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Bill Tracking

GOVT 2306Bill Tracking Assignment

Assignment Overview

Students will pick and report on one of the legislative bills from the 86th Texas state legislative session.

Students will take a position on whether they support the bill passing or not.

In order to support their position, students will need to conduct research and provide information about the proposed legislation.

Assignment Parts

Bill Tracking Activity homework assignments completed in BlackBoard (25 points)

One-paragraph summary of chosen bill submitted in BlackBoard (25 Points)

Four-page Bill Tracking Paper (100 points)

Bill Tracking Video Assignment Submission (50 points)

Assignment Schedule

The schedule for this assignment is:

Step Action Date Points

1 Complete the Bill Tracking Assignment Orientation October 18, 2020 5

2 Choose a bill from the list provided or one that has been approved by Professor Giglio. October 18, 2020 0

3 Complete the online Bill Tracking Activities October 18, 2020 20

4 Submit a one-paragraph summary of the bill in eCampus. November 1, 2020 25

5 Submit completed bill information paper November 29, 2020 100

6 Submit bill tracking video assignment December 6, 2020 50

Texas Legislature Online

Access information about the bills in the reports section of the Texas Legislature Online (TLO) at https://capitol.texas.gov/Reports/General.aspx When you are looking for information on the TLO website, make sure that you are looking for your bill in the 86(R)-2019 list. This represents the 86th regular legislative session.

Content of the research

Position

When the paper is submitted, a position on passage of the proposed legislation needs to be included. While the student might start the research process with one opinion, it is perfectly okay to change that opinion through gathering and analyzing research on the topic. By the time the paper is written, a decision has to be made about support or opposition to the bill. This will become your thesis position.

Details About the Issue – The following prompts can be used to guide the student research and writing. Due to the variety of bills that are being researched, not all of this information is readily available about all of the bills. Students can add additional information if they find something interesting and relevant about their particular bill.

What will the proposed legislation do?

Include some background or history as to why this bill might have been proposed. Why did this issue rise to the point that it needed to be proposed as legislation in the Texas state legislature?

Explain how this bill relates to larger state and/or national issues.

All bills have proponents and opponents. Discuss those who support the proposal and those who are against it and explain the positions of the different sides. (Sponsors, special interests, opponents, etc.)

What are the political pressures for or against the legislation? (Political party positions, reelection concerns, etc.)

Consider the constitutionality of the proposed bill. If the bill passed, might the state have to defend the resulting legislation in court? Look the issue up, it might already be involved in litigation.

Details About the Bill Process –

Provide an overview of the history of the bill from the “Bill Stages” tab. Where did the bill end in the legislative process?

Was there a companion bill introduced in the other chamber?

Provide a conclusion that brings together the research to support the thesis position.

Structure of the Paper

1) Length and Style:

MLA format required

To cover the content, a minimum length is four (4) full written pages and a works cited page.

2) Sources:

At least four (4) credible, unique sources must be used. (Texas legislature online website and the class textbook count as sources. Periodicals count as sources.)

Wikipedia and Google are NOT sources in and of themselves.

Include citations for ALL sources used. A separate works cited page MUST be included, along with short form, in-text citations (parenthetical) citations within the paper.

3) Submission:

The paper must be turned in via eCampus in .doc or .docx format.

This assignment must be turned in on time to be eligible for full credit.

86(R) – 2019 Bills for Bill Tracking Assignment

(Students can choose from the list below or submit a bill choice to Professor Giglio for approval if the bill they would like to work on is not listed below.)

Issue – Elections and voter access

SB9 – Relating to elections and voter access including penalties for voting when ineligible

Issue – School Safety

SB11 – Relating to school safety and mental health promotion

Issue – Raise the smoking age to 21

SB21 – Relating to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and tobacco products.

Issue – Defunding Abortion Providers

SB22 – prohibiting certain transactions between a governmental entity and an abortion provider

Issue – Protecting religious liberties versus discrimination

SB 1978 – the protection of membership in, affiliation with, and support provided to religious organizations. (“Save Chick-fil-A Bill”)

Issue – School financing

HB 3 – Relating to public school finance and public education. (Also see SB 4)

Issue – Rape kit backlog

HB 8 – Relating to the criminal statute of limitations for certain sexual offenses and the collection, analysis, and preservation of evidence of sexual assault. (Lavinia Masters Act)

Issue – Management of a fetus after abortion

HB 16 – Enforcement of rights of an unborn child; creating penalties.

Issue – Reducing the penalties for marijuana possession

HB 63 – Relating to penalties for possession of small amounts of marihuana.

Issue – Abortion

HB 896 – Relating to prohibiting abortion.

Issue – Death Penalty

HB 1139 – Applicability of the death penalty to an offense committed by a person with an intellectual disability.

Issue – Curfew

HB 1332 – Repeal of the authority of political subdivisions to adopt or enforce juvenile curfews.

