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Between the World and Me
Between the World and Me
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Between the World and Me
Excerpt 1
Coates sits with Samori however doesn’t attempt to comfort him, rather disclosing to him the truth. This is his nation, he is in a dark body, and he needs to sort out some way to live with it. Anytime, an individual of color’s body can be annihilated or attacked in any way, shape, or form, and the liable gatherings are infrequently considered dependable.
Coates sets that Americans consider “race” as one’s intrinsic element, given to them by Mother Nature. “Prejudice” is the need to dole out this component (shading) to individuals and afterward use it to mortify or pulverize them. Like this, Americans broadly accept that prejudice follows the race. Yet, individuals can see bigotry as an unfortunate outside outcome of Mother Nature—like a catastrophic event—rather than man’s handicraft if the race is characteristic. Coates contends that bigotry precedes the race. Choosing who considers an individual doesn’t rely upon qualities of actual highlights yet on the conviction that these highlights can demonstrate a chain of command inside society.
Coates contends that racism comes before the race. Choosing who considers an individual doesn’t rely upon qualities of actual highlights, however, on the conviction that these highlights can show a chain of importance inside society. People have consistently had diverse hair and eye tones. However, it is a fresher conviction that these distinctions can demonstrate how to accurately put together a general public or choose who has more and less worth. This groundbreaking thought is at the core of a gathering of individuals raised to accept that they are white. Yet, “white” as a race in America doesn’t generally mean anything. All white individuals were named something different before they were named white, for example, Catholic or Welsh.
Coates’s constant battle to grasp his nation’s brutality and his absence of control over his own body has freed him from his biggest fear disembodiment. in this way, the questioning and struggling are worthwhile, though he knows there is no cure.
Excerpt 2
All white individuals were named something different before they were named white, for example, Catholic or Welsh. The individuals who accept they are white are the individuals who experienced childhood in a country established on the conviction that it reserved a privilege to pick which natural attributes demonstrated society’s right. Coates says that dissimilar to “dark,” the expression “white” is attached to criminal force. The “rise of the conviction of being white”— white advancement—has nothing to do with white individuals’ socially connected things in America.
Coates fear the streets, as well. Youngsters’ folks beat them, so they fear their folks just as terrified of the police, and the messes with themselves are savage with one another. Learning the way of life of the roads is a day-by-day exertion to dodge savagery and secure Coates’ own body. The non-verbal communication, expressions, developments, and group connections that Coates must retain generally rule out a blunder to ensure brutality and wrongdoing. The posses in his local dress in garments that propose authority and battle in the city as indicated by complex codes and ordinances. Their loose garments, puffy coats, and anchors are intended to state control so no one can contact them. The equivalent is valid for noisy music and boisterous, forceful ladies. Coates would now see through these activities and realize that attempting to show up incredible is only a shield from the savagery’s dread against their past ages.
Coates sees an alternate world on TV. There, white young men don’t continually fear for their bodies, and life appears to comprise rural areas, picnics, and football cards. He perceives even as a kid that his everyday routine is a world away from the experiences on TV and that there is a brutal contrast between dark dread and white opportunity. However, he doesn’t have the foggiest idea of why this is the situation. He needs to get away from the anxiety of his reality.
Excerpt 3
This part speaks to the giant blossom of Coates’ scholarly examination. At long last, he makes it off the roads, out of youth, and away from the schools that couldn’t care less about his interest. Howard University is where he can always commit he needs to learning and satisfying his inquiries. He begins the portrayal of the college by calling Howard his Mecca. He expects that the peruser knows Mecca’s significance, which is a sport that attracts individuals to itself. When promoted, he alludes to the origination of Muhammed, the holiest city for Muslims. Realizing this definition explains what Howard intends to Coates. Coates has just expressed he doesn’t have faith in God, yet he trusts in continually seeking information and comprehension about himself as an individual of color in America. In this manner, Howard is his own Mecca, the holiest spot, as he continued looking for answers. In “the dark diaspora,” he sees individuals from his legacy who have scattered and populated various pieces of the world. After seeing groups in the undertakings and learning just about white pioneers, he, at long last, meets dark people who seek after a wide range of academic subjects and originate from various states and nations. He likewise strolls in the strides, in a real sense and allegorically, of his dark saints.
