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Deconstruct an image and tell more about what the artist failed to bring out clearly
Deconstruct an image and tell more about what the artist failed to bring out clearly
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Deconstruction refers to a technique which brings into a discussion what the same discussion expels in its formation. Deconstruction generally helps us to have an understanding of a text through identifying its dependency on what is excluded. This means that deconstruction is used to provide more information about information that is not clear in a text. This paper seeks to deconstruct an image and tell more about what the artist failed to bring out clearly. In this case, the paper will focus on Newcastle and Gateshead. The main aim is to deconstruct the scene of the Newcastle and Gateshead which was viewed from the rope works on the Newcastle bank of the River Tyne. This is a drawing which was taken from a distance and the artist drew what was seen from that particular point. In this case, there are some details which were omitted because the clarity was not attained.
As the drawing is constructed in relation to a long distance, it is clear that some features can be seen but it is not clear what they represent. The picture is drawn being viewed from rope works. This means that many features are expected because within this region there are various activities that take place. This is not the case because the artist does not show everything. There is information which is omitted which makes the viewer not to have a clear understanding of what the artist is trying to put across. There is an old stone Tyne Bridge which is seen at a distance. It is not clearly drawn as it is seen from afar. This gives a clear impression that the artist would have done something more to make certain that the bridge is seen as one (Norris, 2002, 112). To effectively do this, naming can be done on the drawing to show all features by names. Since the bridge is seen from afar, denoting it by name will help the viewer know exactly what the feature is. This ought to be done because viewers are different sighted. Labeling the drawing would be advisable because every viewer would then be able to notice it.
The artist also shows a church which is on the left at the top part of the hill. This church is St. Mary’s Gateshead. There is smoke seen billowing from the Windmills Hill. The artist in this case has not clearly shown what it is that is producing smoke. This becomes quite hard for the viewer to understand the drawing (Royle, 2000, 213). It is hard to understand what the viewer is trying to put across. There are a few buildings seen at the scene. It is not therefore clear if the smoke is really originating from the buildings or elsewhere. The artist ought to have clearly separated the buildings from the smoke or shown the origin of the smoke for clarity. This is meant to make the viewer have a clear view to avoid confusion. A paddle steamer is also in the centre of the river. This is quite hard as a viewer who does not have knowledge of the place is not able to understand the feature (Parker, 1969, 12). They are a bit mixed up making it hard to understand what the artist is trying to put across. In this case, the artist should have used order to avoid confusion. Arranging them in an understandable manner also helps them to produce neat work which is attractive to the eye. All artists should have in mind that clarity of work does not only benefit the viewers but also benefits them because they get to market their products and make more sales hence earn more as their goal is to earn more.
References
Norris, C. (2002). Deconstruction: theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Parker, H. P. (1969). Henry Perlee Parker Exhibition. New Bridge Street: Laing Art Gallery.
Royle, N. (2000). Deconstructions: A User’s Guide. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Decision Support Systems
1. Identify the problem the DSS will help decision makers solve
Implementation of the Decision Support Systems in running of organizational management needs will target specific problems in order to increase efficiency and eliminate poor performance. The most important elements of the DSS that every management setting aims to achieve are mainly driven by the need to remain vigilant on quality service delivery as well as cost benefit analysis results. While profitability may not be a reason good enough to facilitate appropriate performance reviews, certain industries must represent quality service delivery in their effective decision making processes. One of such industries is the healthcare industry whose sensitive interaction with human life dictates focus on quality ahead of profitability (Malhotra, 1989). It is imperative therefore that the effective DSS in such industries include some of the most important healthcare issues on the system blueprint to assist in tackling both quality and profitability in a single agenda. Patients’ needs are important in the system as human resource needs encompassed under the DSS. Some of the problems that will be targeted in the designed DSS will include various departmental issues that need management input in different respects such as;
Management of patients’ health records in terms of entry and retrieval
Provide an efficient patient progress tracking procedures
Consolidation of various facilities under the institution’s capacity for enhancement and elimination of idle capacity
Following up specific patient care through real time caregiver’s activities tracking systems
Collection of patients’ satisfaction scores for application in performance enhancement through efficient customer experience backed service delivery reviews
Assist in control and management of staffing needs through staff monitoring data
Drugs and equipment procurement management systems
Facility administration and related allocation and delegation of responsibilities to track performance
Human resource monitoring, performance appraisal and motivation management
2. Build: Describe the major steps in developing the DSS and define the various types of testing the DSS will need before implementing the prototype
Development
Initial stages of the building process of a customized DSS will involve the internalization of the organization needs and outline in the basic structure. This will include determining the needs of the organizational decision making process and integrate them in the structural component of the DSS. The organizational and management structural designs will be dissected for integration in the DSS structural design to make it compatible with the computer based system. Various management areas that require focus and input through the decision making highlight will be pointed out and roles attached for enhancement through DSS (Dahm and Wadensten, 2008). Functional units of the entire organization will also be pointed out for easier monitoring via the computer system.
