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Behavior modeling is an exceedingly common topic in today’s world.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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Behavior modeling is an exceedingly common topic in today’s world. It involves mapping and observing the successful processes, which make the foundation of an exceptional performance of some sort. One can define modeling as a process of assimilating complex series of events and breaking them up into small parts for the purposes of recapping them. One of the most significant purposes of modeling is to develop a pragmatic model or map of a certain behavior, which one can utilize to simulate certain aspects of that performance. The main aim of modeling is to identify the significant factors of action and thought needed to produce the desired results or responses. This article will discuss the issue of behavior modeling and why today’s individuals should be concerned with the content shown in films and television programs.
The social learning theory is one of the common behavior theories relevant to criminology. Albert Bandura, one of the world’s significant psychologists believed that aggression and violence is learned through behavior modeling. He argued that people usually are not born with violent tendencies, but they model them later in life. He pointed out that people, and particularly children, learn violence and aggression responses from looking at and observing other individuals, either through the environment, media or personally. He argued that most people hold the notion that aggression and violence will lead to reinforcements. These reinforcements in turn can formulate into tension reduction, gaining praise from others, attaining financial rewards and building one’s self esteem.
During the Bobo doll experiment, the children participating in the experiment imitated the aggression the adults displayed because of reward or positive reinforcement achieved. Bandura had significant interest in development of children, and he pointed out that if aggression and violence in children was diagnosed early enough then these children would reframe from growing up to become adult criminals. He stated that aggression and violence in most children is influenced and encouraged by the positive reinforcement they receive from the family, media and the environment.
The same psychologist also believed that the media and especially, the television is a significant source of behavior modeling. In the current world, television shows and films show violence and aggression graphically. Violence is usually shown as behavior that is acceptable, especially for the heroes who never receive punishment. Since violence and aggression are prominent characteristics of numerous programs, children with a higher level of exposure to the media might show a relatively higher incidence of aggression in imitation to the violence they witness.
There have been numerous incidences and cases of extreme violence were individuals acted aggressively towards others, as a result, of violence witnessed in television programs and films. This is one of the main reasons why in the current world, where all sorts of things are allowed and broadcasted in media ranging from violence to abuse to substance and drug abuse to sexual abuse to undesirable social behaviors, parents must be careful with what they expose their children to in the media. As Bandura argued, children are predisposed to pick and simulate numerous kinds of bad habits from the media, and assimilating and copying the same behaviors. Because of these higher rates of instances of children copying or modeling undesirable behavior from the media, as well as, from adults, there should be increased concern on what films and programs are broadcasted in the television.
Reference
Bandura, A. (1962). Social learning through imitation. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Linux Is Hard To Rule The PC Operating Systems, But It Can Be Widely Used In The Area Of Server Systems And Embedded Systems
Linux Is Hard To Rule The PC Operating Systems, But It Can Be Widely Used In The Area Of Server Systems And Embedded Systems
Introduction
An increase in Linux applications for server and embedded system developments has generated an enthusiastic up-surge in embedded OS market. This aspect is contrasted to its relatively uncompetitive nature in PC and workstations field. WindRiver Systems (WRS) may be considered as a key provider embedded OS vendor, despite an attempt by Microsoft to enter the fray with its Windows CE (Compton, 2000).
It is a tricky effort to predict the future in PC, serve and embedded systems; often it has turned out to be a failed endeavor. In this paper most arguments will be based on positioning of traditional players in embedded systems as of present. Also several initiatives, trends, and forces driving Linux towards embedded systems will be covered. lastly, attention will be paid on how free software and open source community as well as developers of embedded systems influence choice of Linux as a leader in Operating systems (OS) (Yaghmour,2003).
Embedded OS systems
An embedded device refers to any internally sophisticated system comparable to a computer, but does not resemble the traditional desktop machine or serve. Examples range from the “Black box”, internet router, to touchy consumer devices such as credit card readers or cash registers (Lehrbaum, 2001).The universe of embedded computing encompasses PCs of different sizes scaling from portable tiny devices like wristwatch cameras to large systems having thousands of nodes such as telecommunication switches in mainstream worldwide distribution. Embedded systems range from simple microcontrollers to parallel and massive processors which are prodigious to computing memory power (Deshpande, 2004).
Linux operation system is not new, it has been available for years for desktops and servers and has continually gained market share for both computing segments. This growth lends credibility to Linux to established companies in PC industry such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Oracle, Dell, Compaq and others. Although Linux was primarily designed for desktop followed by adaptation to servers, it is currently a force to reckon after entering the fragmented embedded system market (Lehrbaum, 2001).
The embedded OS market still remains fragmented. However, the market tilted in favor of Linux long time when majority of engineers (50%) preferred “roll your own” operating systems which are in-house and custom-made. for this reason Linux becomes more attractive grabbing sizeable market from board established vendors of embedded OS. Linux has also capitalized on this aspect to penetrate the last frontier in global embedded OS. Jack Ganssle, however cautions that Linux future in embedded world is hazy (Yaghmour, 2003).
For instance, BlueCat Linux was released by Real-Time Systems (RTOS) in November 1999, which later changed name to LynuxWorks. Linux added LynxOS to run unmodified binaries for its proprietary RTOS. The company strategy was to capture market for royalty-free and non-real-time embedded OS which continues up to today through BlueCat and LynxOS. Linux is ahead of competitors because most of them like WRS and QNX failed to engage free software and open source community instead made grave mistake by spreading FUD or launching substitutes to please developers of embedded systems (Yaghmour,2003).
