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Hildegard of Bingen’s O viridissima virga (O Greenest Branch) and Léonin’s First Respond from Viderunt Omnes
Music.
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Hildegard of Bingen’s O viridissima virga ("O Greenest Branch") and Léonin’s First Respond from Viderunt Omnes ("All the Ends of the Earth") both utilize single melodies that have constant repetition and rhythm. Other than that, they both rely on the use of melismas as an emphasis tool to get the attention of the audience. Both of these compositions have the rhythmic freedom as they both have stratified textures and short-length notes which control the length of the pitch.
Hildegard of Bingen’s O viridissima virga ("O Greenest Branch") is vague but strophic since all of the successive verses commence with phrases that are melodic. The chant contains a few melismas hence giving O viridissima virga a neumatic fashion. In contrast to Hildegard of Bingen’s O viridissima virga, Léonin’s First Respond from Viderunt Omnes has melismas that are amplified by the polyphony, and this draws the listeners attention. Lastly, unlike the O viridissima virga, the Viderunt Omnes has a fast tempo, a polyphonic texture, a polyrhythm rhythm, and a disjunct melody.
Both of these compositions revolve around the spiritual life and religious unity of individuals. However, these compositions were created to illustrate and portray different messages. To begin with, Hildegard of Bingen’s O viridissima virga was meant to compare nature and the healing effect that it has on humanity. This piece infuses the writer’s spiritual works and beliefs about the purpose of nature. On the other hand, Léonin’s First Respond from Viderunt Omnes mainly passed in the message of holding on to salvation.
Reference
Wright, C. (2013). Listening to music. Nelson Education.
Annotated Bibliography – Fourteenth Amendment
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Annotated Bibliography – Fourteenth Amendment
1. Lash, Kurt T. “Enforcing the Rights of Due Process: The Original Relationship Between the Fourteenth Amendment and the 1866 Civil Rights Act.” Geo. LJ 106, (2017): 1389.
The article focuses on the 1866 Civil Rights Act to obtain clues that would help in the interpretation of the original meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment. The reason behind this is that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 aimed at protecting only citizens of the United States, and therefore, most of the scholars believe that the 1866 Act should be used as a guide to understanding the 14th Amendment’s citizen-based privileges. The Fourteenth Amendment, based on the 1866 Act, is attributed to have protected the natural and equal right due process in matters regarding life, liberty and property. Based on this, the article is suitable for my paper on amendments regarding equality of persons.
2. Maltz, Earl. “The Coming of the Fifteenth Amendment: the Republican Party and the Right to Vote in the Early Reconstruction Era.” Available at SSRN 3317813 (2019).
The article celebrates the 150th year since the proposition of the Fourteenth Amendment. The article states that on February 25th, 1869, two thirds of the members of the House of Representatives approved the Fourteenth Amendment while the Senate followed suit the next day sending the Amendment to the state legislatures to make ratifications. After ratifications, the Fourteenth Amendment became the last of the Reconstruction amendments and to which fundamentally transformed both the Constitution as well as the nature of the American federalism. According to the article, the Fourteenth Amendment is of great significance since it aimed at looking explicitly on race and as well limited the powers of the government to establish qualifications for voters during elections.
3. Pino, Lisset Marie, and John Fabian Witt. “The Fourteenth Amendment as an Ending: Constitutional Beginnings and the Demise of the War Power.” The Journal of the Civil War Era 10.1 (2020): 5-28.
The article perceives the Fourteenth Amendment as a vindication of the military experience of the Civil War. The article states that the bullets and bayonets in wartime led to peacetime citizenship that is stipulated in Section 1 of the 14th Amendment and to peacetime ballots were first protected in Section 2 of the Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment helped to close out the righteous form of power that had emerged in the antebellum era as a solution to the glaring injustice of slavery. The article further states that the 14th Amendment was as a result of the wartime experience one that had embodied victory of war, and also blunting the force and pace.
4. Pope, James Gray. “Section 1 of the Thirteenth Amendment and the Badges and Incidents of Slavery.” UCLA L. Rev. 65 (2018): 426.