Using this functional and structural integration, it will be easy for the DSS to pick up various decisions making needs and prompt the management to act on a number of options that the system has. This will be the case for patient care processes, employees monitoring and welfare needs as well as the facility control and management decision making inputs. Connecting all the decision making needs to a central detection system will facilitate the building phase to be completed.
Testing
Testing the workability of the DSS will include various phases of implementation to avoid a system failure or clash disabling the operations of the entire organization. The three basic areas of input will be implemented and tested differently while the current management systems are still in place. Once the desired results are received, the new system will be full implemented and the ineffective system laid aside. Performance efficiency in coverage of the important input areas will be compared between the current system and the new DSS application.
Buy: Define the type of DSS you will buy and describe the major steps and criteria you will use in selecting the DSS vendor and software
Type
The Horizon Expert system will be implemented as it befits the healthcare system as observed by McKesson (2007). Horizon Expert DSS application is a management program that enables the management of the healthcare facility needs with a side range of specificity and optimization opportunities. Some of the most important data sources that enable the implementation of Horizon Expert cover patient care needs, employee management as well as various facility monitoring and control needs making it an important tool in healthcare.
Selection Criteria
When determining the DSS vendor and type for buying, it was important to consider the cost element and the quality of the product with an aim of determining the best package in the market. Besides the quality and cost, the implementation aspects, ease of operation as well as compatibility with the organizational setting became very instrumental in the purchasing process. Based on the internal needs that need to be included in the decision making framework, it was inevitable to include the most important targets list that the effective DSS must cover. It came out clear that the Horizon Expert is better than most other healthcare DSS packages that the market had.
3. Describe the user and management involvement in the implementation approach, goal development and implementation and evaluation planning and how you will obtain management and user “buy-in?”
Implementation Approach
In order for the DSS package to meet the intended needs, both the users’ and the managements’ attention in the implementation program is irreplaceable. Cooperation and assistance from all sections of the organization are needed in the implementation of a new system that brings in changes to old ways of carrying out business. In respect to a healthcare needs that the management ought to streamline in a comprehensive management plan, the need to facilitate the appropriate understanding must be well served (Dahm and Wadensten, 2008). Some training may be needed to ensure that there is cooperation among the various stakeholders in the DSS implementation program.
Goal Development and Implementation
It is imperative that initial implementation targets are outlined in advance to enhance the realization of the desired changes. Various management levels and staff must set out their targets to be met through the DSS, to act as implementation yardsticks. Goal development regarding the implementation will need to be focused on the new management capacity created by the DSS application likely to factor in enhancements.
Evaluation
The evaluation of the DSS performance will be evaluated on the performance enhancement criteria that will focus on the changes brought in upon implementation. Since the DSS has clearly defined areas of management where input is needed in terms of enhancement, it is easy to monitor changes.
Obtaining Buy-In
Where some aspects of outsourcing are needed for the implementation of the DSS, it will be identified on the technical implementation needs against the current internal capacity. In case there are aspects of implementation that demand a buy-in arrangement, the necessary implementation outsourcing will be procured from the program supplier.
References
Dahm, M. & Wadensten, B. (2008) “Nurses’ Experiences of and Opinions about Using Standardized Care Plans in Electronic Health Records – A Questionnaire Study,” Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(16):2137-2145. <Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02377.x>
Malhotra, N. K. (1989) “Decision Support Systems for Healthcare Marketing Managers,” Journal of Healthcare Marketing, 9(2):20-28
McKesson, (2007) Making Care Planning Relevant. Retrieved from: HYPERLINK “http://www.mckesson.com/static_files/McKesson.com/MPT/Documents/Making%20Care%20Planning%20Relevant_HorizonExpertPlan_WHT259.pdf” http://www.mckesson.com/static_files/McKesson.com/MPT/Documents/Making%20Care%20Planning%20Relevant_HorizonExpertPlan_WHT259.pdf.