Coates develops to characterize himself as a searcher and a struggler. His days in the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center are essential to his development as an individual. He breathes in thoughts and assessments from bunch creators and afterward breaks down his contemplations about them. When he portrays seeing the variety of individuals on the grounds, he encounters an impression of what he has perused in the library. Indeed, even as they are, for the most part, dark in his eyes, they have various foundations and suppositions. At the point when he starts composing verse, it isn’t for execution yet for examination. Through every one of nowadays spent in the library, he perceives that writing is the best type of individual test; composing demands that you sort out what you truly mean and why you would not joke about this. Composing manages Coates’ cost the occasion to meet different writers, every one of who are, similar to him, looking for where they fit on the planet. These writers and his instructors challenge him and lead him to pursue considerably more. They constrain him to be explicit and raw about his work and considerations.
Excerpt 4
All through the part how the devastation of the dark body is as yet predominant today. While this devastation is promptly apparent to an individual of color, it is regularly substantially more subtle to a white individual, particularly the “Visionaries” who are not encountering persevering prejudice. Coates depicts childhood in Baltimore’s ghettos and how such neighborhoods the nation over are intended to be loaded up with individuals of color. Isolation isn’t lawful; however, government strategy guarantees it happens at any rate. Coates’ area was extremely vicious, and he (and every other person) was in steady dread for his body since it very well may be taken from him whenever. He first genuinely comprehends this when a kid pulls out a weapon on him for reasons unknown. He never had genuine security over his body. Another away from the devastation of the dark body is police severity consistency and how regularly it closes in murder, with no ramification for the cop capable.
So long after slaves were “liberated” and did not adapt anymore, the “right” of white Americans to take care of dark Americans through brutality and murder persevered unchecked and energized. Indeed, even still, the cruelty proceeds in the roads of lodging ventures and through police killings. Indeed, even where there isn’t savagery, frameworks that classify individuals of color as lower citizenry proliferates through mass detainment, the use of defamatory terms, and underrepresentation in advanced education, general sets of laws, and legislative issues. Coates attempts to disclose to Samori the heaviness of living as an individual of color in America. Indeed, even as a little youngster watching white America on TV, Coates felt the hole between his reality and theirs and the weight from that acknowledgment of that partition. This is no place more apparent than on Civil War combat zone grounds. America has lauded its Civil War as contention between states wherein the two sides were honorable and courageous, ignoring the truth that Confederates were battling to keep dark bodies subjugated. Coates takes Samori to these memorable spots with the expectation that Samori doesn’t fall into his fantasy yet turns into a conscious resident of the beautiful and awful world.
Coates guarantees Samori that being dark doesn’t make one insusceptible to doing terrible things and cautions him to be mindful so as not to get sucked into any country’s fantasy. In the Prince George area, dark police who have been sucked into the white Dream transform into similar bandits who sustain brutality under the law’s appearance. Coates’ set of experiences instructors challenge him to reconsider dark respectability and not mistake purposeful political publicity for challenging investigation. He reevaluates his belief regarding having a dark “prize case” of exclusively dark intelligent people, as though they are better since they have not fallen prey to the Dream and are in charge of their bodies.
Coates perceives how “white” Irish individuals are treated along these lines to the individuals who lose their bodies to servitude after taking a class about Europe. He contemplates whether being “dark” really has nothing to do with losing his body, yet whether the term just methods his race is at the lower part of the chain of command.
Coates urges Samori to recall slaves as people, not just as a mass of individuals. Each slave has his or her character, dreams, and family. Coates advises Samori to remember that individuals of color in America were oppressed longer than they have been free, and ages of people realized only chains. In conclusion, he stresses that regardless of how improved the dark race’s current circumstance is, it isn’t recovery for the subjugation of ages that preceded. It isn’t Samori’s duty to change the world. While it is a perfect world, he will, at present, need to battle with how to exist in his dark body.
