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Drugs affect individuals in various ways including health problems
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Drugs
Drugs affect individuals in various ways including health problems. They are far-reaching to every organ in the human body thus weakening an individual’s immune system making them susceptible to infections. They can also cause various cardiovascular conditions including the fatal heart attack. Drugs can also overload the liver causing it to have significant damages that may be fatal. Drugs can also cause seizures, strokes and a wide variety of brain damage thus causing an impact on all aspects of an individual’s daily life. Moreover, abuse on drugs can alter an individual’s brain chemistry resulting into an increase dependency on drugs for everyday survival of the individual drug user.
Drugs can also result into various behavioral problems to an individual including hallucinations, impaired judgment, and loss of an individual’s self-control. The individual might also become highly aggressive towards those people near them with paranoia thoughts of thinking ill about every situation. Moreover, drugs may result into an individual becoming untidy due to refusal to take a bath. Most drug users spend many days without even thinking of taking a bath thus resulting into highest levels of un-comfort to those people around the victim. Other drugs users may suffer from mental illnesses including schizophrenia and they may start roaming the streets with the highest levels of insanity (Edelfield and Moosa 199). In addition, drugs use may result into individuals losing their jobs, and engaging in crime to sustain their daily drug use. They may engage in violence including domestic violence resulting breakage of families. Such drug use may also lower the productivity of individuals with some of them becoming impotent with an inability to reproduce.
Work Cited
Edelfield, Bruce and Tracey J Moosa. Drug abuse. New York: Rosen Pub., 2012.
Drug testing in the workplace
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Drug testing in the workplace
Drug testing is a controversial topic in several work places today. However, I strongly belief that this should not be the case because if the program is well planned and organized is likely to benefit both the employer and the employees. Drug testing is likely to assist in reducing the number of work place accident which can result to serious physical injuries to the employees and great losses to the workers. According to United State of Labor employees who get involved in work place accident are mainly those under the influence of some drugs. Therefore, reducing drug abuse cases among the employees, work place accidents will also reduce significantly hence making work places safer for the entire team. In addition, most employers do place employees found to be abusing drugs in a recovery program. By doing this, I believe that both the employee and the employer will greatly benefit after the recovery of these employee. This is because the employers will not have to incur additional costs in recruiting training and orientating a new employee. Instead the employee will be safe and fit to continue working without also having to retire and suffer other challenges associated with drug abuse (Ruiz & Millman, 2005).
Even though I do belief drug testing in the work place is a safe and good program that can assist the entire company, there are still multiple employees who feel that the program should be abolished. Those against the program argue that drug testing by an employer is violation to employees’ privacy right. Employers who employ the right personnel do not need to continue and carry out tests in the future. It is also argued that employers do not need to monitor employee activities outside the working relationship and doing so is pure intrusion and exploitation. In most cases employee who do not embrace the program tend to have a negative attitude toward the employer and this is likely to interfere with their performance at the work place (Brownlie, 2003). Further, counter arguments also include the fact that employees are likely to sue the employer for violation of their rights by insisting on a drug testing exercise. Even so, the strengths of the exercise are strong enough to counter these problems.
From a personal point of view, employees who strongly oppose the program have something to hind and therefore the company should consider them as less loyal to the company and likely to be less productive even if the drug testing program is abolished. The employer should also strive to reduce or stop legal cases that may arise if the employees sue the company or the employer. This can be done by ensuring a clear and well structured policy is prepared and signed by employees before the testing exercise begin. If the employees do sue the company or the employer, the company is likely to wait a lot of time in the court hearings and well as resources that will be needed to hire an advocate (The privacy Commissioner of Canada (1990). However, when the program is well organized, employees fully informed on issues relating to the testing, what will be tested and the necessity of the testing, the company can afford to go ahead and carry out the testing exercise. I would also like to state that if a company rejects the testing exercise due to the fear that employees might sue the company and incur a lot of expenses, the company is likely to incur the same when work accident become common and employee performance decline due to drug influence.
