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Corruption- where does it start
Running head: CORRUPTION- WHERE DOES IT START?
Corruption- where does it start?
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Corruption: Where does it start?
Corruption is prevalent in many organizations including the judiciary, police, in schools and businesses. Political corruption is the most common type that is seen in many countries. Political corruption is defined in the article “Corruption –Definitions” as the exploitation of authority for personal gain. The extent of corruption varies from minor ones involving returning favors to major corruption acts including institutional bribery. Corruption begins both in bureaucratic and political offices and can either be grand, petty, prearranged or unorganized. Corruption facilitates crimes like embezzlement, prostitution and drug trafficking though this are not the only crimes that are linked to corruption. If an institution or a country is interested in wiping out corruption, then it is necessary to analyze corruption effectively and distinguish it from other crime.
What is the root cause of this vice? Who is to blame when a government official takes a bribe or when a company defrauds its consumers by inflating their prices? Mark (2009) argues that the root cause of corruption is bad parenting because it is the responsibility of parents to teach their children the difference between right and wrong at a tender age. It is the parents’ duty to teach their children that it is bad to lie or steal from others. It is evident that most of the values in children are passed on from their parents either deliberately or unintentionally.
According to Wendy (2004), corrupt acts like taking bribes can be a way of escaping punishment. Individuals in the wrong can give bribes in order to evade punishment by either the police or the judicial system. A bribe is viewed as a convenient way for one to easily get what they want. People with a low pay or minimum wages feel that they have to accept bribe so as to make a decent living. Corrupt individuals are selfish and insensitive to the suffering caused by their corrupt acts owing to their greedy nature. They go out of their way to justify their corrupt acts just because they benefit from it and at the same time become deep rooted in this vice of corruption.
Corruption poses a major threat to the development of a country or an institution by undermining good governance and democracy. Corruption in legislative bodies and in and in the electoral process decreases accountability and policymaking representation. At the same time, corruption challenges the authenticity of government and democratic ethics such as tolerance and trust. Corruption also destabilizes economic growth through generation of distortion and inefficiency in the private and the public sector as discussed in the article “Corruption –Definitions.” Corruption is evident in many countries and poses a major obstacle to the welfare of local citizens. Political corruption implies that government policies are meant to benefit only a few including those who give bribes and not the country.
Conclusively, Corruption is a vice that is evident in many institutions and countries. It undermines good supremacy and democracy by posing a threat to the development of a country or an institution. The source of corruption can be due to the bad parenting skills evident in the current generation as explored by Mark (2009). Parents bear the responsibility of education their children the distinction between right and wrong at a tender age. Corruption as discussed by Wendy (2004), can be as a result of low wages paid to workers who in turn feel the need to receive bribes in order to make a descent living. It is also a way for criminal offender to evade punishment by offering bribes either to judges or the police. Institutions or countries with the intention of wiping out corruption should first analyze its root cause and work towards eliminating the disgracing vice.
References
Wendy, S. “What Are the Causes of Corruption?” China Daily. 09 February 2004. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://chinadaily.cn/english/doc/2004-02/09/content_304379.htm” http://chinadaily.cn/english/doc/2004-02/09/content_304379.htm
Mark, S. “Corruption: Where Does It Start?”Giving New Meaning to Parenting. 26th January 2009. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://gnmparents.com/corruption-where-does-it-start-2/” http://gnmparents.com/corruption-where-does-it-start-2/
“Corruption – Definition.” Word IQ. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.wordiq.com/definitio/corruption” http://www.wordiq.com/definitio/corruption
Corruption of Marriage in Nevada
Didion, Joan. “Marrying Absurd”, 2005. Web. HYPERLINK “http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/english100kn/MarryingAbsurd.pdf” http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/english100kn/MarryingAbsurd.pdf (Accessed 5 December 2011)
Corruption of Marriage in Nevada
The institution of marriage is perhaps one of the most astounding in the development of individuals in the society and is usually marked with jubilations reminiscent of its importance. Holding a wedding casually is not only contrary to the expectation of the importance of this event but also an insult of the noble intentions of tying the knot. Citing the compromising environment in which marriage and weddings in Nevada apparently contradict social expectations, Joan Didion generates deep feelings worth worrying for this American State. The author applies imagery to depict the casualness and contempt with which the Nevada community accords important social events, which generates a perfect nexus with the actual developments regarding absurdity around marriage. Irony and contradictions conspicuously persist throughout the article as the author’s attempt to paint the moral decadence with regard to marriage strikes a perfect balance in the discourse. The author paints the entire wedding quagmire in Nevada using imagery from an environmental scan and the commercial hype in Las Vegas which is unfavorable for serious social events.