Issue – Bail Reform

HB 2020 – Relating to the release of defendants on bail.

Issue – Medical Marijuana

HB 3703 – Relating to the prescription of low-THC cannabis for medical use by certain qualified physicians to patients with certain medical conditions.

Issue – Extending the statute of limitations for sex abuse lawsuits

HB 3809 – Limitation period for personal injury claims from offenses involving child sexual abuse.Information about bills can be gathered from several sources. There are thousands of bills introduced in the legislature each session, so wading through the options can be cumbersome. Some possible sources to look for additional information about bills are:

Major Issues of the 86th Legislature is published by the House Research Organization (HRO). The HRO overview highlights legislation on major topics, including bills that did not pass, and features extensive analysis and statements by supporters and opponents.

Summary of Enactment 86th Legislature 2019 is published by the Texas Legislative Council (TLC). The TLC overview offers summaries of all enrolled legislation, notes effective dates, and contains veto statements.

Lockheed Martin Company Analysis

Lockheed Martin

Institution

Name

Microsoft Corporation is a publicly traded corporation that operates internationally with its headquarters in Redmond, Washington DC. Microsoft Corporation has a mission of developing solutions that help businesses around the world realize their potentials. The corporation deals in the development, manufacturing, licensing, as well as supporting products related to computing. It was founded by Bill Gates assisted by Paul Allen in 1975 and since then, it has been the world’s leader in software products in terms of revenue. The corporation is also one of the most valuable companies in the world (Microsoft, 2013). The corporation operates in five major segments that include Windows Division, Server and Tools Division, Online Service Division, Microsoft Service Division, as well as in the division of Entertainment and Devices. Microsoft products range from operating systems used in personal computers, servers, mobile phones, server applications, and productivity applications, applications for business solutions, server applications used in distributed environment for computing, and other intelligent products / devices. The corporation offers a range of products, good working environment, and the required challenges for anyone to work in. This paper aims to look into the Microsoft Corporation and the impact of Lockheed Martin’s mission, vision, as well as the primary stakeholders on the company’s overall success. This would be done with a consideration the SWOT analysis of the Lockheed Martin.

Lockheed Martin is a company that operates globally and majoring in five segments of business operations. The five business segments of Lockheed Martin include Aeronautics, Missile and Fire control, space systems, information systems and global solutions, as well as mission systems and training. The five business segments makes the company be in a better position of getting into contracts with as many other corporations that are traded publicly as possible. Lockheed Martin also engage in contracts with governments such as the US government like the case of 2009 when the United States government contacts took 85% of its contracts amounting to about $38.4 billion (Lockheedmartin.com, 2013). Foreign government contracts on the other hand accounted for 13%, which was equivalent to $5.8 billion. 2% of the Lockheed Martin’s contracts went to other commercial sectors among them Microsoft Corporation, A united States Company that is publicly traded.

Lockheed Martin does its business and contractual activities with respect to the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). SEC is an independent federal agency that oversees the exchange of securities to protect investors such as Microsoft Corporation. SEC uses computer systems to assign CIK, a unique number, to individuals or corporations that file disclosure-filing documents with the federal agency. The work of the SEC, a US federal agency, is to ensure security to businesses and individual in contracts. Lockheed Martin operates in a wide range of business with its business operations causing influence on other businesses and corporations (Lockheedmartin.com, 2013).

The company is one of the leading companies that deal in the manufacture of advanced technologies in terms of technology systems, products, and military application services. Its collaboration with Microsoft Corporation creates a strong base for high technology emanating from the computer or digital world (Lockheedmartin.com, 2013). Over the last few years, Lockheed Martin has witnessed a consistent top growth that formed a ground for providing the company with adequate financial stability that promises a brighter future for the company.

The company has been creating a great market for Microsoft products especially computer applications and technologies. Both Microsoft Corporation and Lockheed Martin Company have been working hand in hand towards benefiting the society both technologically and in terms of environmental conservation. The two have recently won contacts aimed to assist in shifting the EAP, fully known as Environmental Protection Agency, to Microsoft Office 365. The Microsoft Office 365 is a new system expected to save millions of US dollars over the contract period of four years.

EAP have been having a long business relationship that is fully proactive and assist in transforming the way Microsoft employees work and their collaboration in the workplace. Lockheed Martin and EAP have created a market for testing the new operating system although it is fully customized to perform a specific task in environmental conservation (REDMOND, W. & ROCKVILLE, 2012). The Microsoft Office 365 is tool of enhancing collaboration and communication services, a transition that could improve the agencies employees in accessing tools of mobility and communication thereby helping the EPA agency to save in terms of its costs.