Excerpt 5Coates calls attention to that, in his experience, individuals who accept they are white are fixated on absolving themselves from any doubt of prejudice. No one will concede that they are a bigot or know any bigots, even while acting bigoted. It is far simpler for Americans to think it is their diligent effort to acquire them the American Dream. While recognizing the past terrible days, the individuals who accept they are white are raised to assume that those sad days are over regardless of the proof of the jail frameworks, ghettos, and police brutality.
He turned to the dread enlivened brutality of his childhood to secure his child’s body. Had Coates been captured, one of Samori’s first recollections would have been his dad being attacked by similar police who had attacked so numerous other dark bodies. Coates realizes that he committed an error, and the mix-ups of individuals of color consistently cost them two-fold.
He motivates the peruser by expressing that individuals who accept they are white appear to be primarily worried about persuading themselves regarding their blamelessness or possibly ensuring they seem guiltless to other people. As a human, it is hard to understand that something you were raised accepting is genuinely imperfect. Everybody finds out about slaves in history books. Yet, numerous individuals stay willfully ignorant that bigotry exists, particularly the individuals who take the mantra that America is consistently number one. Coates admits that Americans spring naturally to pride and making themselves look great.
Coates trusts he has handed-off a similar message to Samori and admits that he is as yet apprehensive. Be that as it may, the constant danger of immateriality modifies all that he knows, from the savagery of young men in the city to being twice as acceptable, needing ideal habits out in the open so as not to raise doubt.
References
Coates, T. (2020). Letter to My Son. The Atlantic. Retrieved 12 November 2020, from https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/tanehisi-coates-between-the-world-and-me/397619/.
A PMESII Analysis on Hamas
A PMESII Analysis on Hamas
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Introduction (BLUF)
Hamas is a military and political group based in the Gaza Strip. Its interest lies in annihilating Israel, which is a strategic ally to the United States, thus explaining the need to intervene. The group is a highly organized and secretive organization with a global network of assistance. Infiltration will thus require a deep cover operation not less than two years. The covert operation should target its supply chains and money distribution channels, including in Iran and Damascus. I would suggest a highly cyber-based security system to monitor the operation. The mission’s urgency should be alpha, given the growing insurgency of the group and the recent change in power in Israel.
Political
Hamas is a military and governmental organization based in the Gaza strip. It inherited a deep governmental and political organization from the Egyptian Islamic Brotherhood. The nature of its political structure and its intricacy is not clearly known in the public domain. However, it is organized into Consultative councils. The consultative councils are the major governing bodies of Hamas and are called Majlis al-Shura (Hroub, 2010). The council is the major embodiment of democracy in the Hamas political ranks as it is elected by members of the local council. Representatives to the council come from Gaza, Israel prison, West Bank, and leaders in Exile. The organization also has a service wing that provides a coordinated charity in the Gaza Strip and Palestine. Hamas has adopted a contrary approach to its recruitment, and unlike Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), it is involved in Charity works through the social service wing. Through the Dawah infrastructure, the group has established a charitable provision from which its militant activities are carried out (Hannase, 2020).
The group is, however, faced with constant opposition and bickering from the Fatah party and has won the majority seats in the Palestinian Legislative Authority. The organization is also under critical watch by other nations, such as the United States, whose Assembly’s decision was nullified in call Hamas, a terrorist organization to reduce its funding. However, among the countries that have referred to the organization as terrorists include Japan and Australia. Iran, however, has strategic ties to the organization and has been a strong supporter of its cause against the European Union and the United Nations. Israel has a major interest in Hamas due to the allegations by the Hamas’ political ranks that Israel took over Palestinian land. Among the major Human rights organizations that have had a great interest in Hamas is the Human rights watch, which has often blamed Israeli and Hamas over civilian deaths.
Analyst Comment. The fact that Hamas’ political structure is highly localized yet democratic in nature makes its decision-making slow. However, the democratic nature of the organization enables negotiations such as hostage and ceasefire possible. Hamas’s political structure, however, comes from various fronts worldwide. Its ties to its predecessor, the Muslim Brotherhood, coupled with its secrecy in its political structure, make power concentration hard to determine. As such, therefore, fighting against the group may be difficult unless with the help of seasoned agents of which, the MOSSAD plays a critical role. The hiddenness of recruitment in charity makes infiltration of the organization easy; thus, any operation should start as covert before full-scale tactics are employed.
