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Darwin, Descent of Man
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Darwin, Descent of Man
In the third chapter, Charles Darwin talks about the differences between lower animals and human beings, who have mental powers. According to him, there is a huge difference between savages, which are known to be lowly, as well as apes that belong to a high class. The latter and the former, both exhibit certain common traits and characteristics. They include; imagination, memory, emotions, imitation, curiosity, reason as well as attention. Apart from these, humans are different and unique because they have the ability of communicating through languages, are self conscious, superstitious and they also believe in God.
The writings provided by Darwin are suggest that he was engaged in finding out about the origin of species, especially that of human beings. This is the reason why he came up with the book ‘Descent of Man’ in order to let everyone know about his findings. The major themes, which Darwin has made known include; mental powers, development of man, race and sexual selection. One is aware that in this particular reading, Darwin wanted to ensure that the moral power of human beings is evident. Furthermore, Darwin came up with the theory of the evolution of human beings in the 1800’s. During that time, most assumptions were often ignored, but not that of Darwin. This is the reason why Darwin is acclaimed as well as praised for his argument concerning the reason, which leads to the existence of human beings. He is a great and admirable originator, who deserves to be recognized. Indeed, ‘Descent of Man’ is a great asset to the world in gaining knowledge concerning human being existence theories.
Work Cited
Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. New York: Knopf, 2002. Print.
Moore, James. & Desmond, Adrian. “Introduction”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, London: Penguin Classics, 2004. Print.
Net Privacy
Net Privacy
The internet has brought mixed blessings to the people who use it. It is a fantastic information source but the relative lack of privacy has brought forth a major problem. Anyone with even little hacking knowledge can track every move that you make while using internet services and/or view private or confidential information. It is now possible for some internet sites can actually find information such as e-mail addresses or the name of the person/people viewing the site without authorisation. This problem can affect everyone who uses any internet services and ultimately can lead to very confidential information(such as credit card numbers) getting into the hands of criminals.
Internet services and facilities are now used and provided by many companies and individuals worldwide. Each web site that is visited could have the capability of finding out your name and/or e-mail address and sending junk e-mail or cataloguing this information and then selling it to other companies. The ISP that you connect to the internet also has a record of every bit of information you upload or download, and must keep records for official purposes. Any sites that ask for your credit card number for “pay by use” or restricted services could, in fact, sell or use such information for illegal purposes such as fraud.
The actual hardware requirements for using the internet are minimal, only an internet service provider(a company that allows a connection to the internet), modem(to send and receive data transmissions through a phone line), phone line(to dial up the I.S.P,) and a reasonably fast computer(to run the hardware and software) are needed to get onto the internet. This allows almost anyone with a computer to access the internet. Software is needed to browse or view the internet is a browser(such as Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer) and for e-mail services, programs such as Eudora, Netscape Navigator or MS Internet Explorer are needed to send or receive e-mail.
Nearly everyone will at some stage in their lives use the Internet. Very minimal skills are needed to use the Internet, and it allows people to access an immense amount of information at the touch of a button. All a person with a little hacking knowledge needs to do to get such information is to use a Trojan horse type program and he or she can follow you around and view the information you are uploading or downloading.
The fact that there is minimal internet privacy has led to people becoming weary of what they actually do on the internet. The people that actually provide the Internet services to uses, ISP’s, keep records for up to two months on all user data transactions. This means that someone could possibly get confidential information such as a credit card number and sell the information or use it themselves for purchasing goods or services. This has raised some concern and there have been propositions made in many governments worldwide to ensure that acts such as these are prevented from happening, but, anyone who has access to the actual server could find such information. This practice, however, could never be totally eradicated as there are already statutes in place that demand these records to be kept.
