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Non-truth Telling News
Non-truth Telling News
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Non-truth Telling News
The Media today is under the influence of the affluent and powerful group in the society and they are charged with the responsibility of dictating how operations should be run and the kind of information to be disseminated to the people. The truth is defined has having three dimensions and the news is mostly one-dimensional depending with the sensitivity of the matter at hand. Some fields the news is vast and complex and in this case it makes it extremely difficult for the media house to communicate to the public what really happened. The one notable negative aspect of the present day media is the deterioration of professional media and the responsibility of journalism is not considered resulting in the dissemination of news where some information or truth is withheld CITATION Pro18 l 1033 (Probueka, 2018). The main purpose of media messages today is no longer passing of reliable knowledge and a deep reflection but the stimulation of the most preferred emotions especially from the specific target audience. The essay demonstrates how the media is manipulating individuals by not being truthful and the detrimental consequences of their very decisions. The discussion is supported by specific stories that demonstrate how manipulative and how the media may at times exempt some parts in a story.
CNN on Trump Allies Link to Russia
In 2016 during the presidential campaign, CNN were victims of reports that a close ally of president Trump Anthony Scramucci had meetings with people who were close to President Putin. What the article was implying was that during the campaign, Trump may have used his allies to try and get help on Russia in Running a campaign that would lead to him winning the election in his favor. Later on however, CNN had to pull down the post and wrote an apology. The news journalist who also had written the piece resigned voluntarily yet they were among a recently formed task force on the investigative team that would be in charge of the CNN investigations (Sampathkumar, 2017). The news article had already caused tension with people from the Left accusing people from the right of trying to sabotage the election. CNN stated that the article had been uploaded without it following the important steps that were necessary.
Pizzeria Theory
2016 was a period that was filled with false news and a lot of misinformation. Days just before the presidential election was to take place, people walk up to the news that leaders from the Democratic party were running a child trafficking ring and was being aided by two restaurant DC, Comet and Pizzagate. This was after Mr. John Podesta’s email who was Hillary Clintons chief campaign was hacked and according to news source there was a decoded message they were working with James Alefantis who was owner of Comet in child abuse (Kang, 2016). When the mews broke out high profile officials from Republican party helped in spreading of the propaganda including Presidents Trump son. This caused a lot of reaction that a gunman walked in to DC, Comet with a rifle and opened fire, luckily no one was injured. The case shows how unsubstantiated news report could cause harm in a couple of minutes. Mr. Alefantis who was a Democratic supporter and his 40 employees had become caught up in a storm of fake news that even some main media houses were running.
Washington Post and Whitehouse Claims on Iraq weapons
Washington Post in August 2004 admitted to underplaying skepticism when they were reporting on the White House statement on Iraq weapons of mass destruction. The White House pronouncement by Colin Powell stated that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction and most news sources did not do their research but instead created a post that seemed to favor the war. For the Washington Post, the White House pronouncement covered the front page as if the news were true only for the statements to be later found to be erroneous. The Post in its part took blame that it covered more news on why the war was needed as compared to those of the people who were against the war (Gary, 2004). Media has been known at times to favor what the government says especially if it involves information from the Middle East or Africa. Open they will run with what their government states instead of first doing a fact checking.
Martha Stewart plays a critical role as her thoughts on keeping and maintaining high standards can be appropriately borrowed by the press. The standards to which we hold Martha Stewart is not the same standards media is held to. When Martha Stewart was reported to have committed the crime all medias ran the story with panels in various newsroom discussing of her crime and what years she would likely to face. This is what celebrities go through, when it is purported that they have committed a crime all news sources will run the story on how guilty he is likely to be. However, for news sources, when mistakes are made, there are no headlines on these mistakes. What most do is that they offer an apology to the offended party and then pull down the post. This is despite the fact that they may have cause harm to the public by printing of information that was not truthful. The public do not seem to judge as harshly the news article that report the fake news as they do to celebrities such as Martha Stewart. In journalism however, the standards to be maintained in this case are the code of ethics that govern the journalism profession. The ethics include; accountability, truthfulness, honesty and excellence in performance of duties and responsibilities.
The line between falsehood and truth has been blur long enough and it has shaped the attitude of the society at large. The mass media has a responsibility to always give the right information to the general public. In this environment where the press is tactful and is in a symbiotic relationship with the government, the public has not failed to note that the press isn’t performing its duties as it should. The philosophies of Aristotle and Plato on the principle of virtue have been of great importance as they apply in the analysis of the performance of the press. The philosophers emphasized on the virtues of mind, character and sense of honesty. If the virtues are applied in the press, then there will be a definite satisfaction and manipulation of the general public will not be there and hence the press will perform its duties effectively satisfying the people that they serve.
