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Creation of Capital City and Financial Centre
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History
In order to understand today’s cities and development; one has first to comprehend how the past cities developed. History defines the past and how it’s different from today. In the 1850s Chicago central developed tremendously through various engineered projects which included building of sidewalks, streets and buildings among others. This work was funded by private owners and public funding with a goal of increasing economic growth and development.
Creation of Capital City/Financial Centre
Capital City of any nation is a key to economic development of a nation. The elevation of Chicago was not much in the 19th century due to lack of proper drainage. The city surface lacked proper drainage presenting a lack of good living conditions. People feared that the stagnant water and bad drainage would pose a danger to their health. Fear of water borne diseases and epidemic was the major fear of the Americans.
However, in 1856 the engineers took the drainage problem seriously. The engineers drafted a sewerage system which was accorded. The workers commenced the laying down of drains covered and renovated the sidewalks with soil. Construction of most buildings, modern followed. In 1858, the main masonry structure in Chicago was constructed. This building was so busy that it raised partnerships and increased trade in Chicago. What followed next was the massive elevation of buildings in Chicago and increased urbanization.
Enhancement of National Unity
This city was designed as a recreational area which was located in the Greater Grand Crossing and Woodlawn community areas from the 1905 to 1950s. In 1905, White city was the largest park ever in the United States. White City is the largest park drew many Americans in Chicago who was in search of recreational facilities. This contributed to Chicago status and increased national unity as many events in the White City brought people together. The White City had various features which included various gardens and strolling paths. Moreover, the building had a tower, which was visible from far and attracted many tourists in the region. The White City increased the National Income and National Unity.
The White City was having several buildings which had white lights from which the park gained the name. The White City hosted various agricultural and industrial exhibitions in the region. Most of the Historic constructions were not long lasting though they were impressive.
Beautification
The river flowed into Lake Michigan, which contained sewerage and other water pollutants. The polluted water posed danger to the health of many in Chicago who suffered from typhoid. However, in the 1871 much of the river was diverted into the Michigan canal and across the Chicago Portage. In 1900, the river was completely reversed by use of series of canal. The river had a foul smell which was not attractive and shied away people and investors in the region. After diversion of the river the area was then occupied by people who developed it. Beautification is very important for economic development.
Economic Boom
Development of Chicago downtown meant the possibility of expansion of trading centre. The completion of Michigan and Illinois Canals in the 1840s created ease in transportation. Good transport system encouraged much trade, though later the water transport was replaced by railroads. The constructed railroads increased the popularity of Chicago in America since most of rail freight in the United States passes through Chicago.
The increased transportation in Chicago was an initiative to aid transportation in the region. The canal project was undertaken to divert flow of the Chicago River, which caused health issues, but it ended up bringing up more additional benefits.
Creation in the book of Genesis
Creation in the book of Genesis
The Lord God created heaven and earth in six days. However, he took rest on the seventh day blessing, sanctifying and admiring everything he had created and appreciated it. In both the bible and Michelangelo’s interpretation, we see that God creates by using commands (‘Let there be…’). In contrast the bible identifies God’s personal name as Yahweh, Michelangelo does not refer to Him anywhere by that name. In either case, God did create man in his own image and likeness. Much as the bible mentions man was moulded from clay/dust, Michelangelo’s interpretation does not mention this form of moulding. Much as the bible and its tradition attributes the Genesis story as the birth to Moses, scholars especially the likes of Michelangelo consider it a composite work, a product of many hands and periods brought and added up together. The genesis story consists of eight acts of creation over six days, framed by an introduction and a conclusion in both cases. There is an act of division: day one divides light from darkness, day two the “waters below” from the “waters above”, whereas day three land from sea. Day four populates darkness and light with sun, moon and stars; day five populates seas and skies with fish and fowl and finally land-based creatures and mankind populate the land.
