional support has been shown to be of great significance, especially during the caring period when the patients undergoing through the various treatments in both home-based care as well as in the health care institutions.
The concept of transition in nursing is highly intertwined with health and wellbeing (Kristiansen et al., 2018). The reason behind this is that the meaning of the term transition involves psychological processes that the patient adapts in regard to the changing reality. As a result, transition, therefore, becomes a concept of utmost concern in nursing regardless of the area of specialization as it involves the processes of movement from one condition, state, or situation to another. One of the most significant concepts in regard to transiting towards a positive state of health and wellbeing in mental health nursing is the increased self-understanding. The aspect of self-understanding is accomplished through the possibility of verbalization in regard to desires in a trusting relationship.
Another major and essential aspect of nursing, regardless of the area of specialization, is the involvement of the family members and relatives in the care process with the primary aim of assisting in recognition of the needs of the patient (Caldeira, Romeiro & Martins, 2019). It should be noted that most of the mental health patients might be experiencing worse conditions that might not allow them even to recognize who they are, and even at this point, nurses have to carry on with their caring and nursing responsibilities. Based on this, patients in the mental health care facilities may be at times unable to verbalize their needs and desires, and therefore, this is where the family members and relatives come in. The relatives may play an essential role in the recognition as well as the communication of the needs of their patients. The help may be relevant even at times when the needs are insufficiently acknowledged by the care providers, which most of the time, it is the nurses.
It is difficult for nurses alone to be able to manage the health crises, especially for mentally ill patients. Therefore, to ensure an effective recovery process, a collaborative approach is needed for the stakeholders. In the advancement of nursing care among the patients as well as the enhancement of health and wellbeing among the patients and their relatives, there is need to gather more information to increase the nursing knowledge and ten applied and evaluated in regard to their abilities to support the patients’ transition towards the attainment of better health and wellbeing. However, there are issues related to the specialization that tend to affect the nursing career, and one of them is the ability of the nurses to provide emotional support to the patient as a way of helping them to verbalize their needs and desires.
The need for emotional support is not only essential in helping the patient try to verbalize their needs, but it is also a significant aspect of the healing process. Many patients may not feel like they are treated in the right manner if the nurse does not show any empathy to the patient. Being ruthless in the name of professionalism does not guarantee the effective healing process of the patient, and therefore, the nurse should at least show some concern to the patient. Women are more empathetic than men, and this implies that men are less likely to be empathetic.
Women learn to be empathetic at a young age, and the reason behind this is that women are used to taking care of their families and siblings back at home and therefore grow up with an empathetic mind. Being gentle is also associated with depicting emotional concern to the patient, and this has an overall impact on speeding the recovery process. Based on this, it is essential for the nurses regardless of gender, to show emotional support to the patients. Especially those who have mental conditions as some might have fallen into depression as a result of abandonment, and all that they need is emotional support to help them heal and recover faster.
Based on nursing ethics, all patients need to be treated the same without discrimination, and this implies that the nurses have to ensure equality in all their activities involving the patients (Suhonen et al., 2018). Equality in the decision making process is essential to ensuring that all patients are subjected to the same treatment while they are in the healthcare facilities. Equality in decision making is achieved through a genuine dialogue with either the patients or their relatives of which is aimed at supporting the patient’s resources and insights. Even in decision making, emotional support still applies in that it enhances the patient’s ability to make decisions in accordance with their personal preferences.
There are various ethical concerns that do face the nurses in their line of duty and to which tend to question the morality of the decisions they make. For example, in the case of abortion, organ donation, and even in euthanasia, ethical considerations are required. Some decisions may seem simple to make for a layperson, but for a nurse, they may have to make a lot of considerations in order to come up with a solution. Upon graduation, nurses and doctors take the Hippocratic Oath in which they swear to protect the lives of the patients. However, there have been many issues in the places of work. For example, in abortion and euthanasia, nurses are faced with the moral obligations of protecting life and at the same time, and they have to alleviate pain and suffering. Based on this, they are faced with a dilemma and which they are supposed to choose one. If they make a wrong decision, it may haunt them over their lives, and they may even be putting their career on the line. Based on this, a proper and guided decision needs to be made before the action is performed to safeguard the patient’s right to health and wellbeing.
In conclusion, health can be described as being a multifaceted approach and to which consists of numerous definitions of which depend upon a range of factors that are relative to every individual. As a result, a collaboration between different sectors is needed to help in the provision of a holistic approach. Every stakeholder in the health sector should be involved both in decision making and taking care of the patients. Nurses play a crucial role in ensuring that the health and wellbeing of all individuals have been achieved. And this is regardless of the condition in which they are suffering.
References
Caldeira, S., Romeiro, J., & Martins, H. (2019). The Role of the Nurse in Providing Spiritual Care: A Case Study Approach to Exploring Specific Care Provision by Healthcare Workers in the Context of an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team. In Spirituality in Healthcare: Perspectives for Innovative Practice (pp. 117-142). Springer, Cham.
Danielsen, B. V., Sand, A. M., Rosland, J. H., & Førland, O. (2018). Experiences and challenges of home care nurses and general practitioners in home-based palliative care–a qualitative study. BMC palliative care, 17(1), 95.
Dharmshaktu, N. S. (2018). Holistic Health and Wellbeing: How to Achieve it. Int. J. Preven. Curat. Comm. Med, 4(2).
Kitson, A. L. (2018). The fundamentals of care framework as a point-of-care nursing theory. Nursing research, 67(2), 99-107.
Kristiansen, L., Karlström, A., Holmstrom, M. R., Boman, N., Jonsson, C., & Olofsson, N. (2018). A health promotion intervention strengthening Swedish high school students’ wellbeing: A feasibility study. British Journal of School Nursing, 13(6), 288-297.
Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic nursing, 36(1), 12.
Suhonen, R., Stolt, M., Habermann, M., Hjaltadottir, I., Vryonides, S., Tonnessen, S., … & Scott, P. A. (2018). Ethical elements in priority setting in nursing care: A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies, 88, 25-42.
White, S. C., & Eyber, C. (2017). Positive mental health and wellbeing. In The Palgrave Handbook of Sociocultural Perspectives on Global Mental Health (pp. 129-150). Palgrave Macmillan, London.