References
Kang, C. (2016, November 22). Fake News Onslaught Targets Pizzeria as Nest of Child-Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/technology/fact-check-this-pizzeria-is-not-a-child-trafficking-site.html
Sampathkumar M. (2017, June 26). CNN forced to delete false Trump-Russia story. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/cnn-trump-russia-story-deleted-retraction-anthony-scaramucci-money-apology-a7809521.html
Younge, G. (2004, August 13). Washington Post apologizes for underplaying WMD skepticism. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/13/pressandpublishing.usa#maincontent
References.
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Probueka, D. (2018). Truth and Lies in journalism: A dispute concerning the accurate presentation of information. Sciendo, 81-89.
Sutherland, A. (2012). News and The Whole Truth. The Atlantic.
Vanderwicken, P. (2015). Why the News is Not the Truth. Havard Business Review.
Zakhem, A. J. (2017). Honesty and Intergruty in Business. Springer, 1037-1046.
Non-Traditional Families The Fosters
Non-Traditional Families: The Fosters
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Family relationships are some of the most intricate and important interactions that humans have with each other. Although all families go through rough patches, they are held together by love, respect and acceptance of each other. Through the years, the definition of family has evolved to many other forms aside from heterosexual couples with children. These non-traditional families have become widely normalized and accepted as media broadcast them. Examples of nontraditional families and relationships are depicted on the popular ABC TV series, ‘The Fosters.’
The relationship between Lena Adams and Stef foster is the focal point of the story. The same-sex couple is raising five children together. Their relationship is shown to be a stable, loving and trusting one, though not without challenges. Stef was previously married to Mike Foster, with whom she shares a 16 year old son, Brandon. Stef was unhappy in her relationship with Mike, and they got divorced. Stef and Lena met and fell in love. Most of their family are accepting of their relationship, although they face some stigma for being a same-sex couple and parents. Stef and Lena work hard to be open with one another and with their children. Raising children in a same-sex parent home can be challenging (Di Battista et al., 2020), as one of their children says they never asked for two moms. However, Stef and Lena are dedicated, loving parents to their children.
Lena and Stef go through rough patches like any other couple but put a lot of effort into communication. They express their insecurities to each other, making their relationship stronger. An example of this is when Lena tells Stef that she wants to have a biological child. Lena says that everyone in their home is related to at least one person by blood, but she has no blood relation. She gets pregnant but suffers a miscarriage. In the end, she accepts that family is defined by love. Stef remains supportive of Lena through this journey. Lena also understands and encourages Stef when the latter opens up about past struggles with her sexuality. Overall, the pair have a healthy relationship.
Another complex relationship in the series ‘The Fosters’ is the relationship between Mike, Stef and Stef’s new family. The two were previously married and share a son, Brandon. The two have to coparent their son, further complicated by Lena as a stepmother. The three parents have to work together to coparent their son, each with different parenting styles. The parents have to work to accommodate each other’s style (Andrade, & van Eeden, 2019). Brandon, just like any teen, goes through challenges in his romantic relationships, relationships with his siblings However, his parents are always there for him through it. The relationship between Brandon and his parents is characterized by love, respect and support from both sides.
Brandon is the oldest child and is a good son by all accounts. He seeks his parents’ advice on major issues in his life. During his early years, he is an open child who is very close with his parents. However, as he grows older, he struggles with being open especially when he is ashamed of his choices. Luckily, his parents remain understanding and supportive even though they might not be happy with his choices. When Brandon and his foster sister Callie develop romantic feelings for each other, his parents are very angry. They get a restraining order keeping him from going near Callie while she is at a group home awaiting adoption (Freeman, 2014). The phase passes and the two become close siblings. His parents remained strict with him, which worked out for them as they got to adopt Callie into their family.
Despite living in a separate household, Brandon and his dad, Mike, are very close. Brandon turns to his dad during times of crisis in both minor and major issues. One impressive characteristic of the relationship with Mike is that Mike always makes sure to discuss any issue about Brandon with Stef, meaning they remain on the same page. Mike respects the fact that the two of them have to agree on what is best for their son, and Stef makes sure to include Lena so that she never feels left out. Mike is also a close friend of the whole family, stepping in whenever any of them needs help. In the morning before Brandon gets married, his dad is there to advise him at one of the most important times of his life. The two share an admirable bond. Brandon handles the situation with his parents and Lena quite maturely, and the three parents hardly ever fight as they remain on the same page.
