Recent orders
Rough Draft
Kaila Laxa
Professor Gray
CRJS
30 June 2019
Rough Draft
There’s so many things on TV, our phones, the internet and so forth, that shows gruesome details and pictures of horrible things like murder and assault. Such behavior is known as criminal behavior. Criminal behavior is pretty much irregular or deviant behavior that results in unlawful acts. If society is able to comprehend that side of thinking, then they can understand why people choose to be reckless and continuously break the law. Ted Bundy for example, he was a bright, handsome, politician, also religious, and a family man. Yet, why did he murder and do all those horrible things to women?
Ted Bundy was the “it” factor, her had the picture-perfect life that most people dream about. Ted was handsome, charming, empowering, a political figure and vice president of the Methodist Youth Fellowship at his local church. While attending the University of Washington in the city of Seattle, Ted Bundy met his former girlfriend Diane Edwards (who also goes by her alias, Stephanie Brooks.) Edwards left Bundy because of his lack of ambition, thus leading to a break up. The break up was very hard on Bundy, and he dropped out of school and eventually traveled east; leading him to Burlington, Vermont. Upon Bundy’s visit to Vermont, he decided to stop by the local records clerk, thus discovering the truth about who his parents truly are.
After returning back to the state of Washington with new information about his heritage, Bundy began to be involved with the Republican party and manage the office for Nelson Rockefellers presidential campaign. During this time in 1969, he met his longtime girlfriend and former fiancé, Elizabeth Kloepfer. Fast forward to 1973, when Bundy had enrolled in law school at the University of Puget Sound. Bundy did not do well while enrolled in law school, he often skipped class and was careless with his work, leading him to drop out in the spring of 1974.
Unfortunately, these great things are not what Mr. Bundy is known and remembered for. During the summer of 1973, Bundy reconnected with his old girlfriend Diane Edwards, all while keeping his relationship current with Elizabeth Kloepfer. Being careful that the two women never learned about one another, Ted kept this up for a year and even proposed to Edwards in which she accepted. Yet a few weeks after New Years of 1974, Bundy dumped Edwards and cut all communication. From that point forward, Bundy would be remembered for being an American Serial Killer who is believed to have raped and murdered over 100 women, but only confessed to thirty. Bundy would often times get his victims to approach him by acting helpless, usually with a cane needing helping to get in or out of the car, then he would kidnap the victims, rape them, kill them and often have sex with their corpse. The trial was nationally televised, he escaped jail twice but was eventually caught, arrested and later executed in Florida by the electric chair in 1989.
Bundy was raised by his maternal grandparents. His grandparents raised him to believe that they were his parents, and his birth mother was his older sister. He often told people that he loved his grandfather and that they were very close – but when others were asked about his grandfather, they would say he was a mean and cruel man that threw stray cats by their tail, pushed his youngest daughter down the stairs for oversleeping, beat his wife, and was racist towards blacks, Jews, Catholics and Italians. Bundy committed various crimes, and from a psychological standpoint it’s because of his grandparents, but more specifically his grandfather
During his teen years and early years of being in college, Bundy was very introverted and shy. Bundy even claimed to have hit a “social development wall,” and later on saying: “I didn’t know what made things tick. I didn’t know what made people want to be friends. I didn’t know what made people attractive to one another. I didn’t know what underlay social interactions.”
Psychology theory is the psychological reason behind something, in this case: behavior. Why did Ted Bundy do these terrible things? Was he crazy? Did he grow up in the wrong home? The possibilities are endless. All in all, in order to have a better understanding behind the reason “why,” one has to search a little deeper so that the truth can come to light. In some cases, people become sex offenders because they were sexually abused as children. This could be what happened to Ted Bundy, but it’s not.
It began in the home, and from there it branched off from society, school, church and so forth. But ultimately it begins in the home. One can learn everything from the people inside the home. One can observe arguments, reactions, love, and so forth. When observing these things, one can then begin to understand or get an idea of human’s actions and feelings between one another, which can lead to understanding one’s own feelings and actions. From there, church, friends, society, social media, and much more can add to the influence that began in the home.
