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situation in libya and law of war
Name
Instructor
Task
Date
Law of war
Libya is faced by many challenges and risks. It does not have the consensus strategies necessary required for a constitution giving the government legitimacy to resolve monopoly conflicts of arms dealing. The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities who attack the regime frequently. Such situations hinder economic development required to meet the needs of the population. If Libya does not reach on a constitution that gives the regime the legitimacy to enforce law,
The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. There was an organized military operation to fight terrorists from Afghanistan and Iraq without any intentions of negotiations. The organized military operation is well thought-out as an act of war. President Bush administration is ready to move out of the boarders to fight terrorism (Blum & Heymann).These words are considered to influence a language of war, and the administration feels justified to execute the offenders without trial. The rules that govern an administration are usually weak and lose because the government is ready to do anything in the name of war. Many human rights are dishonored as suspects are killed without having proper trial. Every person is entitled to due process even if he is a suspect and fair trial should be conducted to him. The law advocates that an individual is blameless until confirmed guilty, but this does not apply in time of war. This is because suspects are executed and are not given a chance to confirm their innocence (Carothers). Despite the violations of human rights, war laws should be applied to terrorists.
Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The American government has literalized war; thus there are no clear distinctions between rules that must be applied during peaceful moments and what rules are acceptable during war times. Police and other law enforces are only allowed to use force only when threaten with death or physical injury ( Campbell & Mitchell). It is also stipulated in the international laws that a suspect should be tried after he is caught. This is not the case in the American government because the terrorist suspects are detained without trial. This is a violation of human rights because every individual is entitled to a due process. During the war, the law enforcement law and rules are replaced with international laws. The war rules stipulate that an enemy is to be shot without warning unless he is trying to surrender. An enemy caught in combat is detained until the war ends (Dobriansky).
Bush administration uses armed and lethal force to capture al-Qaida terrorist, which is not human. War on terrorism is considered real war; thus American laws ought to be sufficient in dealing with terrorists (Gaus). War is different based on the circumstances and basis it is undertaken. Using criminal law is a weak weapon in stopping terrorists because war is larger that this criminal activities. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get (Lieberthal). It is because of this strong measures should be used. Using criminal law is sufficient and advantageous during peaceful moments but it is not sufficient during war times. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. Criminal law suggests that the terrorist can only be sentenced with evidence from the eyewitness. Circumstantial evidence is not considered, and this can ruin the accessibility to the al-Qaida plans (Masters).
The American states have the strategies of ensuring that countries that produce oil stabilize so that they can access their oil. The USA marines during world war one become second from the fight and this ensured that the United States can have access to oil producing areas in overseas countries. Prior to second war of the world, United States was able to have ownership of oil rich places in Mexico and Caribbean region. Cold war and world war two gave the Americans motivations of maintaining and coming up with an economic strategy that influenced Latin Americans (Fusco, pp 43). Through power and determination USA was able to secure oil areas in Persian even though it was difficult because of the distance. USA took the roles of Britain in the Middle East after the second war of the world as the controllers of western interests.
People from Libya considered oil as the most import element source of power. These two great powers stopped using coal and started using oil as the source of power in the military. In connection to military source power, they came up with innovations such as submarines, and airplanes that used oil as a source of power. Other than the military using oil as their source of power, oil transformed USA into an industrious country in 20th century. After the year 1890 USA economy was greater than that Britain and after the year 1920 USA economy was much stronger than the economy of the six countries that are highly powerful.
Supplies of oil that are cheap and available are essential for the vehicles industry that played a significant role in the economy of USA during the 1920s and 1960s. Oil was adapted as the source of energy for transports in land and air as well as in water. This form of energy challenged coal as many industries and sectors turned to oils as a source of energy. Oil was use in heating and electric generation as well as power for machines. These machines were used to modernize agriculture and were used for production of pesticides. Oil was used for creating a modern life to the America citizens as much machinery used oil as a source of power (Hinnebusch, pp 45). At the time of the second world war America used oil as a source of energy. Most of the machinery and transportation facilities used oil as a source of energy in America.
USA has the highest prosperous and domestic oil corporations known as the seven sisters that dominated the oil sector from the 1920 to the 1970s. These corporations dominated the countries that have high oil production, which are Mexico and Venezuela. By dominating the oil industry America was considered the superpower during this period of time (Fusco, pp 23). In the years 1920s and 1930s American states supported US oil companies’ indulgence in the Middle East. The oil companies from USA are highly involved in oils regions in Netherlands. When world war two ended, USA oil companies produced approximately 40% of oil outside the states and the Soviet Union.
The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities that attack the regime frequently. The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get.Works cited
Aljazeera: is us down grade inevitable. 2011. Web april 2013
Available at,
<http://www.aljazeera.com/>
Major characters in the book Death of Salesman.
Name
Instructor
Subject
Date
Death of a salesman
1.Major characters in the book Death of Salesman.
These characters include; Willy Loman, Biff Loman, Happy loman, Linda loman, Charley, Benard and Howard Wegner.
Willy Loman: He is a self-deluded, an insecure traveling salesman. Willy believes fully in the American dream of easy success and wealth acquisition. He has not changed or grown.
Biff Loman: He led enchanted life in high school as a footballer star full of scholarship chances, flattering female friends alongside good male friends. He failed in math and later never graduated. He later changed his life after visiting Belly Oliver’s office that made a break from lies and decided to begin his life afresh. He later chose living in reality. He, therefore, shown some changes in the play.
Linda Loman: Even though she occasionally shares Willy’s self-delude hopes for future glory and success, more often than not, she seems more realistic and less fragile than Willy. She has tried to nurture her family amidst Willy’s misleading attempts at success. Her stronger emotional strength made her grow and change in in the play.