Another factor in this privacy issue are the “cookies” sent to you when viewing certain web sites. A cookie is a piece of information that is sent to you by a web site and in return, it takes a piece of information from the user. People can actually stop “cookies” from being received but it prevents vital information from being sent to them. Some times, all the cookie does is record, on the users computer, without consent, information such as the number of times that the site has been accessed by the user. More sophisticated versions can access information from the user such as e-mail addresses or the real name of the user. Such information should not be allowed to be accessed without consent and such practices should be stopped. Finally, something is being done about the practice of sending “cookies” to receive personal information such as the real name and e-mail addresses being sold to companies for the us of sending junk mail. In a recent law case in America, has filed a !
lawsuit against a company that sent him junk mail by e-mail by using “cookies” to get his information. A Virginia resident has filed suit in state court against US News & World Report, challenging the right of the magazine to sell or rent his name to another publication without his express written consent. Ram Avrahami claims that USN&WR has benefited commercially from his name, thus violating the Virginia Code which protects every person from having his/her name being used for commercial purpose without consent. The outcome of this case could set the precedent* for any such future claims and invite class actions against many companies that use the same practices.
E-mail viewing without consent is another occurrence of privacy infringement that has led to actual court cases being held to sue people and organisations. The “screening” of e-mail was a large problem before the advent of laws that prevented this from occurring. It was found that one ISP administrator in the United States of America would “get his kicks” out of reading the e-mail sent and received by users of the ISP. His unlawful actions set another precedent and since then this problem, although not altogether gone, has been greatly reduced.
A new method of gaining information used by some high level technology sites rely on the ISP of the user accessing their site. The site sends a signal to the ISP which returns information such as the country the user is from, the E-mail address of the user and in certain cases the address of the user. This information is freely available from the ISP with the right technology and allows web sites to gain information that it could rent or sell to other companies to sent traditional (snail mail) Junk Mail to the user.
With the release of Microsoft’s Windows 97®, a new era of unauthorised data retrieval has arisen. When a user with Windows 97® logs onto The Microsoft Network® the user’s computer sends information on all software actually on the user’s computer and if it has been registered with the company or not. A Microsoft® spokesperson said that it was “a bid to stop increasing software piracy”. This step really forces people to send in registration forms for any software that they own as Microsoft® can sue people who use the service without having registered products. It is a problem because many people who do by the product and not pirate it, do send in registration forms because they do not want their information used for the purpose of sending junk mail to them. It should be up to the user whether they want the registration forms sent in, not the software company’s.
The cost to many businesses that do not infringe the privacy of individuals is quite great. Many sites providing “pay for use” by credit cards services are avoided because there aren’t stricter privacy regulations. Although secure links with high level cryptography techniques have been created for “pay for use” services, there are still doubts in the minds of many people of the authenticity of such services. The benefits that increased privacy would clearly make it the only option for the internet. Increased use of credit card services and a wider band of people would be willing to visit sites and enter confidential information without any fear of misuse. It must be the future of the Internet.
Computer Privacy is a major issue and it does effect anyone who uses any internet service. Something must be done to stop the crimes committed against the privacy of people and people should be allowed to control their personal or confidential information, whether they want it freely available or not. Only through consumer pressure will the internet become more secure as has happened in America. Already people can join up to ISP’s with totally secure services with total anonymity. This must be the future of the internet.
Bibliography:
http://www.epic.org/privacy/junk_mail/
http://www.203.232.1.23/~org/~itop/priv.html
Dark Knight Movie Dialogue Analysis
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Dark Knight Movie Dialogue Analysis
Introduction
When conducting a film or movie dialogue analysis such as the Dark Knight’s, the most important thing is to evaluate the plot, the thought of the director of the movie, characters, and the general setting of the movie, in this case the Dark Knight. Fine considerations will be considered to the theme in the movie as well as the plot (Bale scene 2).
The way that the director of the move interprets the movie is to determine the conflict existing in the plot, the main concern being addressed, the setting, and the character does not follow international literal standards. However, the structure of analysis the director used is more elaborate based on the setting of the film. The film was acted based on a theme intended to unify the mindset of the audience thus, the decision the employ the structure of the plot. This defines the entire framework of the film. The director of the movie was able to divide the movie into three plots so that he could be able to articulate the attention of the audience as well as express fully information concerning the themes. I consider what the director used to design the plot of the movie as one of the best approaches used in contemporary world.
