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The Connection between White Supremacy and Class in the United States
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The Connection between White Supremacy and Class in the United States
White supremacy refers to the ideas and beliefs that purport that white people or individuals that have natural white skin are superior over other human racial groups. In a contemporary context, the white supremacist term is employed in describing the groups that espouse fascist or racist doctrines. Noteworthy, supremacist groups are been known to use violence to attain their goals. The race is the notion that the human species is categorized into unique groups based on behavioral and physical differences. Essentially, race is any human social groups that can be categorized according to perceived similarities in physical traits. Class refers to a group of people that have the same socioeconomic status. In the United States, the white supremacy doctrine was taken for granted by social and political leaders from the 19th to mid-20th century. This essay discusses the connection between white supremacy and class in the United States.
Various events, laws and people exacerbated the racial and class divisions that existed in the early American period. One such event was the civil rights movement that advocated for social justice for people of color in the 1950s and 1960s. While the Civil War got rid of slavery, it did not put an end to unequal treatment and discrimination of people of color. Black people continued to face the devastating effects of racism, particularly in the South. By mid-20th century, people of color had endured violence and prejudice against them (Bateman, Ira, and John, 24). Black Americans alongside numerous white Americans mobilized and an unprecedented fight pushing for equality that lasted two decades.
Jim Crow laws also contributed to class and racial divisions in the early American Period. People of color had made some progress in their equality agenda after the constitution granted people of color equal protection as white people. The 15th Amendment to the constitution of 1870 gave Black Americans the right to vote. Still numerous white supremacists, moreso those in the South, were not happy that the people they once enslaved had similar rights as them (M. Beliso‐De Jesús, and Jemima, 65). They, therefore, came up with Jim Crow laws to erase the progress made during Reconstruction and keep them segregated from their white counterparts. The laws were put in place in the South towards the end of the 19th century. The Jim Crow laws ensured that people of color and white people used different public facilities. The laws also ensured that people of color could not live in the same towns or attend the same schools as their white counterparts. Furthermore, Jim Crow laws criminalized interracial marriage and made it impossible for people of color to vote without passing the voter literacy test. Despite Jim Crow laws not being adopted in the northern states, people of color experienced discrimination in their jobs or in accessing education or in attempting to purchase a house (Roediger, 42). To make the issue worse, the laws passed in some states continued to limit the voting rights of people of color. The segregation brought about by the Jim Crow laws gained ground in 1896 after the Supreme Court ruled in the Plessy v. Ferguson case that it was possible for facilities for white and black people to be separate but equal.
Undoubtedly, capitalism plays and continues to play a huge role in the development of social and class divisions in America. Individuals such as Ella Myers, J. Phillip Thompson, and Michael Dawson agree that capitalism was inextricably linked to class formation, the emergence of a separate white and black proletariat and segregation of labor markets (Liu, 349). W. E. Dubois argued that the white proletariat benefited from psychic wage and the antiblackness of the capitalist social order. Du bois’ argued that racial capitalism gave a limited democracy for white workers that were white. He posited that there are both irrational and rational aspects of white supremacy and both aspects can cause violence against black bodies. This is enough evidence that during the Jim Crow era, the relationship of people of color towards capitalism was of exploitation and property expropriation and relations.
Without a doubt, gender played an important role in white supremacy and class segregation in early America. This is because white women have been a part of the notion of white supremacy from the beginning. White women have made investments into white supremacy for a long time and they invest in this notion more than the country itself. This points to their hand in slavery economy. Although white women are viewed by historians as being bystanders to slavery brutalities, they were rather active participants. Prior to the civil war, white women had little political and economic power with the exception they could buy and sell slaves (Feagin, Hernan and Pinar 16). They used slavery as a way of increasing their wealth which was not possible to transfer to their husbands in marriage. In essence, slavery provided white women with autonomy, agency, and freedom they could not have without it, which is why they were deeply invested. Worth noting as white women never gave up on white supremacy, a matter of fact, they doubled down.
In most cases, white supremacy and racial and class divisions tend to benefit one group over the other and in most cases, white people tend to be favored than their colored counterparts. By definition, white supremacy is meant to favor white races as they are viewed as being superior to all other races. Worth noting, that white people do not have to be white supremacists to benefit from white supremacy ideologies, but yet it still shapes American society.
