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BRAZILIAN RACIAL DEMOCRACY
BRAZILIAN RACIAL DEMOCRACY
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Brazilian Racial Democracy
Introduction
Brazil is one of the countries in America that suffered from an influx of many slaves who were brought to the country at different times and due to the common reasons that there was a shortage of labor in America. Therefore these slaves who were majorly from Africa upon settling became a full member of the society and advanced different believes and thoughts about their place in the American society. The whites also helped create the different ways the blacks and the Africans in America were viewed and therefore it is upon this that there is a population of black people as well as whites and Indians in America (Wade, 1998). However, this list of the American people does not end here because there are other types of people present within American territories. Therefore racial discrimination was in place in most American parts whereby the black people were seen as being unable to fully function as the whites. The concept of racial freedom in Brazil was coined by Gilberto Freyre in the 1930s (Twine, 1998). This concept explains that Brazil is past the racial classifications of the society due to different reasons he gives. Therefore this paper discusses racial freedom as advanced in Brazil and whether in a real sense this concept exists or it is just a belief which does not apply.
History of Brazilian racism
The concept of racial discrimination according to Sergio follows a man and therefore it is not possible to claim that no country is free from racism. This is because racism is a part and parcel of humanity whereby a person may have a feeling that they are superior to another human being based on different aspects of their life and based on different observations. Therefore it turns out that the assertion that Brazil is free from racism is not true especially with its population which is comprised of individuals from different parts of the world and with different skin colors.
The history of racism in Brazil and most parts of America dates back to the period when slaves were transported to America from Africa. However, Gobineau was the first man ever to come up with racism in 1856 when he wrote his book titled ‘about the inequality of the human races. In his book, he praises the white man as being racially superior. This book declares negroes and whites as completely different because of their appearance and therefore they cannot be termed as equal. Even though there is still no way for science to prove the difference between races and what this means for our existence and lives it remains in our minds that race is a complex phenomenon and it is a very important aspect of human life to ponder upon. In the 19th century Portugal kept on bringing in more slaves and this made a conflict arise between Portuguese men and the English men who were very much against slavery and its trade.
Even though the Portuguese did not consider this a problem England went ahead and declared this illegal in the year 1807 march. In 1808 England declared slave trade a crime against humanity and through its pressure Portuguese at the end stopped slave trade. It was an issue of conflict of interest and fighting for the slave trade to be stopped from one end and fighting or it to be continued from the other end. With the pressure from England, the pressure prevailed, and therefore on 13th October 1855, the last embankment of the slaves happened. In the first half of the 19th century, the traffic of slaves ended completely but slavery did not end. For those born in Brazil, laws were protecting and favoring them like the law of the free womb which was passed in 1871. In 1855 the Sexagema Lw was approved and this law, therefore, freed anyone who was beyond 60 years old from being a slave. In 1888 there was an end to the legal discrimination of anyone who was of color in Brazil and therefore most of the slaves.
The concepts which led to the freedom of slaves were that no man is supposed to own another one since a human being is a human being. One person steps of a free state they become free and therefore the state where they are must make sure that their freedom is fully respected. The slave markets and slave trade were abolished completely. In the first republican constitution, there is no racial discrimination recorded as everyone one including the black people was given full citizenship and they were free people. However, with all these advancements there is a type of discrimination that still exists as portrayed by Afonso Arinos Law of 1951 which states that no one is supposed to be treated unfairly because of their skin color (Bailey, 2004).
Lack of racial freedom
Therefore racial discrimination in Brazil unlike in the USA is on a very small scale due to different issues and conceptions about race and what it means to be racist. Therefore this means that race has to be kept aside for the different people within a community to live together happily and with no discrimination. Even though there has been very positive regard concerning the freedom in crazily there is still a question which needs to be answered; whether truly for sure racial uniformity and non-discrimination are achieved in the Brazilian society (Hasenbalg et al, 1999). This question is very difficult to answer since as commonly known Brazilian racial discrimination does not exist and therefore it is a difficult part of the country to admit that there can and there might be very many cases of racial discrimination committed however without the government’s knowledge.
As some member of the public state in brazil, those whites who have been in the game of advancing the concept and the notion of racially free brazil are the same people who are in the business of having very bad cases of racial discrimination therefore through the creation is this kind of illusion in the minds of the people it becomes very difficult for anyone to believe that racial discrimination occurs and therefore they stick to the belief that racial discrimination does not happen in brazil (Hasenbalg et al, 1999).
These efforts by the whites to provide a national face of themselves come with the different issues purported to exists and have an impact on the lives of Brazilians and which do not happen in a real sense. The concept of racial freedom, therefore, is one of them. The major reason for the desire and the will of the whites to support this kind of campaign is that if they make the country be at peace and whereby no one checks and looks at them then they can go on with their agendas in a clear and undetectable manner. However, these efforts are on the rise, and therefore in most of the time, there is hiding while some few times this is noticed by a few people. even though it sounds very good to have racial freedom it also sounds very bad if a person suffers in silence and due to the lack of proper ways to address this issue then there is a lack of a way to help a person who is really in serious help (Twine, 1998). Therefore it turns out that racial freedom as very much advocated for only exists in the mind.