Therapy, CPS, speaking to someone trustworthy so that one can explain what is happening inside the home. Sometimes it’s hard for one to know or understand that what is going on inside of the home is wrong, because it may have become so normalized it’s difficult to see clearly. Being able to discuss to someone with an open mind and free of judgment is important. Having an outsider looking in, can help provide one on information as to what one might need or how one might be able to help.
Self-Control theory the ability to, “resist temptations and refrain from acting on impulses they consider to be socially or personally undesirable.” May not everyone, but most people have secret fetishes or desires that one may not want to share to the public, and that’s okay! Not everyone likes the same things. Some people don’t like anime, and some watch nothing but anime; it’s all a preference.
Society is the biggest cause for self control. People do things because society says to, or people don’t do things because society will shame them for it. In a way, it’s as if society holds everyone back from life. People want to have self control of what they want to like, but then society and judgments comes into the picture and people have to practice self control to not explode about things that are not socially acceptable.
One can help treat the cause of, by not caring about what society or any one else thinks of one’s self. It’s important to live life however which way one may desire. Exercising the ability to have free expression in a positive environment, is great way to explain the balance of a healthy home environment.
Bundy was a serial killer. He acted like a criminal. He committed crimes. He did whatever his heart desired, no matter the consequence. The very definition of true evil. “This is really the only person, after representing thousands of clients in 40 years that I would say that about. I didn’t want to believe people were born evil, but I came to the conclusion that Ted was. He had this energy about him that was clearly deceptive, very sociopathic. I got that feeling right away when I first met him. He was manipulative, he was dishonest. But at the same time, he was basically, a really good version of a used car salesman. He seemed very believable. But my intuitive side said ‘No, he’s not telling the truth about a lot of this.’” Is what Bundy’s lawyer had to say about him.
If it weren’t for his grandfather, Bundy may have not turned out to be an evil serial killer. But because this started in the home with his abusive grandfather, he developed psychological issues and did whatever he desired to these females. Lost self-control, and committed these heinous acts of cruelty.
Going hand in hand with psychological theory, his gruesome desire to torture, hurt and kill these victims were because he was able not able to have any self-control. Ted Bundy was a politician, he knew what he was doing, he knew what the repercussions were and he had the confidence based on his status, charm, and good looks, that he wouldn’t get caught.
Bibliography
http://www.personal.psu.edu/tcw5134/essay.htmlfile:///C:/Users/John%20Roque/Downloads/CriminologicalTheoriesIntroductionEvaluationApplication.pdfhttps://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/ted-bundys-defense-attorney-says-serial-killer-was-absolutely-born-evil-had-a-death-wish-in-new-dochttps://groovyhistory.com/televised-trial-serial-killer-ted-bundyhttp://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/bundy106.htm
Juvenile Justice System Evolvement
Juvenile Justice System Evolvement
Student’s Name
Institution
Juvenile Justice System Evolvement
The act of young people getting involved in unlawful conducts have prominently increased in the nation. Juvenile delinquency is a typical threat in the modern society whose roots tend to spread as time goes where large number of juvenile continue to practice immoral and illegal actions in the community. The juvenile justice system being the body involved with juvenile criminality has certainly been evolving to different capacities as well as ways of carrying out jurisdiction in the attempt to curb this devastating menace. The establishment of juvenile courts was as a result of the alarming issue of the harsh conditions that the tender people were being subjected to at the adult detention centers. The argument was that adults are hardened compared to children thus it was not just to retain all in the same prisons which were always overcrowded. In this discussion, the evolvement of juvenile justice system is illustrated into a profound extent with regards to the change of original philosophy of acting in the best interest of child as well as the standard issues experienced by the juvenile courts in acting towards providing proper and necessary services to prevent future juvenile criminality.