Works Cited
Bateman, David A., Ira Katznelson, and John S. Lapinski. Southern nation: Congress and white supremacy after reconstruction. Vol. 158. Princeton University Press, 2018.
Feagin, Joe R., Hernan Vera, and Pinar Batur. White racism: The basics. Routledge, 2020.
Liu, William Ming. “White male power and privilege: The relationship between White supremacy and social class.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 64.4 (2017): 349.
M. Beliso‐De Jesús, Aisha, and Jemima Pierre. “Anthropology of white supremacy.” American anthropologist 122.1 (2020): 65-75.
Roediger, David R. “The wages of whiteness: Race and the making of the American working class.” Class: The Anthology (2017): 41-55.
Culture Awareness North Korea
I. Introduction
A. Background and statement of purpose
1. Overview of cultural awareness
B. Scope, limitations, problems
1. Scope of the Research Paper
2. Limitations and Problems
C. Methodology, resources, definitions
II. Body
A. The parts of the problem
1. Literature, Art, music, and film
2. Architecture and city planning
B. Research, analysis, or evaluation of the problem
C. (Repeat B as needed to cover all of the points in your report.)
III. Conclusion
A. Predictions, review, solutions, generalizations, recommendations
Introduction
A. Background and Statement of Purpose
1. Overview of cultural awareness
Cultural awareness is a multifaceted, philosophy that stresses on the understanding of the way an individual’s culture may enlighten them in terms of adding value to their values, their behaviors basic assumptions and the general beliefs. Cultural awareness is a very important part of the society because it provides profound basis for communication to take place and enables us to appreciate some of the basic aspects of the society like perceptions and beliefs.
Culture awareness is an important feature in a people’s lives because without understanding of a people’s own behavioral rules and project the rules on others, misinterpretation is likely to occur. In the event that people don’t have knowledge of their culture, they tend to assume the meaning of behavior. For instance, among the Japanese, it is considered as disrespectful to look someone straight in the face.
Cultural awareness helps individuals in realizing that cultural background nare significant in shaping every individual; even though every individual has a unique background with respect to culture. These cultural backgrounds are responsible for shaping individuals’ way of interpretation of the immediate world around them, the ay they perceive themselves and how they ultimately relate to the environment and other people. This is a very important tool for people and it is essential for exploration of other people’s cultural issues in a more sensitive way.
In a similar view, exploring various aspects of cultural practices that relate to North Korea; we are in a position to augment our cultural knowledge by presenting a overview of the North Koreans’ cultural attributes and issues. However, while doing this, it is imperative that individual needs and inclinations be identified since it is unnecessary to reduce people or a person to a set of cultural norms.
This research paper thus explores the culture awareness in North Korea but bears in mind that even within the North Korean culture it is not uncommon to find that the culture across the board varies significantly with respect to beliefs, values, and peoples’ behaviors. This diversity may be caused by many other intervening factors. These factors include socio-economic background of the people, diverse life experiences that people face as well as the experience of migration. This enormous variation in the aspects that build a culture among people is an essential requirement that will help us have an in-depth understanding of the processes that bring these variations.
B. Scope, Limitations, Problems
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, various sources are consulted, which provide information to help in further understanding the cultural changes that have taken place among the people of North Korea with respect to literature, art, music and also as relates to architecture and issues to do with planning of the city. The paper makes use of primary research studies that have already been carried out to explore culture awareness on North Korea. Various databases are also consulted in order to explore the information that is relevant and has been archived. Government sites are also very important especially in understanding the scope of tourism promotion and the aspects promoted as tourism catchments for the country.
The scope of the paper is only limited to the highlighted areas with a clear understanding of the diverse nature of culture as a part of people’s lives. Thus, although culture awareness covers broad areas of the society, the narrow details of every broad aspects are beyond the scope of this paper.
This research is not a primary field research and therefore just as common with most research works of such dimension, it is limited in terms of coverage of the broad perspective of the issues that relate to culture. However, exploring the cultural changes that have taken place from time to time helps in understanding the direction of t7he cultural changes of the people and this can be done through the exploration of the above mentioned sources.