Military
Hamas has a separate wing called The Executive Force (The Brigades). It was formed in 1992 to provide Hamas with an armed option to achieve its objectives. The wing is divided into independent cells. The cells are highly specialized while remaining attached to the rest of the organization. While the Brigades are an independent part of Hamas, it is also a part of the political structure of Hamas. In 2005, Hamas was blamed for using its charity work to service selfish interests (Cohen, 2009). It is notable that these interests were majorly military and terrorist in nature. The Hamas Military wing is under both internal leaderships based within the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The external leadership is split between Gaza, led by Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook, and Kuwait under Khaled Mashal. However, the internal strings of the military organization are highly secretive due to Mossad Infiltration and assassination. The Brigades recruits its members from its social service activities. It uses churches, sporting services, student unions, and mosque services to recruit its members. In 2014, Hamas had an estimated 20000 fighters. An additional 20000 men and women in the police force fill its army as ground roots attach. According to the Senior IDF Commander says, Hamas has 30,000 men, 7,000 rockets, dozens of drones (2021), and an extra 25000 work in Gaza security agencies. Israeli intelligence hints that within its manpower, Hamas has about 700 highly skilled personnel trained in Iran.
Hamas boasts of a highly skilled army. Israeli estimates that the army has about 7000 rockets and approximately 300 antitank missiles. The army also wields 100 anti-aircraft missiles. However, according to The Times of Israel, these are estimates from the commander of Hamas. The army may have less or more.
Analyst Comment. The Hamas military wing is highly organized and armed. Its secretive nature, independence, and specialization make its infiltration difficult. It is thus difficult to infiltrate it through the political cluster of Hamas. However, the political cluster of Hamas is important in infiltrating the Military wing, especially through its social services. However, its clustered nature in cells means that it may be difficult to pinpoint its sources of strength and leadership without large-scale compromise of operations. As such, therefore, to cripple the army, highly covert operations employing insiders with better affiliations to both military and political structures of Hamas are important. Of importance is to understand the source of its military funding. An infiltration from above and below is the best method to cripple the organization. It is noteworthy that any flawed operation may endanger not only military personnel but also civilians and lead to large-scale vengeful wars.
Economic
Hamas has established a wide network of resources in and outside the Middle East. Since the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, Hamas has grown to control large territories, including Palestine and Gaza. Gaza’s economy is secret due to low information leakage. However, the international monetary fund (IMF) estimated that by 2010, Gaza and the West bank had a cumulative GDP of seven billion dollars (Gaza’s economy: How Hamas stays in power, n.d). The money is generated from Hamas’s extra-Palestinian sympathizers and friends through the Palestinian banking system. The Strip receives up to two billion dollars per year through these banks. However, there are allegations that some resources are shipped through robust tunnel systems that Hamas has created. The information has less credibility except for the extensive Israeli discovery of tunnels in Israel and Gaza. Most of these funds are, however, channeled by Hamas to pay salaries and charity works. The funds are also used to acquire fuel, water, and electricity. The United Nations also provides relief contributions to Gaza amounting to 200 million dollars with 250 million dollars worth of goods annually to Gaza. Attributively, Hamas, while controlling the Palestinian legislature, has a heavy hand on these resources.
Additionally, the group receives a cumulative of about 200 million from Iran annually (Flanigan, 2012). Hamas also raises funds through taxes in Gaza strips. The group imposes heavy taxes on consumer goods such as cigarettes. It has also instituted business regulatory policies that raise revenue on its behalf. The group, besides controlling all security agencies in Gaza, has resolved to purchase major businesses such as insurance, banks, including the Islamic Bank, shopping malls, and agricultural farms. Therefore, the group is economically multifaceted. Discretionally, the group, registers its businesses in the name of straw owners and Hamas Cadre individuals.