‘The Fosters’ is an interesting and eye-opening story into the intricacies of blended families and same-sex marriage. Lena and Stef share an admirable bond, both in their romantic relationship and their relationships with their children. These relationships are characterized by love, openness, acceptance and tolerance for each other. As a result, the children grow into well-balanced, responsible individuals. Stef and Lena work hard into creating a loving home for their children while enforcing necessary boundaries and discipline for all of them. The TV series shows that nontraditional families are just like any other, and that they go through good and bad times like any other family. The show also shows audiences that nontraditional families should be normalized and accepted. There is still some stigma on children who come from nontraditional families (Ioverno et al., 2020). This should not happen as all individuals deserve love and respect regardless of their background. ‘The Fosters’ does an excellent job representing nontraditional families on TV.
References
Andrade, G., & van Eeden‐Moorefield, B. (2019). Stepparents and Blended Families. The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development, 1-10.
Di Battista, S., Paolini, D., & Pivetti, M. (2020). Attitudes toward same-sex parents: Examining the antecedents of parenting ability evaluation. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 17(3), 273-291.
Freeman, C. (2014). Peter Paige and the making of ‘The Fosters.’ The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide, 21(3), 38-40.Ioverno, S., Carone, N., Lingiardi, V., Nardelli, N., Pagone, P., Pistella, J., … & Baiocco, R. (2018). Assessing prejudice toward two-father parenting and two-mother parenting: The beliefs on same-sex parenting scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(4-5), 654-665.
Nonparametric Methods Case scenario
Nonparametric Methods/ Case scenario
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Part I: Nonparametric Methods
Sign test
A sign test is a nonparametric method used in statistics for comparison of a single sample with a hypothesized value. The test is commonly used in situations where a paired t-test is traditionally applied. In the study, a sample of n patients is used in determining the preference for central nervous system saturation. The main objective of conducting the test was to determine whether a difference in preferences between the central nervous system saturation and the time of oxygen admission existed. Sign test was explored in paired data whereby central nervous system saturation data from ten patients was collected on admission and 6 hours after admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A plus and a minus sign were used to record the preference data. The plus sign was used when the difference between the time of admission and 6 hours after admission was positive while the minus sign was used when the difference was negative (Walley, 2011).
On the other hand, the sign test is commonly used where the researcher had initially placed study hypotheses. From the study, the null hypotheses suggested that there could be no effect of 6 hours of ICU treatment on central venous oxygen saturation treatment. The null hypotheses suggested that the difference between the time of admission and time after 6 hours would be zero. The sign test method used was to achieve 50% of the differences below zero (negative) and the other 50% above zero (positive). The results indicated otherwise because only 2 differences recorded a minus sign and this led to a 0.11 probability of occurrence in case the null hypothesis was true. From the normal distribution table, the P value of 0.02 was observed from the paired t-test conducted. The two tests provided different results that concluded that, for sign test the differences should be independent of one another while for t-test the differences should follow a normal distribution (Mendenhall & Beaver, 2003).
Part II: Cancer Case Scenario
Various regression and correlation constructs were used in the scenario. Firstly, the study used P-value and r-value for hypotheses test and correlation of coefficient respectively. The following correlation values used to find the relationship between variables by determining the preference of the results observed. In addition, the correlations determined the association between the measure of adiposity (BMI, WHR) and serum estradiol. To determine the relationship between various variable, an X-Y graph should be constructed. These forms the regression constructs of the study. The linear regression of (Y, X) is equivalent to (r2, P).
In analyzing the cancer case scenario, the sign test would be the most appropriate followed by the hypothesis test (the t-test). To start with, I would get the difference between BMI and serum estradiol values from the excel sheet to determine the data preference. Using a null hypothesis that states that, there is a crude association between the two measure of adiposity (BMI and WHR) and serum estradiol. If more than 50% of total people tested show negative results, the null hypothesis is true. From table 1, the positive signs exceeded the negative signs showing that the null hypothesis is false. This indicates a crude association between either measure of adiposity (BMI, WHR) and serum estradiol. The following method is recommendable because it avoids complex calculations and easily arrives at the answer. Secondly, I would carry out a t-test to determine P-values and r-values. The following constructs will be used because the study compares only two variables at a time. Only 49 out of 151 samples tested had negative nalues. This is a probability of (49/151) = 0.3245. Thus; P = 0.3425. From the normal distribution table, r = 0.633 (Ahsanullah & Nevzorov, 2013). The following results show aa lack of correlation between the measure of adiposity and serum estradiol.
References
Ahsanullah, M., & Nevzorov, V. B. (2013). An introduction to order statistics. Amsterdam:
Atlantis Press.
Mendenhall, W., & Beaver, R. J. (2003). Introduction to probability and statistics (11th ed.).
Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
Walley, K. R. (2011). “Use of central venous oxygen saturation to guide therapy”, Critical Care
Research Laboratories. Vol. 184, No. 5.