There before prior and in the early 19th century, there were no juvenile justice systems and the youths were prosecuted and detained in the same jurisdiction systems as the adults. Things come to be different in the late 1800s and early 1900s where the where well-programmed collection institution, as well as the juvenile court, was established. Since that era, significant changes have been evident in the juvenile justice system as a result of the increase of young people delinquency in the United States as well as other parts of the world (Cicourel, 2017). In the early decades of the nineteenth century, the collection institutions were overcrowded, and all criminals were oppressed equally without the consideration of age. It was not just, and the federal states called for intervention where the young people could be retained at different collection centers.
The number of juveniles in collection institutions increased leading to overcrowding in these facilities where the offenders could be taken to adults justice systems for prosecution regarding the intensity and kind of the offense. Later, this system was questioned to be unfair as the juries could judge youths depending on the mood and temperament at that particular scenario. It significantly leads to the necessity of the nation developing advanced juvenile justice system where both the collection institutions and the juvenile courts are related and are entirely responsible for dealing with young people criminality as well as providing appropriate jurisdiction. The first collection institution was started in Cook County Illinois back in the year 1899, and they effectively spread to other parts of the nation. The establishment of juvenile courts that could significantly work for hand on hand with the collection institutions became the unifying factor in the juvenile jurisdiction system (Thompson & Morris 2016).
Later, after the invention of the juvenile courts, the “best interest” philosophy was adopted. It suggested that the judiciary bodies have to conduct jurisdiction with the best interest of the child to ensure that the juveniles are not victimized but instead natured to enhance their proper and upright growth. The intention of putting young people in detention was not punishment according to the law but shaping and rectifying their behaviors to better people who can later be productive in the society. During this decade there was mandatory prosecution for the juveniles as well as well as long-term or future imprisonment sentences. Things continued to be the same for the next sixty years when the government saw the importance of rectifying this juvenile jurisdiction system as it was not working out well as time goes. The necessity of changing juvenile prosecution was because of the increased young people delinquency which was possibly perpetuated by the appealing philosophy of best interest of the child in conducting jurisdiction.
In the 1960s the nation abandoned the ‘best interest” philosophy due to the alarming increase in youth delinquency and adopted harsher juvenile justice system. It was viewed as the appropriate solution to the increased intensity of young people criminality in the society. Under this particular juvenile justice system, the criminals could be prosecuted in consideration of the crime committed, and there was a possibility of a life sentence as well as murder (Emerson, 2017). There before the youths took advantage of the best interest of child philosophy and get involved in wide variety of illegality as at the end, they will not be punished but taken to collection institutions where they could be subjected to a friendly environment. The later adopted philosophy was not after giving the criminals the best interest but adhering to the maintenance of the federal state law and order. Therefore, in the process of shaping the juvenile’s behavior, they could be significantly subjected to the appropriate punishment. The intention of this kind of juvenile justice system in incorporating fear to the young people who had increasingly tended to go against the law.
Immediately, after the introduction of the harsher juvenile jurisdiction system, the number of youths getting involved in criminality decreased for a while. However, later in the 1980s and 90s the percentage of teenage delinquency significantly increased at a higher rate. The constitutional law regarding juvenile jurisdiction was adhered to and even made harsher, but the case tends to incur any change in the society. Youth delinquency since then up to date takes an increasing trend which seems not to fluctuate at any time. Research has put it clear that poverty, as well as the modern ways of livelihood, instigate the actions of young people being involved in criminal acts as a way of earning a living. The case is different here and has significantly developed to a greater extent where juvenile commit serious offenses such as murder and drug trafficking among many others.