Works Cited
Brownlie, Ian Principles of Public International Law (6th ed.). OUP. 2003
In his article Brownlie states that there is no specific law that focuses on drug testing in the workplace. However, he states that there is a legal guide that deals with this topic. There are many factors that encourage employees to be tested and they include: type of industry, existence of potential health and safety risk, privacy considerations and provisions in the employment agreement
Ruiz Joyce & Millman, Robert Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook (4th ed.).Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005
The authors focus on the benefits and problems with drug testing in the work place. the practice is good and can assist in reducing labor challenges in many ways especially those related to work related accident. However, the practice can only achieve good result is the applicants or employees are involved in the planning stage of the process. This means that applicants should be informed in advance or as early as employment time. Factors such as similar testing process for all employees and ensuring the tests are administered by a laboratory certified by the state should also be considered.
The privacy Commissioner of Canada. Drug testing and Privacy. Ministry of Supply andServices Canada: Ottawa, Ontario. 1990. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.priv.gc.ca/information/02_05_12_e.pdf” http://www.priv.gc.ca/information/02_05_12_e.pdf
The article is quite healthful to the concerns of human rights and their association to social, political and social issues. The author further discusses the relationship between drug testing and privacy by pointing out the issues that relate the two topics. In most cases the topics are related in terms of the testing process in terms of the variables of justification and the circumstances of testing. The article concludes that though there is not law privacy laws preventing drug testing, the process is justified if it complies with the government testing policies with privacy act.
Drug Reaction in the Body
Drug Reaction in the Body
Author
Institution
Introduction
Recent times have seen a tremendous increase in substance use and abuse. It is worth noting that there exists some variations as to the magnitude of abuse depending on the drug. However, studies show that prescription drugs are some of the most highly abused drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). These findings may be attributed to the fact that prescription drugs are more accessible than nonprescription drugs. One of the most abused substances is cocaine, which is mainly accessible as a nonprescription drug. Cocaine refers to a strongly addictive stimulant drug that comes in powdery form, which may be administered through smoking, injecting or snorting . The drug also goes by the street name crack, thanks to the cracking sound that it produces when it is heated. As much as there are variations as to the speed of addictiveness depending on the administration method, it is worth noting that the three administration methods may result in addiction, as well as other health complications including HIV.
The duration and intensity of the drug’s effects depends on the administration method. The intensity of the high increases with the speed with which the drug has been absorbed into an individual’s bloodstream and carried to the brain. Taking the drug through injection produces a stronger and quicker high than smoking and snorting. However, the higher the speed of absorption, the shorter the action duration. This means that an individual who consumes cocaine through injection may experience the high for a shorter duration than an individual who snots. In essence, he would have to take the drug after a short time. This gives way for binge smoking, where an individual would consume the drug after every few seconds.
Even more worrying, however, is the reaction of cocaine in the body. The drug is known to be a strong central nervous system stimulant, which increases the dopamine levels in the reward circuit of the brain. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is associated with movement and pleasure. In normal circumstances, neurons release dopamine in response to pleasurable signals, after which the dopamine would be recycled to the brain’s neurons thereby hindering signals between the neurons (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). However, cocaine prevents the recycle of dopamine resulting in a buildup of neurotransmitters. This amplifies the communication between neurons, which disrupts normal communication. This is what produces euphoric effects. When used repeatedly, cocaine causes permanent alterations in the reward system, as well as other systems of the brain, which leads to addiction. Continued use of cocaine leads to buildup of tolerance, in which case every subsequent dose of cocaine comes with less effectiveness than the previous dose.
Cocaine use comes with a number of effects on the health of the individual. These include an increase in blood pressure, the heart rate, and body temperature, as well as constriction of blood vessels, as well as dilation of pupils (Fraser, et al, 1999). In addition, it may cause gastrointestinal complications, decrease in appetite, headaches. Some effects are related to the method in which the drug was administered (Fraser, et al, 1999). For example, snorting may cause nosebleeds, loss of sense of smell, hoarseness and swallowing problems, as well as chronically runny nose. Some of the severe effects of abusing cocaine include heart attack, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular emergencies or even sudden death.
In conclusion, cocaine’s action time depends on the administration method. Nevertheless, it affects an individual by interfering by his neurotransmission, which may lead to addiction in the long term. Some effects include runny nose, loss of appetite and variation in blood pressure, as well as severe effects such as heart attacks or even death.
References
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug facts: Cocaine. Web 2010, retrieved 8th June 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine” http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine
Fraser RS, Müller NL, Colman N, & Paré PD (1999). Diagnosis of diseases of the chest: Drugs. Philadelphia: Saunders
(National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010) (Fraser, et al, 1999)