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Biochemical Molecules GCSE Biology Revision Questions and Answers

Biochemical Molecules GCSE Biology Revision Questions and Answers

Question 1 (1.1)

Using the diagram above, describe the structure of a typical monosaccharide.

Question 2 (1.2)

Explain, with the inclusion of images, glycosidic bonding in molecules of maltose, sucrose and lactose.

Question 3 (1.3)

Explain the classification of common carbohydrates.

Question 4 (1.4)

Using the diagram, with reference to starch and cellulose, describe how the function of polysaccharides is facilitated by their structure.

Question 5 (2.1)

Describe the molecular structure of a fatty acid molecule and a glycerol molecule.

Question 6 (2.2)

Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules.

Question 7 (2.3)

Describe the molecular structure of a triglyceride and a phospholipid and relate these structures to their functions in living organisms.

Question 8 (3.1)

a) Describe the structure of an amino acid

b) How do individual amino acids differ from each other?

Question 9 (3.2)

Explain, using an image, how peptide bonds form.

Question 10 (3.3)

Explain the terms: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins. Include an image of each structure to support your explanation.

Question 11 (3.4)

Describe the role of hydrogen bonding in maintaining the shape of a protein molecule.

Assessment Criteria – you will address these criteria by completing the Assignment Tasks.

1.1

Describe the structure of a typical monosaccharide.

1.2

Explain glycosidic bonding.

1.3

Explain the classification of common carbohydrates.

1.4

With reference to starch and cellulose describe how the function of polysaccharides is facilitated by their structure.

2.1

Describe the molecular structure of a fatty acid molecule and a glycerol molecule.

2.2

Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules.

2.3

Describe the molecular structure of a triglyceride and a phospholipid and relate these structures to their functions in living organisms.

3.1

Describe the structure of an amino acid explaining how individual amino acids differ.

3.2

Explain peptide bond formation.

3.3

Explain the terms: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins.

3.4

Describe the forces which hold the protein molecule in shape.

Word Count 2000

Distinguishing features of the structure of micro-organisms pathogens

Distinguishing features of the structure of micro-organisms pathogens

Question 1 (1.1)

Describe the distinguishing features of the structure of the following micro-organisms (pathogens) (include an appropriate image in your answer):

· bacteria

· fungi

· virus

· protozoa

· worms

· arthropods

Question 2 (2.1)

Fig. 1 shows the sub-cellular structure of a typical bacterial cell. Explain the major functions of sub-cellular organelles of this cell.

Question 3 (2.2)

Using your knowledge and research complete the table below:

Bacterium

Gram +/-

Stain colour

What antibiotics would be used to treat this bacteria and what are their actions in slowing or preventing growth?

Citation (Name, Year) List fully in bibliography.

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium difficile

Bacillus anthracis

Listeria monocytogenes

Escherichia coli

Vibrio cholerae

Helicobacter pylori

Question 4 (3.1)

The graph below shows that bacteria have an exponential rate of growth.

Interpret growth rates derived from practical work, investigating factors affecting microbial growth.

Bacteria are said to grow exponentially. Escherichia coli generate (double in number) every 17 minutes and Streptococcus aureus every 28 minutes.

Escherichia coli bacteria have been growing for 12 hours. If this growth started with a single Escherichia coli bacterium, how many bacteria would there be after 12 hours?

1,500,623,478 Streptococcus aureus were counted on a culture plate. Calculate approximately how long has elapsed since the first bacterium divided.

Use a table to show your answer

Question 5 (3.2)

Explain the COSHH regulations; include the importance of these regulations when dealing with microbes.

Question 6 (3.3)

Evaluate why hand hygiene is of the utmost importance for health professionals and service users.

Question 7 (4.1)

Evaluate the following sub-culturing techniques:

· Streak plate inoculation solid-to-solid

· Streak plate inoculation liquid-to-solid

· Spread plate solid-to-solid

· Pour plate liquid-to-solid

· Inoculating a solid culture -to-liquid

· Inoculating a liquid culture -to-liquid

Task 2 (5.1)

Word count guideline: 1000 words

Essay:

Research any one of the following topics and write an evaluative essay on your research findings:

· The overuse of antibiotics

· Nosocomial infections

· Cross contamination of foodstuffs

Assessment Criteria

1.1

Distinguish between micro-organisms according to their structural features, to include bacteria, fungi, viruses and other groups as appropriate.

2.1

Explain the major functions of sub-cellular organelles of microbial groups.

2.2

Interpret Gram stain results for bacteria in terms of identification and response to antibiotics.

3.1

Interpret growth rates derived from practical work investigating factors affecting microbial growth.

3.2

Comply with safety procedures and explain reasons for these.

3.3

Evaluate the problems of cross contamination within the health professions.

4.1

Evaluate the role of the different methodologies in different situations.

5.1

Evaluate the results of learner’s research into one topic within a microbiology context.

Word Count 4000

You are a functional supervisor in your company

You are a functional supervisor in your company. Recently, you have been asked to attend an emergency meeting to discuss critical issues that concern low sales, the economics of the industry, branding, high turnover, low employee morale, employee salary and benefits cut, and product defects.

Given the fact that you have a high number of issues to tackle, please put in place a creative (or critical) thinking strategy/plan to resolve all of the above issues. In some cases, please discuss in detail some remedies to resolve these issues. Be explicit as to how they can be accomplished.