Many people look at life from a perspective that is high and questionable. This is how most Brazilians view their society and most of them are proud that they are above racial discrimination and racial marking. However, it is easier to keep in mind that racial democracy does not exist while being careful rather than being extremely un-careful and a person gets discriminated against in some very humiliating ways. Most of the black population in Brazil, therefore, has similar opportunities and they live a normal life just like the theorist who came up with this theory suggested that due to the intermarriages there is a production of human beings who are seen as ones who cannot be affected by racism since they are a combination of both races and therefore represents both sides and no one side only (Winant, 1999).
Therefore it is true that there is racial freedom in Brazil. However, with the current weather and climate of events, it cannot be said explicitly that racial freedom is fully present as most of the times it does not hold, and even if it is in the small actions and behaviors that alone is clear communication that absolute racial democracy is not achievable (Bailey, 2004).
Conclusion
In conclusion therefore the nature of humanity is to find mistakes and therefore even though it is a difficult explanation that racial freedom is not as discussed because of its ability to exist free of any mistreatment and have certain rare cases of freedom there is still a firm proof that most of the times racial discrimination occurs and that even though it is good to research which came up with this concept it cannot be applied explicitly in Brazilian environment.
References
Bailey, S. R. (2004). Group dominance and the myth of racial democracy: Antiracism attitudes in Brazil. American Sociological Review, 69(5), 728-747.
Hasenbalg, C. A., Lovell, P. A., Santos, T., Da Silva, B., do Valle Silva, N., & dos Santos, I. (1999). Racial politics in contemporary Brazil. Duke University Press.
Twine, F. W. (1998). Racism in a racial democracy: The maintenance of white supremacy in Brazil. Rutgers University Press.
Wade, P. (1998). Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil.
Winant, H. (1999). Racial democracy and racial identity. Racial politics in contemporary Brazil, 98-115.
Making ethical decisions in business
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Making ethical decisions in business
1. There are several lies in the tangled webs that have been discussed. The first lie that comes out clearly is the lie that life is short and thus each person must have an affair. This makes the people to rush to the social site in an attempt to get friends that will in the end culminate into lovers. The revenues of the site owners continue to increase at the expense of the marriages and affairs of the people who visit this site. The site owners do not tell the people the consequences that might accrue from their interaction on the site. As much as the site owner gives some advice on how people can meet safely, it does not guarantee the security of the information shared on the site. This shared information is what leads to the downfall of many successful business people like Gansman and Brodsky. Additionally, the owners do not tell the people the right thing that marriages can be broken through this site, but only look at their profitability from the venture. The main losers of this grand scheme of lies were the spouses of the people involved in the extramarital affairs resulting from the contacts on the site.
Another lie presented in the tangled web is the failure of Donna to disclose to her friends he met on the social site, her dealings. She does this so craftily that neither of her friends realizes this accept her farther who also has fraudulent dealings. She additionally deals fraudulently in the stock market by making abnormal profits. To cover her fraudulent deals, she registers the securities under her two daughters’ names. Later after her fraudulence is discovered, she tried to conceal evidence of her dealings by deleting the contents of her laptop’s hard disk. She additionally gives fabricated lies and gives false documents to exonerate herself. These lies by Murdoch affected the lives of the people she was close with. For instance, Gansman lost his job and his life was totally ruined by the deceptive lies of Murdoch. He was sentences to one year and one day in prison for the offences committed by Murdoch. Additionally he was given a six months supervised release from prison by the courts. Furthermore, the attorney was barred from practicing his profession following the conviction. On the other hand Murdoch was fined for the offence she committed but was later acquitted based on her inability to pay the fine. But the mastermind of these grand lies, Murdoch has never been imprisoned for the crimes she committed. This so far is most harmful lie that is told in the tangled webs.
2. Secondly we explore the fairness is the judgments pronounced on Murdoch, Gansman and Brodsky. The judgment of Gansman was not fair in that he was not the one involved in the dealings that were under investigation. It is the case of a good man who made the wrong decision of falling in love with a deceptive woman who made him go against what they had agreed with his employer. As much as Murdoch tried to prove that Gansman had the motive to commit the offence, the judgment was unfair in that the accused did not gain anything financially from the dealings of Murdoch. On the other hand the judgment of fining Murdoch was not fair as compared to the harsh penalty given to Gansman. Murdoch should have received the most severe punishment of the accused. This is because she was the architect and driver of all the dealings. She was also the major beneficiary of the grand fraud having gained a lot financially. This is when compared to the gains enjoyed by other like Gansman. The sentence of Brodsky was fair given that he had been involved in the dealings and he had greatly benefited from the business they were doing defrauding the stock market. The sentencing to one year and a day in prison was to act as deterrent for him not to engage again in the acts of fraud but this did not serve the purpose. This is because he later instructs his friend to conduct the business on his behalf.