Subsequently, stability in Linux commercials has increased in numbers because it’s major distributors of have collapsed into a small but powerful group. This include, SuSE, Red Hat, Debian, mandrake, Slackware, others are Xandros, Gentoo, and LindowOS. The company has taken advantage of growth in Linux installation packages due to improved skills among people (Adam, 2003). For example, Linux release of Kernel 2.6 polarized competition to key vendors of RTOs, such as WinCE and VxWorks to capture a niche in embedded market. The Linux 2.6 introduced various new applications making it an excellent OS in embedded computing. Easier porting to new PCs, enhanced real-time performance, improved I/O, large memory models, and microcontroller’s support system features are reminiscence of Linux 2.6. The features of kernel 2.6 empowered it as a technology firm of choice in the embedded computing world (Deshpande, 2004).
Competition by Microsoft flopped twice in its quest to dominate the embedded market, first by introducing Windows CE which performed marginally, followed by Windows NT embedded system. Despite the competition, Linux still managed to scale heights by heaping a $ 3.5 billion per annum from embedded system development tools. In the past two years alone, enthusiasm for Linux systems has dramatically increased (Compton, 2000). Future of Linux looks bright with the launch of Mini-ITX as one of modern Ultra-compact technology targeting new generation entertainment and information systems. This technology has revolutionized latest generation minute, ergonomic, affordable, and innovative embedded systems incorporating technology convergence and integration such as Flash, Slim-drives and other potable gadgets (Linux Devices, 2004).
The merits that Linux offers in embedded systems are similarly applied its popular Server operating system strengths. This includes low cost, open source code, and high reliability. This is a plus for most programmers working on Linux OS development. Although, TimeSys and MontaVista as established embedded OS players leading claim for new markets targeting Linux distributors, their efforts can not surplus advantages of systems such as BlueCat and Lynux Real-Time Systems among their users (Compton, 2000).
Conclusion
Success of Linux in server and embedded systems unlike the PC competition is attributed to technology revolution amid economic, financial, and technological inhibitions without fear of unknown. Company’s which stick on the past and worry over risks limits management from venturing into future prosperity. Therefore Linux, embedded systems versatile compatibility simplified complex applications to satisfy human needs. Innovation of Mini-ITX is one of modern Ultra-compact technology targeting new generation entertainment and information systems. This technology has revolutionized latest generation minute, ergonomic, affordable, and innovative embedded systems incorporating technology convergence and integration (Linux Devices, 2004).This can be likened to delegating responsibility to vendors in the field, generating sound business economics, and increasing market share with aim of future long-term benefits (Heller, 2006).
References
Adam, S (2003). The Future of Linux. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.osnews.com/story/5354/Editorial_The_Future_of_Linux>
Compton, J. (2000).Is Linux the Embedded Operating System of the Future? Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.developer.com/tech/article.php/625941/Is-Linux-the-Embedded-Operating-System-of-the-Future.htm>
Deshpande, A.R. (2004). Linux Kernel 2.6: the Future of Embedded Computing, Part I. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7477>
Heller, R. (2006). Business Competition: The new challenges and challengers in the business revolution. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/business-competition.php>
Lehrbaum, R. (2001). Whitepaper: Linux’s Future in the Embedded Market. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Whitepaper-Linuxs-Future-in-the-Embedded-Market/>
Linux Devices. (2004). Mini-ITX madness. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/Linux-For-Devices-Articles/MiniITX-madness/>
Yaghmour, K. (2003). Building Embedded Linux Systems: Embedded Systems, Linux, and the Future. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from <http://www.cotsjournalonline.com/articles/view/100129>
Marketing
Marketing
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Product ideas for Nike
1. Develop game apps
2. Venture into the smart hardware industry
3. Host TV shows for marathon or contests
4. Host enthusiast sports events
5. Establish specialty gyms like rock climbing
6. Venture into nutritional and health advice business
7. Manufacture sports bikes and sport cars
8. Sponsor and hold events like rallies
9. Invest in building sporting grounds for hire
10. Sponsor young talents
Best idea
Manufacture sporting bikes and cars
Nike ventures in promoting sports and therefore the concept of manufacturing sports bikes and sporting cars is in line with their field. The introduction of the Nike bikes and Cars manufactured explicitly for racing will attract more customers to the field of sports for entertainment and healthy fitness.
Target market
The target market for these products will be specifically for people who particular don’t participate in gaming events like footballs and athletics but are interested in safari rallies as well as bike racing. Besides those who wish to ride bikes for fun. Overall the product targets the general population, especially for the bikes.
Market and advertisement
The two products will be advertised through the media such as TV shows, social media and also through brand ambassadors in various parts of the world. Customer loyalty will also play a significant role in the marketing of the products since millions of customers have trusted the Nike Company for their quality.
The brand name for the products
The product names will be: ‘Nike Bikes’ for the bikes and ‘Nike Safaris’ for the sports cars.
Test market
The test market will be among the willing volunteers who will test the product and comment on product satisfaction, and they will include people in the racing sports.
Commercialization
The products will commence it sales after test and the complete satisfaction of the simulating pioneers. The volunteers will each be awarded either a bike or a car depending on the sporting field. Afterwards, the products will start commercialization through pre-order until the market is already aware of the product. Later, there will be mass production of the products that will be ferried at various Nike deports all over the globe.