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analysis of the Melbourne Recital Centre and the use of space and acoustics in its design.
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Art &Architecture
There are many architectural buildings, which are famous for their great designs. The Melbourne Recital Centre is known all over the world for its design as well as the acoustics it displays. This building has won many awards such as the Victorian Architecture Medal. According to Lefebvre Henri, space is an integral part of architecture, as is brings about social practice. For example, in music, there needs to be space, which is in line with reference systems. As a result of modernity, there have been great achievements in designing buildings, which have excellent space (Melbourne Recital Centre, 2011. 1).
This paper seeks to give a critical analysis of the Melbourne Recital Centre and the use of space and acoustics in its design.
Critical analysis of the Melbourne Recital Centre
The Recital Centre in Melbourne is famous, as it has numerous awards, in terms of its magnificent architecture. In the year 2009, it won the prestigious Public Buildings National Awards, which is a national award. The building has incorporated the latest trends in excellence as well as innovation. Acoustics is an integral part of this building as the architects made sure to incorporate this into the building. The designer of the building is Mc Dougall Raggatt Ashton, and the developer being Lease Lend Bovis. The building has been crafted in the most beautiful design ever witnessed in the city of Melbourne (Melbourne Recital Centre, 2011. 1). When it was being constructed, the developer and the designer made sure to incorporate elements of design as well as music.
The Recital Centre has made excellent use of space, which is an attribute that most of its guests seem to acknowledge. The size of the Recital Centre is four thousand square meters and only facilities, which are state of the art, have been used. Also, the performers at the recital Centre acknowledge the fact that it has incorporated the latest technology. This shows that this is indeed a great architecture building found in Melbourne city (Melbourne Recital Centre, 2011. 1). The architectural experience at the Recital Centre is one that has not been witnessed before. The building ensures that the boundaries of design are effectively crossed. It has made excellent use of architectural, interior and urban excellence.
Technical and aesthetic was the term used to describe the challenges incurred in the design. Most audiences and players believe that the halls of post war are extremely disappointing. This is according to the reference group, who had to give their opinions of this Recital Centre. The hall’s shape is typological and this is due to the elements, which the designers wanted to incorporate. Culture and history were the vocal points of this building as it was being designed. Also, there was a great need to ensure that during the music performance, the acoustic science would be realized. The modernistic geometry was used to come up with the Recital Centre’s shape. Also, it should be known that sightline diagrams were used, in order to ensure that functional analysis existed. The expression of neo-plastic and acoustic modeling was used, which in turn, ensured that space was effectively generated. The latter played a vital role in coming up with a magnificent Recital Centre, which did not look like the other traditional buildings in Melbourne.
When compared to other Recital Centre’s such as Concertgebouw, of the year 1883, by Van Gendt and Wigmore Hall of the year 1900, by Collcutt, the Recital Centre is perfect. In order to design the recital Centre at Melbourne, the latter two were used as benchmarks. These buildings were constructed during the 19th century and did not have as much technology or other assistance, which exists in today’s world. The Recital Centre has the shape of a shoe box and the advantage is that acoustic perfection is achieved through it. It is not easy for anyone to fail to recognize the box shape. Sound and surface, have been created as a result of the spectacle of room, which exists. In turn, a room –ness has been created at the Recital Centre (Ching, 2007. 68).
The Recital Centre has a stage and not a proscenium and this ensures that the audience and the performers are at similar locations. Box-ness has been created, which is extremely different from a box that is traditional. The space seen at the Recital Centre is symmetrical and the space complex as well (Melbourne Recital Centre, 2011. 1). There are no textured surfaces or panels, which are articulated, as it has been made to look like a room that is basic. Timber has been used at the Murdoch Elisabeth hall, which has created space, in an architectural manner. It has been described as being a suite that is extremely luxurious. The Recital Centre is known for the artistic programs, as well as architecture, which is uncompromising acoustic. This is the reason why it is on the list of the one of the greatest halls in the world.
At the Murdoch Elisabeth Hall, chamber music is the main appeal for audiences. The designer made sure that the players and the audiences are able to communicate intimately. Thus, during the performance, dynamics and intensity are shared well by the audience. Acoustic design and architecture has been fused throughout the entire hall. The concert hall is shaped, based upon a shoe box, which is classical. Acoustic intimacy has been created by the geometry for great performances (Lefebvre, 1991. 56). Also, the audience benefits from the increased sight lines.