Currently, the juvenile justice system does not adhere to the best interest of the child due to the erosion of moral values and increment of social immorality (Guarino-Ghezzi, 2017). The original jurisdiction system was only focused on enhancing the juvenile’s right way of living by significantly improving their social-economic living standards. The following juvenile justice system aimed at maintaining law and order of the society where punishment and prosecution were done similarly to that adult criminal justice. The current jurisdiction system tent to apply both the prior strategies where prosecution is done per the law and order measures as well as different programs being adopted to improve the social and economic life of the youths. It is right that both these two juvenile justice system failed, but the question is will the current jurisdiction strategy be much useful in curbing delinquency among the young people? Its efficacy will lead to a socially stable society where the only minimum number of young people get involved in the unethical conducts where a good number adhere to the law.
In the attempt of providing proper and necessary services to children to reduce their ability to commit a future crime, the juvenile courts have adopted some sound strategies. Among the common issues experienced in rectifying the behaviors of delinquent young people include providing training and education as well as taking them to rehabilitation centers. Training juveniles who are in custody equip them with different skills and ideas of utilizing the natural resources productively as well as ceasing the guilt after the release as they have something valuable to offer to the community that will help them earn a living. Many of these juveniles are prosecuted due to their actions of drug abuse and trafficking. Therefore, taking them to the rehabilitation centers for a specific duration of imprisonment is sound and effective in curbing their criminal be in future (Aizer & Doyle 2015). Also, by educating the delinquent children, they get the knowledge that helps them to distinguish between the right and the wrong as well as being equipped with appropriate skills which they can use productively to improve the social-economic and political society.
As discussed above, there has been significant evolvement of the juvenile justice system in the nation since the late 19th century up to date. The abandoning of the best interest of the child original jurisdiction philosophy to one focused on law and order at the mid-1900s set the pace towards reducing juvenile delinquency in the community. Change is inevitable but always better when adopted in a right way as it is the case with the current minor jurisdiction system where children are taught to maintain law as well as equipped with significant skills.
References
Aizer, A., & Doyle Jr, J. J. (2015). Juvenile incarceration, human capital, and future crime: Evidence from randomly assigned judges. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(2), 759-803.
Cicourel, A. (2017). The social organization of juvenile justice. Routledge.
Guarino-Ghezzi, S. (2017). Balancing juvenile justice. Routledge.
Emerson, R. M. (2017). Judging delinquents: Context and process in juvenile court. Routledge.
Taylor, R. (2014). Juvenile justice: Policies, programs, and practices. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Thompson, K. C., & Morris, R. J. (2016). History of the Juvenile Justice System. In Juvenile Delinquency and Disability (pp. 55-72). Springer, Cham.
Juvenile Justice in the Twenty-First Century
Juvenile Justice in the Twenty-First CenturyStudent’s Name
Institution
Juvenile Justice in the Twenty-First Century
Juvenile delinquency is a common vice in the society today where a significantly large number of youths are typically involved in unlawful deeds which makes them face law actions under the juvenile courts. The troublesome action of meeting the juvenile justice service incurs adverse social-economic effects to the young people making the vulnerable to commit related crime in future especially during their adulthood as well as increasing the probability of moving out of school and not seeking high-level education. Also, juvenile criminality hinders the millenniums from acquiring decent job opportunities due to unethical and untrustworthy reputation as well as impacting their social life reducing the possibility of getting stable marriages and starting families. However, the developing reforms over the past centuries have signified better results which are to improve and facilitated in the twenty-first century to create an effective juvenile justice system which creates safe and protective community that takes the role of supporting all the children to grow up responsibly.
It is evident that Jurisdiction, political pressure as well as economic actualities have enhanced positive change in the juvenile system shifting it from the expensive, ineffective and harsh practices to more transformed ways which aim at rectifying the adolescent behaviors into self-responsible characters (Valentine, 2017). In this paper, juvenile justice in the twenty-first century is discussed into an in-depth extent with regards to the significant reforms such as enhancing fairness and due process, the act of not treating kids as adults and providing options more that justice system. Moreover, minimizing incarceration and its effects as well as equilibrating personal accountability, youth development and public safety are considered as they all have the objective to improve the juvenile justice system.