3. Thirdly, the analysis shifts on whether the Ashley madison is based on ethical principles. This firm is not based on ethical principles given what it standards for as seen from its motto. According to a leader of a pro-marriage group, the company is dumping raw sewage into the marriages. This means that the company brings down the marriage institution. Additionally, the company disclosures the private information of its members that is entirely unethical. A company is not allowed to disclose any information regarding its customer to any person other person other than the authorized firm and the individual himself.
These disclosures are what led to the arrests of Murdoch and Gansman. To explain the extent to which this company is viewed as unethical, the company failed to secure funding in its quest to merge with other companies for expansion. One of the investors approached to invest, said that it was better to invest in beer or tobacco company than to invest in Ashley madison. His reasons for this were that the company leads to destruction of families. He believes that consequence of divorce brought about by the activities that take place on the site, lead to broken families with children suffering the most.
4. Biderman justifies his business by using his own marriage life. He says that he is happily married and he has high fidelity to his marriage. He believes that one’s ability is no based on the use of a website but rather it’s the individual’s predisposition. He is of the opinion that all humans have the genetic predisposition to cheat. He does not believe that marriage must be monogamous and is of the opinion that anybody who assumes this is burying their hand in the sand on the truth. He further alleges that his site does not entice people in happy unions to cheat but only creates an avenue for the aggrieved parties in marriage to get solace in the arms of someone they may love better. But despite his attempts, he is unable to fulfill his ethical responsibilities to the people. This is seen by the great opposition he faces in trying to market his site in the mainstream media. He is not allowed to market this concept in the media.
5. From these stories, one is able to learn that one’s business ethics should be in line with the expectations of the people and the moral codes. Going against the laid down ethics is detrimental to both the individual and the organization at large. It goes further to show that while in a capitalist environment you must do what conforms to the capitalist ideas for you to survive.
Summary
Making ethical decisions in business
In life there are various situations that call for one to act ethically whether at the work place or in private life. The individuals can use the various principles, ideas and methods in order to navigate the challenging situations arising from the ethical issues. One has to stick to the laid down regulations regarding the ethical principles to be followed regardless of the prevailing conditions.an individual should never be influenced by their individual short term gains in exchange for the adherence to the ethics. This can be seen in the case of Gansman who compromised his ethics for his friendship with Murdoch. This led to his downfall as he was convicted and eventually lost his job as an attorney.
Lies and deception are the main things that make people blunders in the right implementation of ethics both at the work place and in an individual’s private life. When faced with ethical issues one should consider first the value of ethics and think about the personal gains or friendships later. Lies are so bad in life in that it takes power from other people. It is believed that lies make people not to speak the truth, manipulate others and withhold information that may be necessary for one to make a sound ethical decision. These lies can make other people to act against their own conscience. Additionally, the lies can have far reaching consequences even to people who did not lie but are close to the liars. All in all, people should uphold ethics at all times in their decision making in order to avoid the consequences.
MGT312T- Week 3
MGT/312T- Week 3
Arrow Furniture is a family-owned and operated manufacturer of high-end furniture located in North Carolina. The furniture industry has suffered from foreign competition over recent years. Nationwide, there have been massive layoffs and several large companies have closed. Arrow’s workers are feeling these pressures and have begun displaying counterproductive behaviors. The HR manager recently told Mary Baker, the family member serving as CEO, that employees are threatening to unionize if they don’t get higher pay and more job security. Mary is upset by this comment because the family has supported employees with decent salaries and health benefits. Higher wages are the last thing the company needs if they are to remain competitive.
The Baker family wants to turn things around. They know they will have to be more competitive price-wise. This might be achieved by finding cheaper suppliers, lowering employee labor costs, or increasing productivity. That said, the Baker’s strongly believe that it is important to “take care of their people,” many of whom are lifelong employees.
A global car manufacturer is going to open a new facility in the community. It is likely the company will offer higher salaries and better benefits than offered by Arrow Furniture. The firm is known to offer such benefits in an attempt to reduce the need for a union. Jobs at this plant will be more technically advanced than those at Arrow and the company is offering job training to those who are interested.
The Bakers are aware that the nature of work at Arrow results in moderate levels of hygiene factors and low motivators.
Using the 3-Step Problem-Solving Approach and the Organizing Framework, what should the Bakers do to motivate their employees and get support for the company’s future plans?
#2. Review the following conversation:
Marcy: Dana, can I talk to you for a couple of minutes? We’ve been roommates for two years and I think I have a time management problem. I just don’t get enough done in a day. What do you think?
Dana: Tell me more. How did you decide that you have a problem?
Marcy: I never get everything done on my to-do list. The more I get done, the more I end up adding to the list.
Dana: What would solving the problem look like to you?
Marcy: Well, I’d get everything done on my list.
Dana: Is that realistic?
Marcy: It’s not, but what else am I going to do?
Dana: What else can you do that will help? Can you work with an advisor? Use a scheduling program?
This is an example of coaching. Describe the process of coaching and explain why is it important for managers to be effective coaches.