Recent orders
Gun Control Laws
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Gun Control Laws
The record number of firearm related deaths in the country is on a record high standing at 39,773 deaths by 2018 from Data provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (O’Brien, et al.). This number was divided between suicides with the highest toll at 23,854, 14,542 homicides and about 500 deaths resulting from illegal interventions such as unlawful shooting from the police. For this reason supporters of gun control have become more vocal in their call for tightening gun control laws to reduce the scale of firearms in the nation and their circulation. The United States has the highest incidence of gun violence or gun related deaths among 22 other developed nations. For this reason this paper argues that gun control is necessary and not a hindrance to the liberty of gun owners.
The right to bear firearms is protected by the second amendment and is translated to mean the general population, which was viewed as part of the militia when the law was made (Aronow & Miller). Proponents of gun control argue that when these laws were made when the nation was morphing into what it is today, each state had militias which were made up of ordinary citizens. The amendment regulated these militias subject to the requirements concerning issue such as paramilitary exercise from time to time and training. This was necessary because the states feared that the federal government would use force to bend the will of the states to suit its agenda, and this is why the authors of the second amendment included the right to bear arms. Using this explanation, the paper argues that, for modern times, the Amendment refers to the state’s right to arm its own military forces such as National Guard units.
The second amendment is of course a guarantee for individuals to bear arms. Colonial laws required every male to bear arms in case of military emergencies. By guaranteeing arms for each male, it also guaranteed rights for the militia. The term the “right of the people” according to proponents of gun control as written in the Second Amendment has the same meaning as it does in the 1st Amendment, where each individual has the freedom of religion and that of assembly.
The second Amendment does not guarantee unchallenged rights to won guns. In a 2008 decision by the Supreme Court in District of Columbia et al. v. Heller, the majority opinion was that the right protected by the Second Amendment is not unlimited. Felons and the mentally ill for example must be prohibited from possessing the firearms and the carrying of firearms in sensitive areas such as learning institutions, or prohibitions of commercial sales of guns. the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in June of 2016 ruled that the right to carry a concealed firearm in crowded places has never been protected by the second amendment. This ruling upheld laws in California that defined the permitting process for carrying concealed weapons in the state. Over 1,000 court cases or government activity has violated the Second Amendment as interpreted by those against gun control laws (Spitzer). This indicates how the literal interpretation of the Second Amendment does not stand in the modern world.
More gun control would reduce gun-related deaths. There is about half a million deaths from gun violence each year and by 1999 guns were the leading cause of death in the country. The issue escalated when guns were also found to be the second leading cause of death among children (Tashiro, et al.). For this reason, there are no biases in concluding that, the legal purchase of firearms possess a long-lasting risk of death. The implementation of universal federal background checks was one way of reducing firearms deaths by over 50 percent and background checks on the purchase of ammunition is projected to reduce gun related deaths by over 80 percent and requirements for gun identification could reduce deaths by a similar percentage. Gun laws have a direct effect on the reduction of firearm homicides by a rate of 14 percent, and a rise in the number of gun homicides was recorded in areas that had right-to-carry and stand-your ground-laws
Works Cited
Aronow, Peter M., and Benjamin T. Miller. “Policy misperceptions and support for gun control legislation.” The Lancet 387.10015 (2016): 223.
O’Brien, Kerry, et al. “Racism, gun ownership and gun control: Biased attitudes in US whites may influence policy decisions.” PloS one 8.10 (2013).
Spitzer, Robert J. Politics of gun control. Routledge, 2015.
Tashiro, Jun, et al. “The effect of gun control laws on hospital admissions for children in the United States.” Journal of trauma and acute care surgery 81.4 (2016): S54-S60.
Alan Bryman, Duncan Cramer. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 14
Alan Bryman, Duncan Cramer. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 14, 15; 16: A Guide for Social Scientists. 1 edition, Routledge, (2008). 381 pp., Paperback, Language: English.