To precisely understand the juvenile justice system in the current century, it is essential to Look at the history line of development regarding various reform waves seen in the United States since the nineteenth century. All of four reforms have a similar aim focused on improving the juvenile jurisdiction in the nation as a way of curbing youth criminality and irresponsibility in the society. The first reform wave experienced during the late nineteenth century had the rehabilitative approach reflected in the recent reforms that children are arbitrary different from adults, making them a bit little self-responsible of their deeds and they do not deserve the same punishment as the mature individuals. Also, the reform was aimed at protecting the youths and putting in resources for their future. The second transformation wave was around the mid-twentieth century where the Supreme Court provided against juvenile self-implication as well as the right to counsel and antagonize witnesses.
Increased number of juvenile delinquencies between the 1980s and early 1990s provoked the development of the third reform wave which had the objectives of enhancing retributive and harsh laws which were not oriented towards rehabilitation. The fourth reform wave was established at around 1990s after the government realization of the high expenditure and social costs confinement in the juvenile system (Spohn, 2015). It significantly stipulated the policy of holding an individual accountable for his or her offense in the appropriate ways which facilitates public safety, minimizes reoffending as well as resulting to significant outcomes beneficial to the community, families and the children at the individual level.
The first category of the reforms during the twenty-first century involves reduction of imprisonment and its negative impacts on the youth victims. Reducing incarceration is one of the most critical and cost-effective approaches that many states in the United States of America have adopted in the modern days. Instead of spending relevant high finances for keeping up juveniles in custody, the funds are invested in youth development programs in the community such as rehabilitation as well as sports and games. These activities keep youths involves at most of their leisure time thus are not much vulnerable to committing crimes as it was the case in the prior century. It facilitated drastic reduction of juvenile arrests in the society as the as the programs initiated have the responsibility of treating and supervising youths in the community developing self-actualization and spirit of self-responsibility (Phelps, 2016). The providence of education, rehabilitation, healthcare and conducive environment to the juvenile under detention is an important aspect that will significantly impact their ways of doing things. These services emerge to be forsaken by many states as they treat the confined youths as criminals and less humane. Providing professional tutors, health inspectors, as well as entertainment facilities, is fundamental as it enhances their development in a civilized way that will enable them quickly adapt to normal life after their release. The juveniles who go through whole structure juvenile system programs in the modern society attain high education standards and skills which increases the chances of getting good employment in future ceasing the capabilities of reoffending.
The act of treating youths as children and not as adults is another significant reform that leads to the development of the juvenile justice system. It is right that at times the juvenile commits serious offenses like adults, but the fact remains they are less competent and more prone to change leaving them less blameless than the adult. The recognition that children are not as responsible as the adults regarding knowledge and experience makes some judicially address the competency issue directly in their juvenile laws while other go to the extent of referring it to the mental health evaluations. Another fundamental aspect of this category is the act of giving children a chance to rectify their behaviors. It is done through rehabilitation as young people are dynamic and learn from their past and surrounding environments which will eventually lead to changes in their characters.
Therefore, the Supreme Court’s action of banning death sentences, life without parole for non-homicide crimes and mandatory penalties without conditional release for any offenses against the juveniles are sound (Monahan, et al. 2015). It is justified because children’s concise and cognitive is lower than of the adults thus, the need for daily intervention to teach them the right ways of doing things. The act of putting youths together with adults during confinement is harmful to their present and future life. Therefore, the act of keeping children out of the adult’s criminal justice systems is essential as in separate detention where they are treated as per their youth age will facilitate their development contrary to being an environment where they are taken as mature people. This policy is enhanced through making the process of bringing back children to juvenile courts from the adult justice system more comfortable and establishing the procedure for taking them to adult detainments difficult. Also, age raising at the juvenile jurisdiction system as well as holding youths charged as adults in the juvenile system will reduce instances of children being imprisoned in the adults’ justice system.