A unique instrument has been formed by the interior made from timber. The purpose is to ensure that music performances are enhanced and complemented in accordance to the design. Organic texture has been used in the interior surfaces, which in turn ensures that the instruments are well enhanced. The rear wall and the upper surfaces have created an effect, which is pixilation that is often diffused. In turn, the hall is unique, due to its rich clarity, as well as the excellent strength. A bass response has been created as a result of the timber lining (Melbourne Recital Centre, 2011. 1). Bass and cello are heard well as the frequency produced is of high standards. The players at the hall are happy with their performances, which are enhanced by the design and architecture. Buildings should be designed in a manner, which should appeal to people. The work done by the team that came up should be commended. Also, the designer of the Recital Centre was inspired by theories of Michael Foucault (Defert, 1997.34). The latter is known for advocating for architects to use space when coming up with designs for buildings. All the elements of space were used in coming up with the design for the Melbourne Recital Centre.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Recital Centre at Melbourne is in line with the modernity concepts of architecture. The building has made excellent use of space to become what it is today. More architects should follow the footsteps of Mc Dougall Raggatt Ashton, who is a great designer. Indeed, use of space should be incorporated in coming up with buildings, that attract people’s attention.
Work Cited
Lefebvre, Henri. From the Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1991.Print.
Defert, Daniel. Foucault, Space and the Architects. Cantz Veleg, 1997.Print.
Melbourne Recital Centre, Retrieved from http://www.a-r-m.com.au/projects_mrc.html 2011.
Ching, Francis. Architecture: Form, Space and Order. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.Print.
analysis of the book, Food Rules An Eater Manual by Michael Pollan.
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Food Rules: An Eater’s Manual
By Michael Pollan
In his book, Food Rules: An Eater’s Manual, Michael Pollan draws attention to America’s healthcare crisis, especially in relation to the diverse diseases that result from having a poor diet. The author introduces 64 rules related to eating, which he narrows down to three main concepts including; Eat Food, Mostly Plants, Not Too Much (Pollan 1-112). As observable in the three statements, the author explains to his readers to eat, though not too much, and most of all, to eat the foods that are mainly acquired from plants. The rules that Pollan presents in his book are based on traditional and cultural eating habits. His argument regarding his basis, is that the western culture is quickly becoming too concentrated on processed foods, which has in turn, been responsible for the deteriorating health of most people today. In essence, the book provides a guideline for attaining good and responsible eating habits for the individuals who are concerned about their health. (Pollan 1-112).
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the book, Food Rules: An Eater’s Manual by Michael Pollan. Specifically, the paper provides an analysis of the three statements, “Eat Food”, “Mostly Plants”, and “Not Too Much”, as presented in the novel.
Eat Food
The first statement that the author introduces to his readers is the concept of eating food. By this he means that people should engage in the practice of eating real food as opposed to food that has been processed (Bain 1). Accordingly, this statement has a strong link to Michael’s belief that people in the modern world are more accustomed to eating processed foods, instead of fresh food. He begins by warning his readers not to eat an food that their ancestors would not recognize as food. This builds on his argument regarding processed food whereby the modern day ‘foods’ have undergone too much processing that they can no longer be recognized as being food. Food rule number 22 states, “It’s not food if it arrived through the window of your car” (Pollan 1-112). With this, the author draws attention to the types of foods that individuals should eat and the types that they should not. This statement carries a lot of meaning for the readers, especially those that live in the urban cities. This is because such people rarely have the time to prepare good meals for themselves, and for that reason, end up ordering take out from restaurants. In his novel, the author argues that a meal can only be termed as good food if it has been prepared by the eater form the start to the finish.
Mostly Plants
In food rule number 19, the author states “If it came from a plant, eat it; if it was made in a plant, don’t” (Pollan 1-112). With this statement, the author urges his readers to put plants and other vegetables first in their list of foods to eat. He draws attention to the common practice of “nutritionism” whereby individuals focus more on the nutrients found in food, as opposed to the food on its own (Parker-Pope 1). He explains that by doing this, companies tend to process foods that are rich in particular nutrients, which at most times are not beneficial to the eater, hence leading to various kinds of diseases in the long run. The author recommends the consumption of fruits and vegetables that are fresh from the garden, and he believes that such foods are very nutritious ad they provide the nutritional supplements that individuals require for a healthy life. Though he recommends the consumption of vegetables, the author is also quick to state the benefit of other foods such as meats. He explains that there are some nutrients that foods such as meats provide and plats cannot.
