Recent orders
Revenue from operations
Hooper co. income statement For the year ended Dec 31, 2018
Revenue from operations 90,000
Total operating income $90,000
Less: Operating expenses 26,000 Salaries 900 Provision for doubtful debts 26,900
Total operating expenses $26,900
Net operating income $63,100
Add: Non-operating income 100
Net income $63,200
Hooper company balance sheet as at Dec 31,2018
Assets
Cash 90,000
Notes receivable 20,000
Accounts receivables 12,000 Less: Provision for doubtful debts 900 11,100
Accrued interests 100
Total assets 121,200
Liabilities
Shareholder’s equity Common stock 60,000
Retained earnings Opening Add: Net income 63,200 Less: Dividend 2,000 61,200
Total stakeholders equity 121,200
Total liabilities and stakeholder’s equity 121,200
Hooper co. Cash flow statement for the year ended Dec 31,2018
Cash flow from operating activities
Inflows from customers 78,000 Outflows for expenses (26,000) Net cash-flows from investing activities $52,000
Cash flow from investing activities
Loaned to mosby co. (20,000) Net cash flow from investing activities $20,000
Cash flow from financing activities
Issue of common stock 60,000 Dividend paid (2,000) Net cash flow from financing activities $58,000
Net change in cash 90,000
Beginning cash (Add) Ending cash balance $90,000
Usability challenges that faced during implementation of HIT system
HIT Usability and Design Challenges
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Usability challenges that faced during implementation of HIT system
As a clinical administrator tasked with implementing, the case study given on new health information technology system, I faced a number of challenges during implementation process. The challenges include sophisticated user interface that is harder for users to understand, ineffective use of on-line help with context searching of different topics and poorly designed command menu structure that did not take into an account the use of short cut keys for experienced users. The system also lacked the aspect of user friendliness in terms of design skills, design terminology used as well as lack of consistency in menu design. Another usability challenge was lack of simpler and quick way to navigate between documents.
Factors that caused the challenges
The factors that led to the above challenges include poor human computer interaction (HCI), human factors, failure to include users in the development stages, concerns experienced during implementation and design failure. The main cause of nearly all problems in this case is the failure to include users of the system in the development process. This led to lack of straight forwardness in the implementation process. The users’ opinions can be very significant in all stages of implementation process especially at the design and testing stages. Since no user opinion was considered in this case, the result was a system that is not user friendly to health staff users.
Another important cause is the human factors which can be summarized into display and control. The display factor is where device like computer screen provides the user with information when needed. The final system was found to have very poor display to the individual users. The control part of human factors involves the use of devices such as keyboard or mouse to allow an individual or user to take an action. This was partially possible since menus were designed without considering short cut commands that permits communication with the keyboard.
Another cause is the poor aspects of human computer interaction. In this case, the human computer interaction (HCI) part of the system lacks significant principles such as consistency, predictability, satisfaction, and simplicity among many others that enhances user friendliness of the system. Poor interface design leads to lack of consistency especially in menus which varied from the expected standard and type of menu commands that are inherent in variety of applications. The complexity in the use of hard to remember commands and other features compromises the HCI principle of simplicity. The fact that the system is harder to understand by users makes it hard for them to predict how the system is likely to respond while executing a given command. As a result, users lack satisfaction with the total system. It should therefore be noted that all the challenges originated from two main factors namely, user absence in the implementation process a as well as in the design aspect.
It is thus safe to say that the challenges experience were as a result of design issues. The absence of users during the development cycle implies that the total system design was made without any opinion of the user. In other words, the design was not user centered. All the flaws that existed in the design were thus carried forward up to the final implementation stage. This is because, the final product implemented should be the exact blue print of the design.
Strategies for overcoming these usability challenges
The first strategy is to ensure that users are involved at all stages of development cycle right from the requirements acquisition, analysis, design, coding, and testing and implementation stages. This will ensure that users are well familiar with the system and its features. As a result, the system is likely to be user friendly to them even if it may contain some complexities and other problems. Second is that good user training should be conducted during and after implementation to make them more acquainted with the system. Third is to ensure that HCI design principles are applied in the design process of system interface for better simplicity, consistency, and user friendliness among others. Last but not least, the development team should strictly follow the system development stages straight forward from the start to the end without overlooking any phase.
