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SOC CH 17-18 Short Response
Chapter 17
Social conflict (power elite) best describes the US political institution. According to conflict theory, the continual class struggle that exists in society as a result of unequal resource distribution is the primary focus of study. By highlighting the causes and consequences of the class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat, Karl Marx is credited with advancing this theory in the nineteenth century. As a result of the injustices faced by populations living inside unequal class structures, there is continual conflict throughout society. Thus, there is a constant conflict between the bourgeoisie class, which dominates the economy at its highest levels, and the working class or proletariat class. Consequently, according to conflict theory, the uneven distribution of resources is maintained by intellectual coercion, in which the bourgeoisie coerces the proletariat into accepting the current situation. As a result, conflict theory is largely concerned with this battle between classes. Specifically, it explains how resource scarcity causes class differences in a society, and how this separation is sustained by control and force rather than consensus and compliance, rather than consensus and compliance. In order to retain their positions of wealth and power, according to conflict theory, persons in positions of wealth and power resort to whatever measures required, most notably oppressing the poor and weak. This is the way the US society functions. For example, the education and health systems in the US point to the differences between social classes, with better systems for the upper social classes leading to social stratification.
Chapter 18
The US government intervenes to offer some direct benefits. For example, the regulation of the interest rate through adjustment of the costs of borrowing money directly means that I pay lower interest rates to all forms of borrowing. More directly, I can benefit through government intervention to offer free education. Additionally, strategic planning on infrastructure means that I have better access to necessities such as internet, better connectivity, and other vital elements that intervention enables.
From the video, the state of the establishment, the management, and a lack of fire preparedness can be said to have aggravated the Triangle Fire. The lack of a no-smoking policy inside the company allowed a company worker to smoke without regard to the dangers therein. The management is responsible for having a locked-door policy without regard for emergencies. Lack of fire preparedness also meant that there was chaos during the fire. Some of the consequences for work and labor as a result of the tragedy is that factories need to have evacuation plans, adequate fire plans, and sprinkler systems. The resultant effects were shorter work hours, unionization, safety reforms, and legislation that improved the lives of workers.
In my opinion, this tragedy is a lesson on poor social policies. The fact that the matter dragged for that long is a testament to the plight of the weak and poor in the society. Had the same happened to upper social class members, the response would have been quicker. Social conflict looks at such matters that relate to resource distribution.
Peer Response
I see your reasoning on structural functionalism as the best perspective describing the US political institutions to be elaborate. However, the description on white people not going to jail for criminal acts is a bit overstretched. While there are institutional racism citations, the functions within the nation are stable and based on precedence. That said, your personal description of the Triangle fire is eye opening and a point of reference in the future. The incident, indeed, led to effective legislations that have defined worker protection today and the role of unions.
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Students Name
Professors Name
Name of Course/College
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Introduction:
All good papers begin with an introductory paragraph. You will introduce your organism by name and basic information.
1590675144145Be sure that in-text citations follow APA guidelines.
00Be sure that in-text citations follow APA guidelines.
Description of the Microorganism :
Write a paragraph or so describing your organism. Please be sure to include the type of organism (bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoa, helminth, etc), morphology (shape, arrangement, colony morphology if applicable), description of structure (gram result, type of nucleic acid or virion structure, spore type, etc if applicable) and also the type of microscope and/or stain you would use to view the organism. Please use proper scientific terminology and good grammar and sentence structure throughout this project.
Virulence Factors:
Include a paragraph on the virulence factors the pathogen has and how they affect the host. Please enhance this with detailed explanations of the virulence factors and how they affect the host as you gain a better understanding of them throughout the semester.
Immunity:
Which defenses protect us from infection by this bacterium? Include information about specific barriers or cells. Does this pathogen induce a specific type of immune response (example: delayed-type hypersensitivity)? If so, which one(s)?
Infectious disease information:
What condition(s) or infectious diseases does it cause? Which tissues or organs are affected, and how are they affected (for example, chronic TB is characterized by lung tubercles)? Describe the complications that can result if the infection is left untreated. Are these acute, chronic, or latent infections? What organ system(s) does it infect? Is it an opportunistic pathogen? If so, where is it normally found in the body?
Epidemiology:
Draw and label an original diagram on how this organism is transmitted. Make sure you include the reservoirs of infection, and vectors in involved in transmission, the type of transmission and the portals of entry and exit.
Prevention:
Is there a childhood vaccine against this microbe? Name the vaccine. If so, when is it administered (the recommended schedule, including boosters)? If the vaccine is not recommended during childhood, which at-risk group should get the vaccine, and when? Describe the type of vaccine and how it works. If there is no vaccine available, list at least three measures that can be implemented to prevent transmission of this infection.
Treatment:
What Chemotherapeutic agents are recommended? Mechanism of action for these chemotherapeutic agents. Why this agent is efficacious against this organism? Additional therapeutic agents or practices if any. This could include supportive care.
Clinical Relevance:
Are there any Multi-Drug Resistant strains of this microorganism? If so, name the strain(s). Is this strain a known healthcare-associated pathogen? Which persons/procedures within a clinical or healthcare-assisted settings are particularly at risk? Which antibiotics are used against the MDR strains? Be specific.