Not Too Much
Another concept or eating habit that the author has introduced in this novel is what he terms as, Not Too Much. Principally, this statement examines the different manners of eating that individuals portray in their daily lives (Bain 1). He highlights a number of eating habits that individuals have today including eating at work, eating in when bored, and eating in excess among other things. The author condemns any person who overeats knowingly or unknowingly and urges such individuals to change their behaviors with regards to the consumption of food. In rule number 46 the author states, “Stop eating before you’re full and try to eat only to 67 to 80 percent capacity” (Pollan 1-112). This rule further explains the author’s views regarding good eating habits where he argues for reduced eating. Observably, this rule is about individuals being mindful of what they eat and how they eat it. As the author explains, most people hold the belief that they should eat until they are full, however, the author explains that this is the first step towards unhealthy eating habits. This is because hunger may sometimes be psychological, an eating to get full will therefore imply eating too much.
Work Cited
Bain, Jennifer. Michael Pollan Offers 64 Rules For Eating Well. The Star, 2 January 2010. Web.
26 January 2012 <<http://www.thestar.com/living/food/article/743865–michael-pollan-offers-64-rules-for-eating-well>>
Parker-Pope, Tara. Michael Pollan Offers 64 Ways To Eat Food. New York Times, 8 January
2010. Web. 26 January, 2012. << http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/08/michael-pollan-offers-64-ways-to-eat-food/>>
Pollan, Michael. Food Rules: An Eater’s Manual. New York: Penguin Group USA, 2009. Print.
Analysis of the book, Discipleship Counseling, by Neil Anderson
Discipleship Counseling
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Abstract
In his book, Discipleship Counseling, Anderson examines the significance of discipleship counseling to both the counselor and the counselee. As he presents his ideas in the book, three main themes are brought out including the relationship between psychology and theology, Christ as the ultimate counselor, and the concept of freedom in Christ as a tool for discipleship. These three themes have been the highlight of the book, and the author uses them to pass his message regarding discipleship counseling across. The themes have been used, not only to advise counselors on the approaches towards discipleship counseling, but also as a way of creating understanding on the importance of discipleship counseling.
Key Words: Discipleship Counseling, Psychology, Theology, Freedom in Christ
Introduction
Discipleship and the path towards religious fulfillment have been identified as one of the most complicated processes for individuals today. This is especially so in modern day because of the religious dilution that characterizes society, thus making it hard for people to practice their religions accordingly (Putman & Duek, 2011). Having established this, religious leaders have identified the need for discipleship counseling, which involves providing guidance to individuals regarding discipleship and religion. This form of counseling is much different from secular counseling, as it involves encouraging individuals to live spiritual lives, in accordance with the expectations of their respective religions. Neil Anderson, an author and a religious leader, expounds on this concept in his book, Discipleship Counseling. In this book, Anderson explains the significance of discipleship counseling, as well as, the various approaches towards discipleship counseling.
This paper provides an analysis of the book, Discipleship Counseling, by Neil Anderson. Specifically, the paper examines three themes brought out in the book, as well as, their relationship with the entire context of the book.
Themes
Upon a closer examination of Anderson’s book, it is evident that the author wishes to expound on the concept of discipleship counseling. This includes providing information regarding some of the basic approaches towards the practice. Throughout the book, the author explains some of the concepts and methodologies applied in discipleship counseling, all of which bring are used to build on some themes in this practice. Accordingly, three main themes are brought out in the book including a relationship between psychology and theology, Christ as the ultimate counselor, as well as, freedom in Christ as a contrivance of discipleship.
Relationship between Psychology and Theology
The relationship between psychology and theology is the central theme of the book. This is mainly because the book is centered on discipleship counseling, which is the process of guiding individuals into attaining their full spiritual potential and following the path of Christ (Anderson, 2003). As the author explains, theology and psychology have a close relation, unlike popular belief. Anderson explains that psychology is the study of the human soul, and it is in these souls that faith and religion are ingrained in individuals. Theology, on the other hand, is the study of God and religion, thus explaining the relationship between the two concepts. Accordingly, psychology also embraces human thought and imagination, which is also the root of one’s religious beliefs and practices (Anderson, 2003). Psychology entails an examination of the concept of spirituality, and the significance of this to individuals, something that is part and parcel of theology. As evident from the readings, the entire book examines how psychology can be used to encourage, and in some cases manipulate one’s thoughts regarding their spirituality and religious beliefs (Wade et al., 2007).