The article talks about the Thirteenth Amendment which was a precursor to the Fourteenth Amendment. The article presents the first comprehensive treatment of the basic and officially ‘open’ question of whether Section 1 of the 13th Amendment directly bans the badges and incidents of slavery. However, it notes that Section 1 partially banned the incidences and badges, but they parted company over which one. The Democrats and their allies claimed that it outlawed only the core incidence of slavery such as forced labor, while the Republicans maintained that it banned a far broader set such as the denials of the rights enumerated in the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which include the right to own property, make contracts and even participate in courts.
5. Sekhon, Nirej. “Purpose, policing, and the Fourth Amendment.” J. Crim. L. & Criminology 107 (2017): 65.
The article focuses on the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment by making reference to cases. According to the article, these reference pertains to the motivations of individual officers and occasionally to the public institutions. It is unsurprising that many courts pay attention to the purpose as across many areas of the law, an alleged offender’s intention is often critical in determining the liability, remedy, or both. The purpose of analyzing the Fourteenth Amendment cases is, however, confused, as the Supreme Court advances separate frameworks without explanation. As a result, they end up derailing the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment during judgment.
Annotated Bibliography – Developmental Psychology
Annotated Bibliography – Developmental Psychology
Assignment: The purpose of this assignment is for students to compile a bibliography of two peer reviewed journal articles in a topic area of your choice that falls under Chapter9, 10, or Chapter 11. This assignment will encourage students to read and critically think about how your selected research articles relates to your selected topic.
Step 1: Select your topic of interest under Chapter 9 (Emerging Adulthood) Chapter 10 (Early Adulthood) or Chapter 11 (Middle Adulthood). When selecting your topic, please be as specific as possible and pick a topic that is of interest to you.For example:
Impact of Divorce in Early Adulthood
Health Concerns in Middle Adulthood
The Emergence of Early Alzheimer’s in Mid-Adulthood
Risky Sexual Behaviors in Emerging Adulthood
Alcoholism and Addiction Issues in Emerging Adulthood
The Impact of Stressors for Traditional College Age Students
Step 2: Using library database, select two peer reviewed research articles.
Step 3: List the 1st article in APA format. See annotated bibliography example.
Smith, Katherine (2010) Tale of Two Studies. Journal of Human Behavior,Volume 5, 12-18.
Step 4: Under each reference, the 1st paragraph should have the following information: explanation of what your topic is about, a general summary of the article selected to include main topic of article, research methodology in article and brief summary of main findings. The next paragraph should discuss how the information you uncovered in your article relates to the information in the text. How the information expands your knowledge for your selected topic. (example below)
The main purpose of this article was determine what factors predict problem behaviors in teenagers. The main population of study were teenagers who were white, black and Hispanics. The income levels ranged from 10,000, Or less per year to 61,000, Or more. Subjects were from single parent homes.
This study included over 12,000 students attending 134 high school and middle schools. The data represents 7th to 12th graders in schools across the country.
Using multivariate regression analyses, the researchers assessed whether or not the following behaviors: smoking, alcohol, weapon-related violence, suicide risks, and sex were influenced by race, income and family structure. The major findings of this study concluded that teens from single parent homes and low income families were more likely to display delinquent behaviors such as smoking, having sexual intercourse, and drinking.
The information in this research article highlights the predictive factors for teenage delinquency. Amongst these factors includes teens that come from single parent family homes and teens from lower income families. Some of these delinquent behaviors included smoking, drinking and sexual behavior. In the textbook, Arnett (2018) also discusses teen delinquency as well. He cites several theorist who analyze the relationship between age and participation in delinquent activities. The first theory that he discusses is the Life Course Persistent Delinquent by Moffitt. This theory propose that “delinquents who show a pattern of problems from birth onward and whose problems continue onward in adulthood” (p.399). He contends that many of these children who have neuropsychological deficits such as ADHD/Learning Disabilities and are more likely to grow up in high risk environment such as low income families/single parent homes which makes them more susceptible to participation in criminal activity. In addition, he cites that parents also experience their own issues which can have an impact on the children as well. This finding is similar to the findings in the article who also proposes that teens who come from low income families and single family homes are likely to experience delinquency. These finding may not be unusual as these deviant behaviors in impoverished environment may be seen as the norm. In addition, conditions of poverty may lead to psychological problems such as a lowered self-esteem, depression and anxiety and these problems can potentially lead to destructive behavior. Moffitt (2003) also noted that parents experience their own problems as well. Potentially, the problems that are experienced especially single parents may have an impact on one’s ability to fully parent a child. In general, the research article expands my knowledge by outlining the various factors that contribute to teenage delinquency and in conclusion this knowledge can be used to create prevention and intervention programs for troubled youth.