Decision on Expanding Medical Surgical General Unit
Question One: Decision on Expanding Medical Surgical General Unit
Situation Definition
In general medical care service provision, patients who need specialized and sensitive treatment and operation are held in a separate wing for extra care before being discharged completely. This implies that the patients for instance from the Intensive care Unit (ICU), need to extra care at the healthcare facility in a specialized wing referred to as Medical Surgical General Unit. It is important that the short duration of time is facilitated for monitoring and specialized care. The current situation is that there are more patients in need of neuro-intensive medical care than before. On the other hand, there are more medical conditions arising from failure of the intensive care treatment sooner after patients’ discharge. Failure has directly been linked to, little or lack of extra care after intensive medical services. It is a concern that urgent measures be taken to avoid intensive treatment failure.
Available Options
There are a few intervention options that can be used to correct the challenge. Due to the significance of healthcare services to the society and the nature of complications observed in neurological operations, it is important that extra caution is taken while handling the challenge. Due to the magnitude of healthcare in the society, various alternatives must be explored despite the implementation difficulties. Firstly, patients can be discharged as the current program does with an improvement in patent follow-ups instead of expanding the Medical Surgical General Unit. Alternatively, patients can be discharged with special transportation to and from their homes for specialized care. Discharge can also be followed by referral to a nearby facility that can handle Medical Surgical General Unit services better than at our current capacity. Lastly, expansion of our Medical Surgical General Unit can also be explored for possibilities.
Choice and Action
The best choice for the inadequacy in light of the circumstances is expansion of the specialized facility. This implies the current capacity in the facility needs to be enhanced to handle the increased cases. Action in form of constructing extra facility segment and space maximization will necessitate construction and procurement of extra facility equipment. This will be better than other alternatives due to the efficiency improvement in terms of cost and benefit analysis. Healthcare will also be well handled at the facility before discharge, which increases chances of recovery. However, this is on the assumption that long term costs and benefits are factored in, instead of short term analysis.
Evaluation
The expansion project must deliver the projected targets in line with healthcare objectives. This will be ensured by a comparison of current inadequate capacity with new operations under expansion. Continued failure will necessitate exploration of other options.
Question Two: Roadblocks and Overcome
There are different challenges that will act as challenges and roadblocks towards the implementation. In light of the current inadequacy at the facility, it illustrates how vulnerable the project will be to further challenges which must be confronted once and for all. The improvement plan which has adopted the expansion project will begin by highlighting the specific challenges and coming up with tenable solutions. Among the challenges, the following are perhaps the most potent and that are likely to act like roadblocks to the implementation will include the following.
Finances
Constructing a modern medical facility to take care of the medical needs of patients from intensive medication will need funding that can withstand all financial constraints in an economy faced by the current constraints. It follows that funding from the internal sources must be sought first to ascertain how far the facility is capable of facilitating the entire project. External sources will also need to be sought for purposes of ensuring internal constraints do not completely disable the project. Specialized construction attention will be ensured for neurological medical attention that the project seeks to enhance, bearing in mind that it is one of the most expensive elements of medical care.
Equipment
Besides the construction elements of the project, other costs such as equipping the facility will also be considered, posing as a challenge due to the specialized nature of neurological healthcare needs. Modern equipment might not only be difficult to find but will also be difficult to procure due to financial consideration involved. Outsourcing for best quality will be sought within fund limits.
Staffing
Staffing challenges for modern neurology facilities will find a challenge in necessary manpower and the costs of sustaining the staff needs. Current capacity will be enhanced by making additions and training within reasonable limits.
Maintenance
The initial phase of maintenance of the equipment might be easy to be factored in the installation program, but future operation issues will be uncertain until extra planning is ensured.
Technology
There will be a special necessity of specialized equipment and technology for the specialized care to capture the missing link between treatment and full recovery. Extra technology costs will be factored in the budget to cater for the gap in terms searching for the best