The part played by Lockheed Martin as a global security company that also deals in aerospace is to offer several cloud services such as proven solution services and secure innovations in cloud delivery. The company would offer migration as well as ensure the provision of services in ongoing integration services and engineering services. The Lockheed Martin Company is also obligated to compile a comprehensive service delivery system to the utility customers and commercial customers. These Lockheed Martin’s activities are done alongside Microsoft services that include deliveries in various technologies such as private cloud offerings, public cloud offerings, government, and community cloud offerings, and various premise solutions in hybrid architectures (REDMOND, W. & ROCKVILLE, 2012).

Lockheed Martin operates in a business environment full of strengths weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats. This environment of Lockheed Martin is what describes the company’s SWOT analysis. The Lockheed Martin’s SWOT analysis can be established as follows:

Strengths

Lockheed Martin is a strong company whose strength comes from its recent evidence in top line growth. The company’s strengths are initiated internally. Over the last few years, Lockheed Martin has witnessed a consistent top growth that formed a ground for providing the company with adequate financial stability that promises a brighter future for the company. Part of the company’s strength is also seen from its string inorganic growth since its operations are increasing as it grows globally (Adam, 2012). The company has also topped in the list of the United Federal Contracts on two occasions that include 2008 and 2009. It top performance resulting from its growth is also evident by the reception of the Collier Trophy on six occasions. Part of its strength is initiated by its dealings in diversified products that include five business segments of including Aeronautics, Missile and Fire Control, Space Systems, Information Systems and Global Solutions, as well as Mission Systems and Training. The company’s management is very strong that it ensures that Lockheed Martin has revenue streams that are well balanced (Adam, 2012).

Weaknesses

Lockheed Martin has some weaknesses that need to be dealt with in order to steer it growth. Compared with the company’s strengths, the weaknesses are less and could have a negligible impact on Lockheed Martin’s growth and its impact on the growth of other businesses and publicly trading corporations such as the Microsoft Corporation. One of the major weaknesses is that Lockheed Martin has high customer concentration. Customers are many and need great and constant diligence and attention, which may not readily be provided by the company (Adam, 2012). Lockheed Martin lack enough human resource to cater for the customer force such as ensuring conscientiousness in paying proper attention to all tasks needed by customers by giving the degree of care required in all situation. There are also legal proceeding that the company has to adopt when dealing in business and contractual agreements with customers and other corporations.

Opportunities

Lockheed Martin has several opportunities that may stimulate it growth currently and in the future life of the company. The company has several strategic acquisitions from which it can expand its business and contractual operations. Strategic acquisition is possible on smaller companies that deal in similar product line with the company or taking advantage of collaborative business activities with corporations having slight variations such as the Microsoft Corporation. In the US, defense spending is constantly rising, an aspect that provide ready and widening market for the company’s products and services. The accelerating United States military and the space market also broaden Lockheed Martin’s ability to broaden its services in aerospace and cloud offering services (Adam, 2012).

Threats

The company also faces threats in that the global market is increasingly slowing down. The world today is faced with economic changes with unpredictable business cycles. Economic depressions are increasingly experience by strong economies that happen to be the company’s strong markets destinations (Adam, 2012). Since the company operates globally, it faces increasing regulations from governments that are turning their foreign sector as their best sector in earning foreign income. These changes are done through government contracts and twisted regulations. There is also intense competition from other companies that are venturing into the same business lines as independent entities.

From the SWOT analysis of Lockheed Martin, the company can capitalize on its strength and opportunities while minimizing its threats and weaknesses, by employing the appropriate strategies. The company has to focus on its long-term goals and objective and use its financial strength in expanding its enterprise through application of a mixed strategy (Chandler, 1962). It should take advantage of its organic growth to spread the same to various locations across the globe. It should be careful in handling case of regulation in various governments and deal with the problem of increasing customer concentration by offering what the customer wants. The company should also take advantage of the increasing US military demands and the growth of the US requirements. These cases would freeze the available threats such as economic fluctuations, and increasing competition (Siegel, 2002 ). Using both mixed and pure strategy that focuses on a single objective such profit maximization, the company may place its level to a higher point and enhance its profitability.

On the side of Microsoft Corporation, various corporate governance mechanisms are used to enhance its business operations. One of the corporate governance is operating with a legal environment while protecting its consumers and ensuring that they get quality products (Microsoft, 2013). The Corporation also ensures that there is adequate leadership, and awareness. The management also ensures that there is a consistent product improvement through production of new operating systems. The leadership has been effective from the guidance of highly skilled managers who fully the leadership steps of the corporation’s founder, Bill Gates.