Not forgetting the methodology that the film used, the director of the movie included several theories to engulf the theme and the character plots. The film used mainstream conceptualization of information about the current crisis or problems in the world to ascertain the conclusion. The end effect of the film left the audience in suspense to knowing the step to take; either to buy the next episode or to attend the movie in a theater. The audience also anticipated much from the director hence the deployment of various literal features in the movie.
The movie used the characters to support general analysis as well the general depictions of the theme. The move argues that the vigilant justice, deems to be illegal and is also sometimes important to deal with criminal acts via extraordinary means. The unique concept that the movie shows if what many people like of the Dark Knight. Such extraordinary concepts deployed are terrorism and other violence activities that is evident in today’s society. For example, the Jokers in the movie act randomly in violence forms with less rational other than terror actions or other examples such as vigilant crimes. The Dark Knight depicts that actions like that are used to attain a political purpose; to disrupt and to create fear to the social setting.
The movie tries to compare itself with other movies such as the Spiderman whereby the character of the movie tries to live a normal life. The same case is that of Dark Knight whereby a character such as Wayne is able to shows the general public via his actions that living a normal life out of problems is a basic concept in the health and crime free living of the world. This is one of the character approaches that I like of the movie among the others. The theme of vigilant justice that the movie indicates informs that audience that any action that an individual takes into crime actions is not allowed in the social setting hence a fearful idea that ought to be addressed in contemporary movies like the Dark Knight (Bale scene 1).
Much can be said about what the characters of the movie try to inform the audience but the general information that comes out from the movie is the ideal information on crime. Robber and theft is addressed by character support but the ideal responsibility that the character should mean is not addressed in the film. The responsibility should come with other components such as how the film should offer solutions to the public on how to curb such crimes and vigilant threats like terrorism. Lack of these facts the movie failed to address is one of the things that the makes Dark knight a far-reaching movie that most people especially the aged do not see it. In conclusion, failure of the movie to offer solutions to the audience is also one the things that I dislike about the film. Since all contemporary films should offer remedies of the negative behaviors that they intend or they have shown hence the reason why various contemporary movies are in series; one episode shows the problem while the other shows the solutions.
The characters who are mandated to control general overview of theme in the movie are Joker and Bent. After the iconic scene that appeared in the warehouse whereby the firearms are seen as relief to the explosion. The literal aspect that the movie tries to depict in this case if to show how even the criminals are used as tools to signify the most important aspects about the world crime levels. The criminals scene used in the Dark Knight identifies the role that every person in the world should deploy to ensure safe and secure environment. What a like of the symbolic aspects of the movie is that it is able to address the negative and positive side of the criminals. This part of the movie as designed by the director of Dark Knight was to inform the general audience that even the worst people we consider in the world have a positive role they can play.
The movie generally used symbolic functions to express the other side of the world the most people do not expect and this is what I like of the movie among other issues. Nothing comes without a fall and the general understanding of the movie is the most significant part of the Dark knight. All the information that the director shows via the movie is very important, but the movie failed to address this. The concept of character analysis is one of the concept that the movie failed to address hence a dislike that the movie failed to bring close to the eyes of the audience. Failure to inform the audience about the information needed is a problem the movie failed to address hence digresses on my side.
The other aspect about the movie that is worth mentioning is the thoughts that Dark Knight Director opted to address. This comes with two simple questions one of them is “do the murders act crime and terrorism”. This is one of the loopholes that the film failed to fill. The thoughts brought about in the movie is what I dislike because the characters failed to address in-depth knowledge of current issues addressing the world. The thoughts they have tried to show are very simple and shallow hence cannot define other upcoming issue in the current world. The movie failed to address motives of actions to issues like philosophy in this case religion.
The determinant space that the film employed is urban, but the film is not a gangster film. The ethics and style of the movie is one of the characteristics that the movie. The movie used the urban setting to address the problems that face urban cities and towns today; however, the most disliking part of the movie is that it did not address rural setting. This is an issue that movies should address in the contemporary setting.
Conclusion
Dark Knight is a movie that brought on board all the stylistic and literal aspects expected of modern movies but failed to address other small details such as character analysis and theme definition. Generally in like the movie in terms of character, plot, thoughts and setting.
Works Cited
Dark Knight . Dir. Christopher Nolan. Perf. Christian Bale. 2008.