Analyst Comment. From an analytical point of view, Hamas’s major funding is charities and Iranian contributions. Without these contributions, Hamas may not survive comfortably. It is noteworthy that despite heavy sanctions from countries such as Israel, the group has survived. Its survival is attributable to its economic diversity. Its economic structure is thus both easy and hard to infiltrate. It is easy to infiltrate due to its single channel target of funds. The group mostly channels its funds to Damascus. However, infiltration may be difficult due to the diversity that makes it difficult to cripple, especially when civilians are in the picture.
Social
Hamas has a tight social structure based on its Hamas Charter. The charter stipulates the position of each gender in religious and nationalistic projects. It stipulates that women are important for manufacturing males and raring for adulthood. The charter that allows them to participate in liberation wars explains the regularity of female suicide missionaries. Hamas does not allow women without Hijab, card playing, or any immodest dressing. However, Hamas has committed forceful actions against women, not allowing their autonomy. On the other hand, men are fighters, organizers, and liberators. Hamas is thus an organized social group guided by only Islamic law. Past conflicts include the Palestinian Fatah on the view of women’s roles.
Analyst Comment. Playing a culture card could be an easy way to earn the trust of Hamas. Hamas is highly organized around gender roles and responsibilities that could be used against them.
Infrastructure
Hamas has invested in a heavy tunnel system. According to Terrorist group: Hamas (n.d), the tunnel network. The tunnels are constructed under the sandy soils of Gaza, and some describe them as cities. According to Watkins & James,2016), the tunnel system built by Hamas in 2016 was double the size that the Vietnamese Liberation Front had built. The tunnels, according to Watkins & James (2016), were invented to counter the Israeli defense force’s heavy fire on Gaza. The tunnels serve as a defense and attack front for Hamas. They have rendered various victories over the Israelis. The tunnels also serve as a front for launching mine field traps and explosives against the IDF. Israel also claims that Hamas has built a tunnel through the Gaza border to Israel. The extent of tunnels into Israel remains an estimate. However, some have been recently destroyed by the Israeli Defence Forces.
As tunnel warfare is growing, the general infrastructure in Gaza has rendered the Strip unliveable. The unliveable status was declared by the world bank. Hamas has lost its attention on the Strips water system and sewerage. Roads are in disarray and impassable. According to the Times of Israel, Gaza faces electric blackouts 12 hours a day which may extend to twenty in some instances (Gaza’s infrastructure on the Verge of collapse, report warns, 2017). The cooking gas and fuel industry are in a disarray, and the country is facing severe fuel and gas shortages.
Analyst Comment. Apparently, Gaza under Hamas is not conventionally structured. Even though infiltration of Hamas by the United States army would require on-land and air tactics, the tunnel system places a paradigm shift in the military approach. To begin with, the tunnel system offers
Information
Hamas maintains a lethal information system propelled by the advancement of its enemies. The group has developed technologies that could use dating applications to get information from Israeli soldiers. The applications are infiltrated using malicious malware controlled by Hamas that relays information back to the group’s operation base. Hamas has also been able to hack Israeli soldier forces and obtain video forms of information without the knowledge of the victims. Hams has invested in recent years in cyber hacking and information collection. In 2019, Israel responded to Hamas cyber hacking y destroying its headquarters.
Analyst Comment. Hamas is a group that is highly organized in its information system. Coupled with their proper knowledge of their terrain, which is hidden, and their high secrecy, the group, may be difficult to deal with. It is thus important to use one-use cells and encrypted radio signals to communicate. Any intelligence carried out should be stored in highly encrypted servers with no officer allowed to carry their personal phones to the operation or strategy rooms. In case covert operations are necessary, handlers should adopt covert means such as codes to communicate with their inside persons.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Hamas is a highly organized and secretive organization. The organization is shown to be highly driven, given its ability to build a network of tunnels. Its seasoned experience with the fighting tactics of Israel is a key point in facing them. To defeat Hamas, the United States will need to analyze what Hamas knows about Israeli tactics, which would be a predictor of what combat tactics Hamas would predict the US will use. Thus a joint covert operation recommendable using its supply chains should precede a full-scale attack.
References
Borghard, E. D., & Schneider, J. (2019). Israel responded to a Hamas cyberattack with an airstrike. That’s not such a big deal. The Washington Post, 9.