Conclusion:
Wrap everything up. A good academic research paper should bring everything full circle with a solid conclusion.
References:
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Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Illness
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Illness
Introduction
According to statistics, 20.6% of adults in the United States have suffered a mental health illness accounting for 51.5 million people and 1 in every five adults. In 2017, 16.5% of youths between 6 and 17 years had a mental health disorder. Mental illness or disorders refers to various mental health issues that affect a person’s mood, behavior, and thinking. Mental health issues range from anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, and addictive behaviors. While many people tend to encounter mental health issues occasionally, they tend to be of concern when ongoing symptoms lead to frequent stress and interfere with one’s ability to function. This essay discusses the signs and symptoms, causes, and diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of mental illnesses tend to vary depending on the disorder and circumstance. The symptoms associated with mental illnesses affect thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Some of the symptoms associated with depression include feeling down or sad, having suicidal thoughts, and reduced concentration. People with mental health disorders display excessive hostility, anger, and extreme feelings of guilt (Mannarini & Rossi, 2019). Further, they have high sex drive changes and show extreme shifts in moods. Additionally, they show significant extremes in their eating habits and withdraw from the company of friends and keep to themselves. Moreover, they have struggle with alcohol and substance abuse. They show low energy, significant tiredness or problems sleeping. People with mental health issues struggle relating to and understanding other people’s situations. Other common symptom of mental illness is delusions, paranoia, and detachment from reality. Also, people with mental health issues are incapable of coping with stress and daily problems.
Causes
Mental health issues are caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Inherited traits are one of the known causes of mental illness. Mental illness is common among blood relatives that have mental illness. Some genes exacerbate people’s risk of developing mental health issues. At the same time, a person’s life situation has the ability to trigger an illness. Another cause of mental illness is brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters tend to be brain occurring chemicals that transmit signals to the brain and other parts of the brain. When the networks that carry these signals gets impaired, the function of nerve systems and nerve receptors change triggering emotional disorders such as depression. Another common cause of mental illness is environmental exposures that take place before birth. Sometimes when a fetus is exposed to inflammatory conditions, environmental sensors, toxins, drugs and alcohol while still in the womb, it becomes a probable cause for mental illness in the future (Chiles, Stefanovics, & Rosenheck, 2017). Worth noting, there are various risk factors that increase the probability of developing a mental illness, such as a previous mental illness, a proven history of a blood relative that suffers mental illness, and traumatic encounters. Other risk factors include having few friends and healthy relationships, financial problems, a stressful life, and a history of abuse or neglect in childhood. Ongoing illnesses like diabetes, brain damage, and recreational drugs and alcohol use are also possible risk factors for mental illnesses. While mental illness can affect a person at any age in their life, majority of the cases start during early life.
Diagnosis and Treatment
When it comes to diagnosing mental illness there are three main types of diagnosis. A doctor may perform a physical exam on the patient where they rule out physical issues that cause their symptoms. Laboratory tests can also be carried out. An example would be screening for drugs and alcohol and checking the thyroid function. The third diagnosis is a carrying out the physical evaluation. Here, the patient talks with a mental health professional or doctor concerning their feelings, thoughts, symptoms, and behavior patterns. The patient may be requested to fill a questionnaire that will help get answers to all the doctor’s questions. Worth noting, while determining the exact mental illness that one may be having, taking the effort and time to do so is important as it helps decide an appropriate treatment for the illness. Treatment of mental health illness always depends on the specific illness that a patient is suffering from, its severity and what works best for them. The patient is only suffering from mild mental illness, and the symptoms are well controlled, then primary care treatment should be sufficient. However, team approach is always important as it ensures the patients social, medical, and psychiatric needs are met. This is true for mental health illnesses that tend to be very severe, like schizophrenia. Some people who make part of the treatment team include a family doctor, physician, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, social worker, psychotherapist, or family members. Although they do not cure the illness, medications have proved to significantly reduce the symptoms of mental illness (Salifu Yendork, Brew, Sarfo, & Kpobi, 2018). Common medications include antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, mood stabilizers, and anti-anxiety medications. Additionally, psychotherapy, residential treatment programs, and substance use treatments have also proved helpful in treating mental illness.
Conclusion
In closing, mental illnesses are diseases that affect a person’s mood and behavior. Mental illness can affect a person at any point in their life, but they primarily affect a person in an early ages. Some of the common cause of mental illness includes brain chemistry, inherited traits, and environmental exposures that occur before birth. Common symptoms of mental health problems include chronic anxiety, impulsive actions, changes in mood, erratic thinking, and an exaggerated sense of self-worth. If a person experiences any signs and symptoms of mental illness, they should talk to a doctor or primary care practitioner as soon as possible.
References
Chiles, C., Stefanovics, E., & Rosenheck, R. (2017). Attitudes of students at a US medical school toward mental illness and its causes. Academic Psychiatry, 41(3), 320-325.
Mannarini, S., & Rossi, A. (2019). Assessing mental illness stigma: a complex issue. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2722.
Salifu Yendork, J., Brew, G. B., Sarfo, E. A., & Kpobi, L. (2018). Mental illness has multiple causes: beliefs on causes of mental illness by congregants of selected neo-prophetic churches in Ghana. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 21(7), 647-666.