Through the effective leadership and management that combine various strategies to enhance its market, the Microsoft Corporation has been working effortlessly while ensuring ethical aspects in business operations to influence o serve individuals and other corporations such as the Lockheed Martin. Its benefit to the Lockheed Martin’s bottom line is seen through the various business operations that the two companies work together in ensuring development within the US and the global communities (Microsoft, 2013). The company ensures the maintenance of its long-lasting commitments as well as leadership in developing solutions that are innovative and accessible while holding to ethical responsibilities such as in the case of collaborating with Lockheed to help in developing environmental functions of the EAP, or the Environmental Protection Agency. This aspect is a good trend in making the Microsoft Corporation to grow stronger and make its computers easier to use, promote innovation, and build strong and collaborate efforts or relationships with various technology corporations and consumers.

References

Adam. (2012, April 8). Lockheed Martin SWOT analysis . Retrieved March 12, 2013, from freeswotanalysis.com: HYPERLINK “http://www.freeswotanalysis.com/aerospace-airline/376-lockheed-” http://www.freeswotanalysis.com/aerospace-airline/376-lockheed-martin-swot-analysis.html

Chandler, A. ( 1962). Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Lockheedmartin.com. (2013). Vision and Mission. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from lockheedmartin.com: HYPERLINK “http://www.lockheedmartin.com/uk/who-we-are/Vision-and-” http://www.lockheedmartin.com/uk/who-we-are/Vision-and-Mission.html

Microsoft. (2013, March). Microsoft Accessibility. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from microsoft.com: http://www.microsoft.com/enable/microsoft/mission.aspx

REDMOND, W. & ROCKVILLE. (2012, October 31). Lockheed Martin, Microsoft to Take EPA to the Cloud. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from microsoft.com: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/Press/2012/Oct12/10-31EPAPR.aspx

Siegel, J. J. (2002 ). Stocks for the Long Run: The Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns and Long-Term Investment Strategies, 3rd, . New York: McGraw-Hill, 388. ISBN 978-0-07-137048-6.

Media Bias and Effect on Society Article 2

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Media Bias and Effect on Society: Article 2

Wessel, Lindzi. “Making Sense of Media Bias.” Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews, Annual Reviews, www.knowablemagazine.org/article/society/2017/making-sense-media-bias.

This article sheds light on why the public society is awash today and the largest contributors of this decay is the media. The article features an interview with an American economist David Stromberg from Stockholm University. He has conducted several research on the media including media influences on politics and policies. The role of the media is providing information to the people. It may be quite difficult for the people to access information on what the politicians may be doing by themselves. Media is a channel that provides big actors with resources a platform to find resources and stories that interest the people and then report it. Damaging media bias is characterized by the misrepresentation of facts, lying or suppressing certain facts.

According to Stromberg, although it is true that media bias may exist, at times the effect of this media bias may not be as huge as we think. Media bias in the United States can be pointed back to the 1800s where most papers had party affiliations and their content was thus slanted. However, by 1890s the newspapers that had party affiliations dropped. This was because most media houses realized it was profitable to write news that interested the general population. The article gives a few instances of media bias for example during the Iraq War most media houses were in support of the war on the basis that Iraq was making weapons, however, Network times had to later come out and apologize for the misrepresentation of facts. Stromberg recommends that the best way of dealing with media bias is changing to a better channel or newspaper. The United States having so many media outlets gives one a privilege of deciding what content one can consume. The disadvantage to this is more often than not we try looking for media houses whose thoughts align to our bias.

Article 3

Ardèvol-Abreu, Alberto, and Homero Gil De Zúñiga. “Effects of editorial media bias perception and media trust on the use of traditional, citizen, and social media news.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94.3 (2017): 703-724.

Over the year’s people no longer seem to trust the media houses and the kind of content they report. Most Americans believe that the media bias has contributed to the decline in democracies and there has also been an increase in the reporting of fake news. One such instance is the Cal Poly news that was reported by Fox news. The headline for the news was “CAL POLY PLOTS TO REDUCE WHITE ENROLLMENT”. This headline itself was misleading and untrue as it claimed that Cal Poly was using race-based admission process. This was a violation of Proposition 209 passed by Californian voters and thus when people saw that headline it caused lot of anger and people misdirected their anger to Cal Poly only later for fox to retract their statements and offer apologies. There are a few other cases of misreporting and bias by the media that have been reported over the years.

This article will be important in my research paper as it will indicate how the negative observations tends to influence the use of social media, citizen as well as traditional methods for news. Most people nowadays do not rely on traditional methods to get news as most now use social media which is fast as news may be posted or streamed in real time. However, on all forms of media channel, social media seems to be the most biased yet it is the most far reaching. This article will serve as a key referencing point in looking at how various form of media outlets have biased by comparing which is the most affected to which is the least affected.

References

Ardèvol-Abreu, Alberto, and Homero Gil De Zúñiga. “Effects of editorial media bias perception and media trust on the use of traditional, citizen, and social media news.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94.3 (2017): 703-724.

Wessel, Lindzi. “Making Sense of Media Bias.” Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews, Annual Reviews, www.knowablemagazine.org/article/society/2017/making-sense-media-bias.