Given that culture is a people’s way of life in respect to various aspects as underscored earlier in the paper, it is a changing facet of life. Since most of the sources consulted comprise research studies already carried out, the implications of the findings of the research studies might have changed by now since the time of carrying out the studies. Secondly, culture has a significantly diverse perspective and every individual has a diverse. This means that the results and findings of this study might be limited in respect to the construct validity of the findings.
C. Methodology, resources, definitions
Given that it is expected that there are many research works that have been carried out, random selection of sources especially online databases will be used for the paper. In this respect, databases are explored through online search engines for key word like, North Korean art, history of architecture in North Korea, music and film appreciation in North Korea, migration trends in North Korea, North Korea and racial discrimination, among other relevant terms. In respect to this study, culture is understood as the peoples’ ways of life with respect to beliefs, practices, art appreciation, perceptions,
The Case of an Elementary Boy Claiming Abuse
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The Case of an Elementary Boy Claiming Abuse
In this case study, I am interviewing an 8-year-old boy who is in elementary. He lets me know that his mother has been physically abusing him at home and these incidents have taken place on more than one occasion. After informing my supervisor, she assured me she would meet with the student to further assess the situation. My supervisor insists that the boy always makes this claim to the new interns that come now and then. Because of this, I feel there is a possibility that she will not file an abuse claim with the state. On the other hand, I believe there is sufficient reason to file a report based on what the boy told me.
As an intern instructor tasked with safeguarding the boy’s well-being, my next step is to involve a third party to ensure the child gets all the help that she requires. I believe that as an instructor, my ultimate responsibility is to the child and no one else. As such, I will do all that it takes to keep him safe. The fact the boy opened up to me that his mother was abusing him physically was a cry for help. If I fail to take necessary action, I would never be at peace with myself. This is why I would be willing to go against my supervisor and talk to the school Principal or any other third party who will see to it that the state department of children is made aware of the incident so they can get to the bottom of the matter. Although going behind my supervisor’s back to report the issue to a higher authority is unprofessional, in special cases such as this, where the child’s life could be in potential danger is justifiable. I would choose to let the state department know about the child’s claim as child abuse tends to have a serious impact and can ruin the lives of families and children easily. In this case, I am only left with two options; following my supervisor’s lead and hoping that she will take the necessary action or taking the initiative and reporting the incident and abuse claims to the children’s department myself. In this case, I would decide to go with the latter. I would bring on board the principal to the elementary school to explain the situation and file a report with the state department of children. At the end of the day, teachers have a mandate to report any cases of suspected child abuse that they might run into. This means that as an instructor-intern, it is my duty to let the state department know if I have any suspicions of maltreatment.
There would be many benefits to contacting the state department of children on my own. One is that I would be helping rescue a boy that is in potential danger of even more harm. If it is true that the boy’s mother has been beating him, then this is bound to take a toll on the boy’s emotional and social well-being. The boy might be suffering in silence, and reporting the issue to the children’s services independently can help him access the help he needs. Victims of physical abuse tend to suffer emotionally, which explains the need for psychosocial support. The Children’s Department is best placed to help the boy deal with the trauma from the abuse as they have a team of qualified sociologists trained to help him overcome the ordeal. I strongly believe that contacting the children’s department is the right thing to do as they have the best available resources at their disposal to determine whether the boy is a victim of abuse and also because it is the right thing to do. Just because my supervisor says that the boy has a trend of saying his mother is harassing him to every new intern does not mean that the claim might not be true. At least, the boy’s complaint should be enough reason to investigate a matter. There is a lot of benefit in giving the boy the benefit of the doubt and believing that he is a victim of abuse.
While reporting the incident to the children services s the right thing to do, there are various reasons pointing to why calling them is not a good idea. For starters, if the claim turns to be a force there is the burden of incriminating the parent and interrupting a disrupting a cohesive environment. Another reason for not calling the children’s services is that there is no physical proof of abuse, such as unexplained bruises, unusual interest in physical violence, and inappropriate clothing does not exist. However, the fact that there are no signs of violence does not take away from the fact that the boy’s claim might be legitimate.