In light of the description of the physical environment that the author picks to create imagery on the marriage confusion, a contrasting image appears giving the main theme a deep sense of life. From the premise that a couple’s engagement immediately after a wedding is like a young life, a nurturing environment can be thought of. Making an extrapolation of the most supportive conditions of a young life, perhaps the most delicate care and environment would be appropriate for inclusion in the nurturing conditions. However, Nevada is located in a harsh physical environment with desert conditions that could make a young life to struggle for survival. In terms of the physical harshness, if not desiccated to death, an encounter with poisonous rattlesnakes and bruises from mesquite present the cruelty awaiting.
Accompanying evidence of the harsh conditions imagery of the actual desert-like life in Nevada, which probably make weddings a casual affair in this environment fits perfectly in the discourse. Las Vegas is cited majorly in many respects of this environment where sensible marriage would not exist. Presence of call girls in plenty in the town simulates a scandalous environment where casual unions are the order of the day (1). Presenting such an environment as a perfect choice for conducting a wedding is perhaps an insult at its best and scandalous at its worst. Gang life emerges in the discourse as a normal setting in which raving merry and gambling best thrive making Las Vegas as a preferred destination for fun seekers. Immediate gratification conspicuously obscures reasoning and patience which characterize honorable unions as weddings. Amyl nitrite poppers easily offered by stewards in this city paint a picture of a careless and addiction driven society that can only make things complicated for the married life. Such is the casualness in the physical setting that Nevada and Las Vegas in specific gives to marriage at the behest young unsuspecting couples who later find difficult to find control of the confusion.
Commercialization of fun in Las Vegas perhaps contributes to the indecent lack of distinction between marriage and fun. Apparently, commercialization of sex in Las Vegas is a little over the moralist’s perspective of a balanced society in terms of vices and values. Fun jinx hovers around Las Vegas and makes it above all standards of American definition of having fun in an outing. Every fun crazy and addicted spoilt and delinquent brat would find Las Vegas as a place to call home. Lack of sensual control in the city would force everyone to forgive the dwellers for confusing marriage with fun. The author reckons that Las Vegas lacks a sense of time since fun goes on every second of the days of the week around the year. In the context of this fun business frenzy, the confusion seems to wipe across any decency around noble ideas such as sex within marriage hence mockery of the wedding event in fun. The fun business around weddings in Las Vegas is evident in the wedding-intensive chapels in the city (2). Commercial plans for every wedding detail characterize the casual environment representing the contradiction. In such a commercial environment, moral decadence overshadows every holy shred of the institution of marriage, with scenes of underage couples and improper conduct from parents taking center stage at such weddings.
In conclusion, marriage absurdity in Nevada is particularly a casual encounter as the conditioned environment no longer recognizes it as so. A cold environment devoid of a moral backing corrupts marriage values from the community just as harsh climate in the nearby desert does. A casual treatment of serious tenets of life defies odds in Nevada, making delicate social organizations to suffer. It is therefore difficult for marriage to be a normal affair with a harsh environment and a highly commercialized social setting supported by fun addiction, due to the contradiction they give to marriage.