The providence of options more than youths undergoing the legal jurisdiction under the juvenile justice system will be a solution to children criminality in the society. The more the children are involved in the justice system the troublesome it becomes to the victims. Therefore, the implementation of openings for diversion at every phase of jurisdiction will increase the chances of avoiding youths’ detainment. The first step will be the prevention of criminality and intervention at the early stages which significantly prevents juveniles from committing crimes that might lead to legal actions. Continued coordination of children’s welfare at the school, with family and friends as well as in juvenile justice system will effectively act as a hindrance to the commitment of delinquencies among the youths. Other alternatives apart from facing juvenile jurisdiction involves allocation of finances to rehabilitation where the detained could be taken after a certain period as well as other social centers offering homage services to homeless children found by the police. Family interventions, as well as disciplinary enforcement in school, are also relevant actions towards developing good children behaviors by shaping and teaching them the right conducts during their tender age which will significantly curb the tendency of crime committed.
Racial and ethical disparities in the juvenile justice system is a new challenge that deprives fairness and due process in the body. For instance, the number of African-American youth detained in both juvenile and adult justice systems is higher than that of the Native Americans. To deal with the issues, the state governments have come up with ways of analyzing data to determine when the minorities are not fairly treated as well as training police officers on how to fairly deal with the minority juvenile (Guarino-Ghezzi, 2017). Also, the act of coming up with cultural sensitive analysis programs that will help to identify the needs and risks of the young people at the individual level. The due procedure of the offenders is radically being improved where the training is offered to the attorneys dealing with relevant cases to enhance their skills and competence on their line of duty. It can be improved by making sure that every youth have been appointed an attorney, setting performance standards of the lawyers and allowing all children regardless of the racial and ethnical differences to take part in health and mental assessment without fear.
Additionally, equilibrating juvenile self-responsibility, public safety, and development is another reform program reform that facilitates juveniles’ welfare to their future forecasts. The positive results of change and development will impact the individual, family members and the community in general. It is done through individual focusing, coordinating agencies as well as enhancing restorative and fair justice. Focusing at a victim at the personal level is more effective in skill addition and counseling in contrast to the act of addressing youth issues in general through the use of force as it was the case during the previous reform wave. It facilitates identifying problems of a particular juvenile and trying to deal with his or her case personally to ensure that the specific youth will not commit a crime again. Restorative and fair balance approach enhances community accountability and protection which facilitates self-responsibility as the children develop (Bersani & Doherty, 2018).The measures to enforce the reform includes developing strategies to build social competencies and youth skills as well as reimbursing victims for their losses and damages. Some states in the country have developed multidisciplinary teams to create advanced and coordinated strategies to cope up with risks majorly involving youths for the youths who are currently in the juvenile systems as well as those who might find their way in the organizations in future.
Juvenile justice systems reforms are evident in the twenty-first century which is vastly adopted in both the urban and rural states of the United States. The developments are useful in the modern society as per their objectives enhancing fair treatment of juvenile regardless of the ethnicity, the systems adhering to the fact that children are different from adults and increased interventions among the families, teachers and the entire community in general. Therefore, the development of the juvenile system facilitates proper children growth regarding competence and self-responsibility which is significant in curbing juvenile delinquencies both in the current and future youth generation.
References
Bersani, B. E., & Doherty, E. E. (2018). Desistance from offending in the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 311-334.
Guarino-Ghezzi, S. (2017). Balancing juvenile justice. Routledge.
Monahan, K., Steinberg, L., & Piquero, A. R. (2015). Juvenile justice policy and practice: A developmental perspective. Crime and justice, 44(1), 577-619.
Phelps, M. S. (2016). Possibilities and contestation in twenty-first-century US criminal justice downsizing.
Spohn, C. (2015). Race, crime, and punishment in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Crime and Justice, 44(1), 49-97.
Valentine, G. (2017). Public space and the culture of childhood. Routledge.