As the author explains, cognitive therapy, which is a technique used in discipleship counseling, plays a influential role in shaping one’s beliefs. Human beings lack the ability to control their emotions, but their thought and beliefs can be controlled or manipulated (Anderson, 2003). The author explains that most religious leaders have utilized this strategy to gain discipleship. This, in turn, illustrates the relationship between theology and psychology, and how this is brought out as a theme in the book. Further still, the book examines the role of counseling in human spirituality and religion. As the author explains, most people, especially those that are spiritually oppressed require guidance when it comes to religion. This guidance can be provided either through counselors, or through Christ, which further draws on the relationship between psychology and theology. Being spiritually or mentally oppressed means that individuals are out of touch with their spiritual side, thus requiring the help of another to regain this (Anderson, 2003). Through the help of psychology, individuals have the ability to stabilize their religious wisdom, which further illustrates the relationship between theology and psychology.
Christ as the Ultimate Counselor
Admittedly, this book concerns the provision of counseling for discipleship and throughout the book the readers are introduced to the various approaches in counseling for discipleship. Accordingly, a counselor is defined as a guide: a person who directs another in their path towards spirituality. The author explains that, in most cases, the counselor is usually a human being who seeks to help another in becoming a religious disciple. Though the author describes the counselor as taking the form of a person or a human being, it is clear that Jesus Christ is the ultimate counselor. This can be examined from two main perspectives, Christ as the counselor to the ‘human’ counselor, as well as, Christ as the counselor to the counselee (Anderson, 2003). First and foremost, it is important to understand that for one to be a counselor, he, or she must have achieved the spiritual echelon that they intend their counselee to attain. This means that the ‘human’ counselor ought to have attained this spiritual height, he or she needed to have received counseling from another.
In essence, Christ is identified as the supreme counselor in relation to discipleship (Anderson, 2003). This is because Christ provides the necessary spiritual guidance for these ‘human’ counselors to guide others, as well as, themselves in the path towards Christianity. It is through the help of Christ that these counselors can guide their counselees into achieving the life that they seek in Christ. The author explains that because Christ is not physically present to provide counseling for his believers, the Bible, which is the holy book, explains what Christ expects from his followers. By reading the Bible, individuals are, therefore, guided into the ideal, Christian way of life (Anderson, 2003). Counselors, as well as, counselees get to understand what is expected of Christians, and for that reason, allow them to practice this accordingly.
Freedom in Christ as a Contrivance of Discipleship
The third and last theme brought out in the book is the theme of freedom in Christ, especially in relation to discipleship. Chapters nine through to fifteen elucidate on the concept of freedom in Christ, as well as, the different types of freedoms that individuals can attain. Accordingly, these chapters also reveal an underlying theme regarding discipleship, which is freedom in Christ as a contrivance of discipleship. As the author explains, the journey towards achieving discipleship comes with plenty of demands and sacrifices (Garzon et al., 2009). To attain spirituality and discipleship as required, individuals need to exercise freedom in Christ, which is defined as an encounter with God that is free from unnecessary ties and attachments. In essence, freedom in Christ involves the affirmation of individuals’ identities in Christ, renouncing all lies and deceptions, opting for the truth as presented in the Bible, as well as, the resolution of any personal or spiritual conflict that made interfere with the relationship with Christ (Anderson, 2003).
By adhering to these demands of freedom in Christ, individuals are, therefore, granted the ability to walk as disciples of God. As the author explains, it is only through the freedom in Christ that individuals will have the ability to acknowledge their discipleship to Christ and God. In support of this, the author provides a list of things that individuals need to free themselves including deception, bitterness, rebellion, pride, as well as, habitual and ancestral sins (Anderson, 2003).
Conclusion
Discipleship counseling is a crucial aspect in theology and religious studies. Anderson has successfully managed to explain this concept to interested readers in his book, thus encouraging awareness and comprehension on the practice. Accordingly, the readings in Andersons book reveal three underlying themes, all of which build on the concept of discipleship counseling. Understanding the relationship between psychology and theology, Christ as the supreme counselor, as well as, freedom in Christ as a tool for discipleship enables individuals to engage in discipleship counseling accordingly.
References
Anderson, N. T. (2003). Discipleship Counseling. USA: Gospel Light.
Garzon, F. L. et al. (2009). Lay Christian Counseling and Client Expectations for Integration in
Therapy. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 28(2): 113-120.
Putman, K. & Duek, A. (2011). Community Psychology, The Church, and Theological
Perspectives: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 39(1): 183-185.
Wade, N. G. et al. (2007). Effectiveness of religiously tailored interventions in Christian therapy.
Psychotherapy Research, 17(1): 91-105.