Work Cited
Didion, Joan. “Marrying Absurd”, 2005. Web. HYPERLINK “http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/english100kn/MarryingAbsurd.pdf” http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/english100kn/MarryingAbsurd.pdf (Accessed 5 December 2011)
Correlational Research
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Correlational Research
Although correlational research has been used over time as one of the most important methods qualitative research, it is in most instances compounded by certain shortcomings that undermine the credibility and validity of the results that are attained. For this reason, researchers or investigators using this type of research need to exercise a high degree of cautiousness in a bid to enhance the credibility of their results. This is particularly so because in the psychological field, the relative researches have far reaching implications on the wellbeing f the society. Besides being employed in policy formulation and enforcement, the respective findings inform critical decision making. It is against this background that this paper explores important confounds in Tomasello’s Culture and Cognitive Development and Gauvain’s Cognitive Development in Social and Cultural Context. It then proceeds to determining whether the respective investigators have acknowledged the inherent inconsistencies in their researches. Finally, it describes a research design that could be useful for clarifying the results of the respective correlational research.
Typically, correlational research does not establish direct and distinctive social relationships between the factors under examination. It this respect, it becomes difficult to make credible inferences accordingly. In his study, Gauvain (1998) argues that culture plays an imperative role in cognitive development. The author attributes the organization and development of cognitive development to three main factors that include cultural values and activity goals, the material as well as symbolic tools that are useful for satisfying cultural values and goals and the higher level structures that are useful for instantiating the cultural values and goals of daily practices. The shortcoming of this study is its failure to appreciate the individual capacities that greatly influence cognitive development. In this respect, it is worth appreciating that culture is a very complex and dynamic social aspect that can not be explored from a single distinct point of view. This is further compounded by the fact that it is dynamic and influences the biological wellbeing of an individual.
Gauvain (1998) acknowledges that personal abilities and skills that emerge and are displayed in various social environments have not been accounted for. He suggests that future studies need to focus on this aspect in order to make the study complete. This is due to the fact that the individual is at the center stage of both the culture and cognitive development. An ideal research design in this regard could have focused on the employment of multiple regressions. This entails use of multiple factors to accredit the respective relationship.
Tomasello (2000) on the other hand explores the relationship between culture and cognitive development. Through culture, he indicates that humans are able to develop their cognitive ability and foster revolution. Children in this regard are presented as having the ability to learn through adults as opposed to from adults. Likewise, this study is limited by the cat that it does not put in consideration various social and biological factors that foster the cognitive development. This is regardless of the fact that the author underscores that in certain situations, the learning does not occur through imitation. Besides the biological evolution and cultural processes, it should be acknowledged that environmental factors also contribute significantly to the process of learning. In essence, cognitive development is a complex process that is necessitated by various factors that share intricate and augmenting relationships. Tomasello (2000) inconclusively and indirectly mentions this concern but does not directly address it at the end of the study. He makes the mistakes of concluding that there is indeed a relationship between cognitive development and the biological and relative cultural factors.
An ideal design in this regard needs to have addressed the issue of the common causal variable that is also referred to as the third variable. Basically, this constitutes a variable that is not a part of the research but which is instrumental in establishing a relationship between the outcome and predictors. In light of this study, this can be represented by the environmental factors that are imperative in this particular study. This would have gone a long way in bridging the inherent gaps and accrediting the study accordingly.
In sum, although correlational studies have been employed for a significant period of time, they have certain inconsistencies that have the ability to undermine the validity as well as credibility of the respective research. As it has come out from the preceding analysis, the two studies have certain inconsistencies that need to be addressed accordingly. The first study fails to provide a credible explanation for other cognitive representations that are exhibited by learners. He however acknowledges this shortcoming and recommends future studies to focus on this. An ideal design for it would have been employment of multiple regressions to explain his research topic. The second study fails to underscore the role of environmental factors that directly affect cognitive development. The author does not hover acknowledge this shortcoming. An ideal design in this respect would have considered the role of a third variable.
References
Gauvain, M. (1998). Cognitive development in social and cultural context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 188-192.
Tomasello, M. (2000). Culture and cognitive development. Current Directions in psychological Science, 9, 37-40.