Man is given the dominion to rule over all living creatures on earth, given the order to go forth to multiply and fill the earth. Adam goes ahead to name all creatures and everything that exists on earth. Having created man (Adam and Eve), God places them in the Garden of Eden. However, God forbids them from eating of the tree of knowledge of evil and good. Satan goes ahead to hoodwink Eve who eats a fruit from the forbidden tree. She shares the same with Adam. Through this disobedience, God gets mad and casts them out from the Garden of Eden. In contrast, Michelangelo paints an artistic scene in which God appears twice. On one side, God creates the heavenly bodies. On the other side, back to the viewer, God exposes the dual moons of his own posterior that balance nicely with the celestial moon to the far right. Even though God’s posterior is integral to Michelangelo’s idea of the Divine, it is used as just one element in the interpretation of the narratives of Genesis story of creation. The bible show cases the fall of man when they disobey God and are cast out from the Garden of Eden, similarly Michelangelo’s artful representations are about the entry of sin through the fall of Adam, cleansing of humanity by Noah’s flood waters and persistence of sin after the flood. In contrast, the Christian understanding of the fall and the immediate removal from the Garden of Eden is evidence of man’s own sinfulness, instead of a celebration of one’s innermost emotional growth and a show of maturation. The Christian interpretation is captured by Michelangelo whereby the retaliatory angel thrusts the point of the sword into Adam’s jugular as the banished pair cringe in fear. Expressions of sheer dread and pain cover their faces. The busy, yet mute God has also been banished by the point of that sword having been thrust into the jugular of Adam, which in this case is the crown of God’s creation.
In yet another comparison, God punishes Adams generation by making a covenant with Noah to build an ark as He prepared to bring a flood to sweep away everything. In contrast, we find that through this cleansing by the flood waters, man does not however stop sinning.
Creating the Marketing Mix Memo
Creating the Marketing Mix Memo
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Creating the Marketing Mix Memo
Pricing of a product is crucial in dictating whether it will be successful or not. Where a product’s price is too low, the company loses revenue as it will not be in a position to generate adequate profit to sustain its operations. Where the price is too high compared to what the competitors are offering in the market, the company will lose sales from customers as they will prefer to buy from the competitors (Perreault & McCarthy, 2005). Choosing the right price for the marketing mix is, therefore, critical for the success of the company and especially one that has been out of the competitive market like MM Company. The first approach that can be employed is the penetration pricing strategy. This involves setting the price at a lower level compared to the competitors as the company penetrates the market and then finally raising it to a higher level once a substantive market share has been gained (Monroe, 2003). Having been out of the market for quite a while, MM Company needs to gain a substantial market share in order to make profits. It should, therefore, introduce the new product at a discount in order to give people an opportunity to try it out. However, the price should not be too low so as to avoid suspicion from prospective customers on the quality of the product. The company then closely monitors the success rate of the product in the market in order to determine whether it has got a substantial market share. Another pricing strategy that can be used is market oriented pricing where the company uses information got from its research to determine its price. This is usually in relation to the competitors. MM Company in this pricing strategy would set its prices within the same range as the competitors. I would recommend the use of the penetration pricing strategy in the beginning in order to attract more customers and then switching to the market oriented one once they have made a substantial market share.
The distribution plan employed when the penetration pricing strategy is used involves the use of sales representatives during the advertising and promotion of the product. This is done during the initial period during and after the launch of the product into the market. The sales representatives will offer the product at discounted prices to the initial buyers. Its major aim is to create awareness by enabling customers to try out the mobile phone at a discounted price. The low price is meant to attract as many prospective customers in the target market as possible. Thereafter, as it gains a substantial market share, the company can increase its price to a more favorable one and use distributors to sell the product. It will allow the company to monitor how much revenue is expected from the sale of products in the distribution stores. The company will sell the mobile phones at a specific price to the retailers who in turn sell it to individual customers.
The element of price should be well considered before any decisions are made. It determines the distribution plan which will be used by the company to get its product out there. The use of sales representatives to distribute the product allows them to give demonstrations on the usage of the mobile phone and allows one on one interaction between the company/its representatives and the consumer. Once the price is fixed at some level, the company can use distributors as it is relatively easy to determine the revenue expected. The company can also dictate the price it wants its products to be sold at compared to the competitors within the industry.
References
Monroe, K.B. (2003). The Pricing Strategy Audit. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge Strategy Publications.
Perreault, W.D & McCarthy, E.J (2005). Essentials of marketing: a global-managerial approach. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin