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A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift
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‘A Modest Proposal’ by Jonathan Swift
‘A Modest Proposal’ by Jonathan Swift is about how to solve the issue of hunger. Jonathan begins by describing people who are living in the streets. The streets are filled with starving beggars. Jonathan Swift uses ethos, pathos and logos to make a strong case for his suggestion of using babies as a source of food. Jonathan Swift does establish his credibility, and he shows the readers his logic throughout his proposal. Jonathan does back up all the points raised in the proposal with hard evidence and facts. He does show how the consumption of infants would support everyone.
Pathos refers to feelings or emotions. For instance, when one looks at the commercial of homeless puppies, one may feel sorry for the puppies since they are homeless, and they may be suffering. In the beginning of ‘A Modest Proposal’, Jonathan shows the use of pathos when he denotes, “their defenseless babies who, as they grow up, either turn hoodlums for need of work, or leave their dear local nation, to battle for the Pretender of Spain, or offer themselves to the Barbadoes. In this, Jonathan uses incongruity to convey his message. Additionally, he is attempting to make you feel awful for these poor children. In this statement, Jonathan also uses irony in the description of the Pretender of Spain.
Notably, ethos refers to the power. Jonathan uses the Ethos when he references his “acquaintance in London” who said “an adolescent solid children overall breast fed, is, at a year old, the most heavenly sustaining and wholesome nourishment. This displays his use of hyperbole and just-a-position to convey his message.
On the other hand, Logos refers to rationale. Case in point: Since all men are mortal and Socrates was a man, along these lines Socrates was a mortal. Jonathan uses the explanatory mode of Logos when he says that if individuals begin consuming infants and children, there will be fewer individuals to feed and more nourishment, which may help comprehend everything. In this, Jonathan uses parody to convey his message to the readers.
Work cited
Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. 1st ed. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech, 2001. Print.
Benefits and Challenges of Using Online Platforms
Benefits and Challenges of Using Online Platforms
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Benefits and Challenges of Using Online Platforms
As the world goes through globalization, digital platforms have proved somewhat integral, not mentioning how secure, efficient, and useful they make the processes flow. Online platforms are vital facilitators of global trade, convenience, and competitive development for various service delivery. The paper looks to address the benefits and challenges for individual citizens and the public services if the vast majority of people use online facilities to register to vote, apply for unemployment benefit, family counseling—also, the best way to deliver services.
Using online facilities to register to vote offers convenience to most voters. For example, in the state of Arizona, close to 80% voter registration happens online. Processing each voter’s document through a manual process cost the state approximately $0.80 more than online registration. A significant number of those who register online vote at a rate of 94% compared to 80% of the analog system. Voters can access their portals online to confirm their registration status. Problems arising before the election days are uncovered and resolved since online registrants get instant replies that verify their registration or updating their information successfully (Garnett, 2019). Also, clerical errors are significantly minimized by online registration, mostly common in the manual transcription of paper forms. It guarantees the registration of voters is accurate and reduces the likelihood of voters being turned away or delayed at the time of casting their ballots. Provided everyone can access the Internet, online registration warrants better security for registrants concerning their data. The online platform is more accessible and less forbidding.
On the contrary, online registration does not always guarantee better results, transparency, or efficiency whatsoever. Numerously, cases of system hacking have emerged, leading to elections being jeopardized or instead rigged. Some people tend to interfere with public service online systems for their selfish gains. We can say, online registration is not a hundred percent reliable. Also, in the cases where the Internet breaks down, it means there will be system delays, leading inconveniencies. Lastly, not all people can access the Internet or even can operate internet gadgets in the entire process of online voter registration (Kavanagh & Jones, 2017). It means that online registration is only suitable for those who can access the Internet and are familiar with system operation.
Using online facilities to apply for unemployment benefits offers convenience. Through online software, costly mistakes made by an applicant are detected and corrected since it raises before ones proceed to the next step. The applicant’s data is stored in a central database where it can be sorted and accessed. It is also a faster method compared to analog systems. The online application is faster, and applicants are reduced to the heavy burden of traveling costs to access those services and even long queues in those offices. It only takes a few minutes while applying online, thus saving time and money. Applying for unemployment benefits online offers some privacy since you do not have to disclose your issues to some random people the reason for application. Some people feel offended having to tell their stories to strangers and, even at times, may end up misjudging them.
Online application for unemployment benefit is an excellent application method, but at the same time, it does not offer guarantees. At times, people create random crone websites with details like genuine ones, and applicants might find themselves displaying their data to unknown people who take advantage of them. To individuals who have problems using digital systems might find themselves risking the little benefit they apply to the scammers. Instances where a person forgets log out an account after accessing the services in a cybers and another person, uses the same computer might lead to identity theft or even compromise an account.
Getting access to a family relationship problem can effectively work through online facilities. Families going through challenging times can access advice from online facilities. The Internet offers various topics about relationships and family issues, and people can always access the Internet to find answers on whatever the problems they might be having. On the contrary, the Internet may not be an ideal platform for getting the advice since some massages are challenging to interpret their real intentions, not to mention the damage they might cause in the process.
In conclusion, face-to-face services are better delivered compared to the phone. Through face-to-face, one can gauge the quality of services being rendered to you, which is not the case for the phone. On the phone, people tend to be unreal; even worse, it is difficult to know if they are attending to your issues or just doing their businesses. Face-to-face offers a platform for negotiation, and even the parties involved can have a mutual understanding of exactly what each party wants. Moreover, there is a proper understanding among the parties involved concerning service delivery.
References
Garnett, H. A. (2019). Evaluating Online Registration: The Canadian Case. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 18(1), 78-92.
Kavanagh, O., & Jones, S. (2017). The Pros and Cons of Using Personal Response Systems in an Interactive Scientific Debate. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 19(2), 1-11.
Literature- A reflection of Austerlitz
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Representing the Pain of Other
The society today is characterized by a magnitude of oppressive practices, especially for those making up the underprivileged communities of the world. Accordingly, this oppression has demanded the need for human right and representations in all social and political institutions. As the underprivileged individuals fight for equal opportunities, the rest of the world has no option but to integrate themselves in the fight for these human rights and demands. For the part where these individuals cannot present their suffering and destitution, others need to come in and represent these individuals to society. According to Sontag, Said, and Derrida, this is known as representation, and it often requires that individuals use their capacity to represent the pain of others the best way they know how.
Representing the pain of others involves telling the stories of the different sufferings an tribulations that different people experience throughout their lifetimes. Representation is identified as a significant tool of communication, as it helps people understand the various ways through which various people undergo their daily lives or living. Consequently, it has been argued the representation takes various forms especially through the media and other literary or artistic forms such as poems and paintings. These media forms have been used to represent the woes of others throughout history and according to the three scholars mentioned, though these representations are necessary, there have been problems associated with such representation. According to these scholars, representing the pain of others has long provoked various personal and political problems, as they do not fully represent the pain and suffering of the people that they intend to represent as expected.
Sontag specifically supports this notion in her book, regarding the pain of others in her examination of the representation of war by the media and artists. She explains that this representation has brought about personal and political problems as in a way they encourages more conflict and war between individuals. Additionally, representing the pain and suffering of others also causes an aesthetic and ethical dilemma as one cannot come to the conclusion regarding the importance and significance of such representation. The representation of pain for example, is hard because is illustrates the negative side of things and events that have happened to individuals. Most of these illustrate the pain and suffering of others thus raising an ethical question as to the need for this representation. Said, explains that there are politics and poetics involved in the representation of the pain of others. This is because most of those willing to represent the pain of others have a reason as to why they tell the story of others. While others represent the pain of others so as to explain to society how life can be unfair, others do it for political reasons and to gain a political following.
For that reason such representation easily borders exploitation and disrespect as the intended purpose of the representation is questionable. As Derrida explains, it is hard for people to represent the pain of others without exploiting or disrespecting the victims with whom they intend to represent. Derrida urges his readers to embrace representation with respect and dignity, thus reducing the possibility of having misrepresented the pain and suffering of these victims.
This paper presents a reflection of Austerlitz by W. G. Sebald. Specifically, the paper utilizes the thoughts and perception of Sontag, Said and Derrida with regards to the representation of others.
Representation in Austerlitz by W. G. Sebald
Austerlitz by W.G. Sebald
In his novel, Austerlitz, Sebald tells the story of Jacques Austerlitz a man who was in search of life’s answers during his time (Sebald 1-320). The novel was published after the author’s death and the novel centers on the events that took place during the World War II and the holocaust. The novels looks at the horrifying events that took place, and uses the central character, Austerlitz to explain the pain and suffering experienced by people during this time (Sebald 1-320). A closer examination of the novel illustrates various concepts of the representation of pain and suffering as discussed by Sontag, Said, and Derrida.
Personal and Political Conflict
A closer examination of the novel by Sebald reveals that the story the author is telling in the novel goes beyond the story of his central character Austerlitz. Arguably the novel examines some of the events that took place during the holocaust and the World War II. Because these two event play a significant role in German history, it is easy for one to recognize political and personal conflict in the novel. The author intends to represent Austerlitz the best way possible, which can only be achieved by examining the political and personal connotations of the story being told in the Novel. He explains how the holocaust and the war took the lives of many innocent people, which in turn challenges his readers politically and personally (Sebald 1-320). Those in support of the wars and holocaust will not agree to the thoughts and attitudes presented in the novel, whereas those that were affected by these events would support the ideas presented in the novel. This in turn causes personal and political problems for readers and the audience to which the novel is intended to address.
Aesthetic and Ethical Dilemma
Another concept regarding the representation of the pain of others that can be noted in the novel relates to Aesthetic and Ethical dilemma of the representation. Arguably, Sebald does a good job in trying to represent Austerlitz’s pain as he does not divulge into the details on the way people suffered during these periods. However, he does not cover this pain and suffering so much to the point that he does not represent Austerlitz and his community accordingly. He highlights some of the things that terrible things that the people experienced during the war and the holocaust thus posing both aesthetic and ethical dilemmas with regards to the representation of the pain of others in the group (Sebald 1-320). Aesthetically, the author intends to bring tell his story as artistically as he possibly can. The only way he can achieve this is to provide a description of the actual events that took place during this time. He paints both the negative and positive picture of the lives of people living during this time, and because of this, an aesthetic dilemma is presented in the novel. Readers are barraged with horrific pictures and images of the events that took place during the holocaust and the war, most of which are aesthetically unappealing.
With regards to presented an ethical dilemma, the Sebald’s representation of the events that took place during the holocaust and the World War II beg the question of whether this representation is ethical or moral. The question of the ethical nature of Sebald’s is based on the question of whether or not this representation is good. Whether by representing Austerlitz and his community, the author does something good for the readers and his audience. Most would argue that his representation is ethical and for that reason, does not present an ethical dilemma, but if one is to consider the consequences of this representation especially o the readers, there appears to be an ethical dilemma in the representation.
Respect and Dignity in Sebald’s Representation
Conclusively, the most notable factor with regards to the representation of the pain of others in the novel relates to the observance of respect and dignity in Sebald’s representation of the life of Austerlitz. Arguably, the author does not exploit his central character or his victims in the novel to communicate his message and perception of the events during the holocaust and the World War II. Evidently, the author indirectly presents his attitudes and perceptions regarding the holocaust and the World War II using the lives of Austerlitz and his communities, he uses their pain and suffering to communicate his message to his readers but he does not exploit their destitution for this. He represents their pain and suffering with dignity and respect and does not inflate or deflate the events that took place for his own personal reasons. Whatever is presented in the novel is the actual thing took place during the time. He provides his evidence by explaining that his knowledge of Austerlitz life (Sebald 1-320).
Work Cited
Sebald, W. G. Austerlitz. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2011. Print.