Step 5: Please compare and contrast the two articles as related to your specified topic. When comparing and contrasting the article, feel free to reference facts from the literature review. Feel free to compare and contrast the results from each study. Please cite at least 3 comparisons/contracts and explain why this information is relevant.
Comparison/Contrast 1:
Comparison/Contrast 2:
Comparison/Contrast 3:
Annotated Bibliography Example Format – Developmental Psychology
Smith, Katherine (2010) Tale of Two Studies. Journal of Human Behavior,
Volume 5, 12-18.
The main purpose of this article was determine what factors predict problem behaviors in teenagers. The main population of study were teenagers who were white, black and Hispanics. The income levels ranged from 10,000, Or less per year to 61,000, Or more. Subjects were from single parent homes. This study included over 12,000 students attending 134 high school and middle schools. The data represents 7th to 12th graders in schools across the country.
Using multivariate regression analyses; the researchers assessed whether or not the following behaviors: smoking, alcohol, weapon-related violence, suicide risks, and sex were influenced by race, income and family structure. The major findings of this study concluded that teens from single parent homes and low income families were more likely to display delinquent behaviors such as smoking, having sexual intercourse, and drinking.
The information is this research highlights the predictive factors for teenage delinquency. Amongst these factors includes teens that come from single parent family homes and teens from lower income families. Some of these delinquent behaviors included smoking, drinking and sexual behavior. In the textbook, Arnett also discusses teen delinquency as well. He cites several theorist who analyze the relationship between age and participation in delinquent activities. The first theory that he discusses is the Life Course Persistent Delinquent by Moffitt. This theory propose that “delinquents who show a pattern of problems from birth onward and whose problems continue onward in adulthood” (p.399). He contends that many of these children who have neuropsychological deficits such as ADHD/Learning Disabilities and are more likely to grow up in high risk environment such as low income families/single parent homes which makes them more susceptible to participation in criminal activity. In addition, he cites that parents also experience their own issues which can have an impact on the children as well. This finding is similar to the findings in the article who also proposes that teens who come from low income families and single family homes are likely to experience delinquency. These finding may not be unusual as these deviant behaviors in impoverished environment may be seen as the norm. In addition conditions of poverty may lead to psychological problems such as a lowered self-esteem, depression and anxiety and these problems can potentially lead to destructive behavior. Moffitt (2003) also noted that parents experience their own problems as well. Potentially, the problems that are experienced especially single parents may have an impact on one’s ability to fully parent a child. In general, the research article expands my knowledge by outlining the various factors that contribute to teenage delinquency and in conclusion this knowledge can be used to create prevention and intervention programs for troubled youth.
Annotated Bibliography – Developmental Psychology Comparison/Contrast
Instructions: Please cite either a comparison or contrast using your two selected articles and then explain why this information is relevant, or useful.
Comparison/Contrast 1:
Comparison/Contrast 2:
Comparison/Contrast 3:
Grading Criteria
This assignment is worth 40pts:
Did the student provide a clear summary to include explanation of what your topic is about? A general summary of the article selected to include main topic of article, research methodology in article and brief summary of main findings. (10pts)
Did the student clearly discuss how the information uncovered in the article relates to the information in the text and how the information expands your knowledge for your selected topic? Did the student cite three comparison/contrast and discuss why the information presented was relevant? (20pts)
Did the student list the two articles in the appropriate APA format? (5pts)
Is the student’s writing clear and logical. Did the student use appropriate grammar, did the student type the assignment, and is the student’s work well organized. (5pts)
Deduction points (- 10pts if students did do scaffolding)