Happy Loman: Although he works as assistance to an assistance buyer, he always represents himself as supremely important being. He never grew up because he practiced bad business practices and constantly had sex with girlfriends of his seniors.
2.What is revealed about the characters through dialogue?
Miller while writing his book chosen not rely on spoken images, but rather creates them practically on the stage. Instead of merely leaving a character to tell the story, he decided to show it to readers. Dialogue has been significantly used in this book to show the images of characters. Dialogue has clearly shown to readers Willy’s insanity. Without dialogue, the readers would not have shown clearly how Willy’s broken speech and his constant up and down movement indicating how shattered he is.
3.Verbal irony, dramatic irony, how irony has been conveyed in the book and importance if irony.
Yes, the play includes both verbal and dramatic irony. Verbal irony is depicted on Willy’s last name ‘’Loman’’pronounced Low- Man, suggesting his low place in the society even though he insist the opposite.
Dramatic irony comes out clearly in Linder’s line in the play ‘’we’re free’’. It’s ironical because they think that they are finally free to pay off all the debts and any burden, only to find that Willy is taking his life because of the insurance money.
4. How irony is conveyed
What seems very ironical in this book is that Willy Loman is a loser in life, but he constantly advisesa his children on how to become successful in life. He was advising his sons how to become success as early as they were in school, and he still continues advising then on how to be success when they reached their thirties. This is happening as Willy is getting old and old and has worn out. Willy himself does not know how to succeed in life. In his imaginations, he keeps on asking his brother Ben the secrets of success that give a clear indication that Willy does not know the secrets of success and yet he insists on teaching his sons.
5. What is revealed about characters through their actions?
Willy Loman’s actions reveal that he is a man of big dreams, precisely American Dream. He wants greater things in life and trust that for him to advance great opportunities and move the ladder of success must be liked and known by the big and wealthy people in the society.
Linder’s action has portrayed her as loving and devoted wife. She seems to be an easy going woman. She always go with the flow and always try to calm Willy whenever he is upset.
Charly’s action has proved that he is a true friend. Despite being mocked by Willy and his sons, Charley still goes ahead to hepl them in thir financial problems.
Bliff: despite too much pressure to bring success home, he repents the reflection of true life as what his father wanted to be never come true despite being forced not follow his own dreams in life.
Happy’s characters depict him as a happy man. The fact that Willy does not expect a lot as opposed to his brother Bliff, he lives a free life making have ample time to make friendships both with male and females.
Reference
Miller, A. (1994). Death of a salesman. Oxford: Heinemann.
Stages of FAIR Risk Methodology
Name
Instructor
Course
DateStages of FAIR Risk Methodology
Fair Risk Methodology has four major stages comprising ten steps. Under the first stage, there is the first step, which involves the identification of the asset at risk. For the estimation of control and value characristics of the risk analysis to be possible, it is important to first identify the object under evaluation. If the analysis is at a multilevel, the analyst will need to evaluate the object at risk and all the meta-objects existing between the threat community and the primary asset (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 32).The second step involves the identification of the threat community, which is important in the estimation of the Threat Event Frequency and Threat Capability. When evaluating risks associated with malicious actions, the analyst will be required to decide on whether the threat community is malware or human, and external or internal. The second stage in the analysis is the evaluation of loss event frequency. The third step coming under this stage is the threat event frequency, which is the probable frequency in a given time frame that will be acted upon by a threat agent. Contributing factors to this step include probability of action and contact frequency. The fourth step is the threat capability, which is the probable force level that enables the threat agent to apply against an asset. Contributing factors under this step include resources and skill (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 23).
The next step is the control strength, which is the expected effectiveness of control over some timeframe as it is measured against a baseline force levels. Contributing factors under this step include assurance and strength. The next step under this stage is the vulnerability analysis, which involves analyzing the probability that an asset will not be able to resist actions of the threat agent. The analysis in this step is closely related to the results of analysis in step four and five. The next step, which is step seven, is the analysis of loss event frequency. It involves the analysis of the probable frequency within a certain time frequency, over which a threat agent will cause harm to an asset. The next stage in this methodology is the evaluation of probable loss magnitude. The next step under this stage, which is step eight, is the estimation of estimation of worst-case loss. This involves the estimation of worst-case magnitude using three steps. The first step is the determination of threat action most likely to result in worst case outcome (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 23). The second step is the estimation of the magnitude for each loss form that is associated with the threat action. The last step in this aspect is “summing” the loss form magnitudes. The next step in this stage is step nine, which involves estimating probable loss. The estimation of probable loss magnitude is done using three steps. The first step involves the identification of the threat community action that is most likely. The next step is the evaluation of probable loss magnitude for every loss form and the last step is “summing” the magnitudes.
The last stage in this methodology is the derivation and articulation of risk and the next step, which is step eight, is also the derivation and articulation of risk. It involves the probable magnitude and frequency of future loss. Properly articulated analysis should give decision makers the opportunity to get at least two important pieces of information:”the estimated loss event frequency” and “the estimated probable loss magnitude”. The information can be displayed through charts, texts, or both. In most cases, it is better to also display the “estimated high-end loss potential” to make the decision maker become aware of the expected worst-case scenario. The strength of the FAIR methodology is that it is able to establish accurate probabilities for the magnitude and frequency of loss events. It also has a consistent framework useful in performing risk analyses (Lajoux, Alexandra R, and Charles Elson, 21). The weakness is that FAIR is not a methodology in dealing with risk management, but it is only used to complement the existing methodologies. Using FAIR to analyze somebody’s risk associated with commercial gain is only possible after getting a license from RMI.
Sources Cited
Lajoux, Alexandra R, and Charles Elson. The Art of M & a Due Diligence: Navigating Critical Steps & Uncovering Crucial Data. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Internet resource.