Cohen, Y. (2009). Hamas in combat: the military performance of the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement. Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Flanigan, S. T. (2012). Terrorists next door? A comparison of Mexican drug cartels and Middle Eastern terrorist organizations. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24(2), 279-294.
Gaza’s infrastructure on the Verge of collapse, report warns. (2017, January 29). Retrieved from https://www.timesofisrael.com/gazas-infrastructure-on-the-verge-of-collapse-report-warns/
Gaza’s economy: How Hamas stays in power. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/gazas-economy-how-hamas-stays-power
Hannase, M. (2020). The Dilemma Between Religious Doctrine and Political Pragmatism: Study of Hamas in Palestine. Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama, 10(1), 54-70.
Hroub, K. (2010). Hamas. The Other Press.
Senior IDF Commander says Hamas has 30,000 men, 7,000 rockets, and dozens of drones. (2021, February 11). Retrieved from https://www.timesofisrael.com/senior-idf-commander-says-hamas-has-7000-rockets-dozens-of-drones/
Terrorist group: Hamas. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://counterterrorismethics.tudelft.nl/hamas/
Watkins, N. J., & James, A. M. (2016). Digging into Israel: The sophisticated tunneling network of Hamas. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(1), 84-103.
Bethune-Cookman AD speaks on their move to SWAC.
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Bethune-Cookman AD speaks on their move to SWAC.
In his interview, the vice president of athletics at Bethune-Cookman University Lynn Thomson was excited about the new move. He expressed his satisfaction that they had done enough at the Mid-Eastern conference, and they were ready for a new challenge at the Southwestern Athletic Conference. Thompson indicated that the decision to move to SWAC was not an overnight decision. Still, it was a progressive decision that was backed by research that they had conducted to establish if they were suited to switch from Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference to Southwestern Athletic Conference. According to Lynn Thompson, many factors informed their decision to move to SWAC. He mentions that student welfare was one of the most critical factors that they had to consider. Most student-athletes had challenges copying with the sports and academics in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference because of various factors. Because Bethune-Cookman University is a Christian University that prides itself on academics, it has to take into account the welfare of its students. Equally, it was a season when schools were admitting students. The institution was affected especially during this period where there are restrictions of movements in various states in the United States. The institution was also undergoing some significant leadership changes which played a role in their progress to SWAC.
According to Lynn Thompson, Southwestern Athletics Conference is an ideal conference for Bethune-Cookman University because it is one of the best conferences with strong leadership. He intimates that the conference will help them continue fostering their vision of improving their athletes in sports and school. Still, he had a lot of positive attribution to the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. He posits that after working at the conference for a long time, it was a bittersweet moment for him when it was time to leave. He says he has had a long relationship with the leadership of the conference, and he spoke with them in detail about the departure of Bethune-Cookman University.
Regarding what the team will bring into Southwestern Athletics Conference, Thompson was categorical that the team will deliver consistency and that they expected to continue doing well. He attributed the team’steam’s excellent performance by getting the right players who have the team’steam’s spirit at heart. Further, he indicated that the team would perform well if backed up by support staff who have the right attitude.
The introduction of Bethune-Cookman University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference will bring in a new rivalry in the competition. The team has a loyal fan base who are critical in the success of the group. This new set of the fan base will equally make the Southwestern Athletics Conference more competitive and exciting to watch. The students will also have a chance to interact and share their different academic knowledge with students from other universities. With SWAC attracting new teams, the media focus will now shift to the conference to establish how the newly admitted teams perform. It is also an opportunity for the participating teams to improve on their revenue. As Thompson mentioned, the team’s movement to SWAC will give the institution a chance to continue fostering its objectives with like-minded institutions. Southwestern Athletics Conference will also get stronger to compete with its rivals.
All the stakeholders in the SWAC will benefit from the Bethune-Cookman University move. The welfare of the students who had issues at the Mid-Eastern Athletics conference will be addressed. They will also have an opportunity to share their academic knowledge with students from other universities. The institutions involved will also be able to improve their revenues. Southwestern Athletics Conference will become an Athletic body that will attract new partners.