Introduction
For the last 25 years the banking industry has very fast evolved to become one of the leading industries in the world. The frequent checks being written and the many officials charged with the duties of performing money transfers are no longer there. What is remaining is a group of employees mainly IT experts who assist the banks monitor and install technologies that can do what the bank officers could do. Most of the traditional banking jobs have been replaced by money management and electronic money transfers. The changes that have been caused by online banking are enormous for example online money systems are used for payment of online, management sites.
Hypothesis
There are great impact online banking has had on financial institutions specifically Barclays and Santander banks, the customers and employees. As a result of this innovation there have been many benefits that came and that is the core objective of this paper to examine these benefits and the challenges or disadvantages that came with the technology.
There is clear productivity growth become even more noticeable in these banks especially from the year 2000 but at the same time with an increase of online banking services came and an increase of issues related to online banking.
Investments in is slowly but surely substituting the labor these banks use.
Conclusion
The impact of ICT o n the market structure and the safety of this technology on the bank and its customers is also be examined in the paper. All these started in the early 1980’s when the online banking was first introduced as home banking system. It was very much reliant on phone lines, most of this developments too k place specifically in the US New York to be specific. It was mainly started by city bank and chase bank together with three other financial institution that are nor popular in the US. Many of these issues have been overcome with time but up to date Barclays and Santander banks among others in the sector are still struggling with some of those challenges. The trend however is promising because the statistics show them to as time goes by moiré and more of these electronic obstacles are overcame.
Gun Control in America
Gun Control in America
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Why Gun Control Has Been Difficult to Pass in America and What This Says About the Policy Process
In 2019, the US gun-related mortality rate per 100,000 was 3.96, which was 100 times that of the United Kingdom, where there are higher restrictions for the general public on access to guns (Cahn, 2022). Thus, there is evidence showing that many Americans die from a lack of gun control. Despite this fact, the US government has not succeeded in regulating the use and possession of firearms (Hickenlooper, 2019). This discussion post addresses why gun control has been difficult to pass in the US and uncovers what this says about the policy process.
The main reason why gun control has been difficult to pass in the US is because it violates the second amendment, which accords Americans the right to bear arms (Merry, 2016; Vizzard, 1995). For many years, the US Supreme Court has viewed the constitutional right to possess arms as one’s right to self-defense, which has made it very difficult for Congress to control firearms. Tony Fabian, who served as the president of the Colorado State Shooting Association (CSSA), an organization that protested against gun control, claimed that bills on gun control directly attacked the constitutional right to possess arms (Hickenlooper, 2019). The second amendment allows interpretation, especially when ‘proper and necessary and an ‘elastic’ constitutional clause is factored in. The clause gives Congress the power to enact laws that reflect the new challenges, unforeseen circumstances, and changing times. This stipulation became a crucial part of the American democracy, posing a problem when it comes to laws regarding gun control because both sides of the issue claim that the constitution supports their interpretation of this amendment. Thus, unclear guidance on the right to possess firearms by the second amendment adds confusion resulting in further debates.
The fact that passing bills and laws that support gun control in America violate the Second Amendment implies that the policy process in America is ineffective and needs to be revised to avoid the enactment of policies that contract each other.
References
Cahn, L. (2022). Why Is It So Hard to Stop Gun Violence in America?. Reader’s Digest. Retrieved 10 June 2022, from https://www.rd.com/article/gun-violence-in-america/.
Hickenlooper, J. (2019). Gun control case study: A mass shooting, significant reforms, and political backlash. NBC News. Retrieved 10 June 2022, from https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/gun-control-case-study-mass-shooting-major-reforms-then-political-n991096.
Merry, M. K. (2016). Constructing policy narratives in 140 characters or less: The case of gun policy organizations. Policy Studies Journal, 44(4), 373-395.
Vizzard, W. (1995). The Impact of Agenda Conflict on Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Gun Control. Public Administration Review, 341-347.