References
The constitution is one of the highest symbols of unity
History
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The Constitution
The constitution is one of the highest symbols of unity that acts to protect the citizens of a country. The constitution was set up to make the new government strong enough such that it could be able to promote commerce and as well protect the properties of the United States citizens. The constitution also is responsible for the prevention of the threats that gets imposed by the excessive democracy, thereby regulating the abuse of democracy and its meaning. In encouraging the popular consent of the constitution, the House of Representatives is designed such that it is directly responsible to the people while the Senate against the potential for the excessive in the house. The United States Constitution provides a direct popular election of the representatives besides the protection of its citizens’ rights and liberties. The constitution grants the Congress important and influential powers while any power not enumerated in the texts is reserved for the States. The Constitution was designed to institute a presidency with energy capable of making timely and decisive actions in regards to the public interests. The framers of the constitution established the Supreme Court that would be responsible for the nationalizing the governmental powers as well as checking the radical democratic impulses while at the same time guiding against the potential interference with the liberty and the property of the new national government itself.
The framers’ concerns are addressed by the various provisions of the constitution of national unity and power including the clause for the promotion of reciprocity among the state. The amendment of the constitution is not an easy process as the procedures for the amendment found in Article V are so difficult and difficult. Among the first ten amendments to the constitution included the adoption of the bill of rights in the year 1791. The principle of separation of powers in the constitution guards against possible misuse of power basing it on Montesquieu’s theory that power must be used to balance power. The balancing of power is overseen through devising a system of two sovereigns to which include the states and the central government.
The rights of criminally accused
Just like every other individual is entitled to the rights and freedoms in the constitution, the same applies to the criminally accused individuals. The fourth, fifth, sixth as well as the eighth amendments are the essence of the due process of the law stipulating the rights of every citizen against arbitrary actions by the national as well as the states governments. The core purpose of the due process is the leveling of the playing field between the accused person and the all-powerful state and thereby defining the limits of the government’s action against the personal liberty of every citizen. According to the American traditions, it is far worse to convict an innocent person than setting a guilty person free, to which the judicial systems hold the values.
The fourth amendment of the constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, to which controversies have been raised against the issue regarding the drug-related searches, the DNA evidence as well as the government surveillance. The Fifth Amendment requires the grand of the jury for the majority of for the majority of the crimes, protecting against double jeopardy and provides for the section stipulating that one cannot testify by force against oneself. The other fundamental clause of the fifth regards the takings clause to which extends to each citizen protection against the taking of private property without just compensation. The purpose of the clause is to assert limits on the powers of the eminent domain through procedures that require the showing of a public purpose and the provision of the payments that are fair in the event of seizure of a person’s property. The sixth amendment requires a speedy trial to the accused as well as the right to witnesses and counsel. The eighth amendment prohibits on the cruel and the unusual punishment, with the possession of a significant challenge in the interpretation in that what is considered cruel and unusual varies from culture to culture as well as from generation to another.
The media, government and public opinion
There are important forces that contribute to the shaping of the opinions in the marketplace of ideas, and they include the government, the news media as well as the private groups. The effect on the public opinion can be limited despite the efforts of all the governments to try to influence, manipulate or even manage the citizens’ beliefs. Majority of the ideas that happen to become more prominent in the political life are mostly developed and even spread by the economic and the political groups to which search for issues responsible for the advancing their cause. The media is regarded as the opinion maker through their potential impact of interpretation of the events. The relationship between the public opinion and the government policy his dynamic as the policy responds to the opinion and the opinions tend to shift based on the new government policies. More affluent and educated citizens may have a disproportionate influence over politics and the public policies decision due to their tendency to vote at higher rates and therefore are more likely to contribute money to the political campaigns.
In measuring the public opinion, the politicians and the public officials make extensive use of the public opinion polls which aids them in making decisions. For a political survey to be an accurate representation of the people, appropriate sampling method, sufficient sample size and the avoidance of the selection bias should be emphasized. Big data and the social media offer new ways of measuring public opinions on a mass scale. The pollsters are capable of inferring the opinions based on the online trend, and both parties maintain massive databases that track the activities from voting behavior to consumer preferences.