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The Scientific Method and Innovations: Part 2

Create a pamphlet that communicates the information from the analysis submitted as Assessment 1. Your pamphlet should be appropriate to your audience and informs them of the impacts lifestyle choices have on the risk of cancer.

Scientific results that aren’t reported might as well not exist. They’re like the sound of one hand clapping.

—Robert O. Becker, orthopedic surgeon and Researcher

Cells, the microscopic building blocks of life, were first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1655. But it took another 200 years, and a scientist named Rudolph Virchow, to study how diseases actually affect those cells. Today, doctors use Virchow’s work to better diagnose and treat patients. But this is only possible because Virchow persevered in his work, told the scientific community about his discoveries, and made sure that others could confirm his findings (Edwards, 2013; Schultz, 2008).

In this assessment, you’ll continue to grow your innovation, problem-solving, and results-driven skills as you explore how scientists stay resilient in the face of failure, explain their work, and ensure that their conclusions are reliable.

It’s hard to overstate the importance of reading our own instruction book, and that’s what the human genome project is all about.

—Francis Collins, former director of the National Human Genome Research Institute

  • 13 years.
  • 2,800 researchers.
  • 20,500 genes.

The Human Genome Project was a massive undertaking with an ambitious goal: to create a map of every human gene and learn how all our traits, including those for certain disorders, are passed down from generation to generation (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.).

In this assessment, you will further develop your problem-solving skills as you explore how scientists are using discoveries about the human genome to treat and prevent diseases.

References

Edwards, S. (2013). Rudolph Virchow, the father of cellular pathology. https://www.aaas.org/rudolph-virchow-father-cellular-pathology

National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.). What is the Human Genome Project? https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/What

Schultz, M. (2008). Rudolph Virchow. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603088/

Overview

In Assessment 1, you analyzed a data set and then used the scientific method to determine if the data supports your hypothesis on whether lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of cancer. In this assessment, you will demonstrate results-driven skills by translating the study you analyzed in Assessment 1 into a pamphlet that will educate a targeted audience so they can make informed decisions for themselves.

Preparation

Use the following scenario for this assessment:

You work as a research assistant at a primary care center, where your role is to ask patients their lifestyle choices (that is, smoking, exercise, environmental exposures, et cetera). Based on this information, create a pamphlet to inform patients the risks of their choices so that the patients can make informed decisions for themselves.

Create a pamphlet that is appropriate for your targeted audience. You may use tools such as Word, PowerPoint, or Publisher to create your pamphlet. If you feel stuck, you can do a Google search to see examples of pamphlet layouts. 

Instructions

Complete the following:

  • Step 1: Interpret the benefits and risks to the consumer using evidence from the course resources or your own study. Provide opinions and examples to support your interpretation and message to the targeted readers.
  • Step 2: Create a pamphlet appropriate for targeted readers. Use the information from Assessment 1 to fully describe the impacts of lifestyle choices on the risk of cancer. Make sure you include resources for targeted readers who might want to do more reading on the information found in your pamphlet.

When you are satisfied with your pamphlet, submit it to this assessment.

Additional Requirements

Your submission should meet the following requirements:

  • Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Font and font size: Arial, 12 point.
  • Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 1: Apply the scientific method to examine the science behind key innovations.
    • Interpret the benefits and risks to the consumer using evidence from the course resources or own study.
  • Competency 2: Analyze credible information to explain how science is currently solving real-world problems.
    • Create a pamphlet appropriate for targeted readers.
  • Competency 4: Address assessment purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences.
    • Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.

The Scientific Method and Innovations: Part 1

Practice your problem-solving skills by using the scientific method to determine if you can rely on data to reject or accept your hypothesis on whether lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of cancer.

Science is simply the word we use to describe a method of organizing our curiosity.

—Tim Minchin, comedian and musician

Every day, everywhere incredible processes are shaping and affecting our world. A bundle of cells multiplies over and over again, forming the heart tissue of a growing fetus. A group of researchers studies a deadly virus, working toward a vaccine. A team seeks new methods to safely develop sustainable energy. 

Understanding science is more important than ever. Because while there is real, reputable research being conducted in every scientific field, there is also an endless stream of unreliable information that only looks like valid science flooding our newsfeeds. We have to reason our way through all these claims and figure out the best way to respond. That may mean making a thoughtful decision, changing our behavior, or doing more research.

In this course, you’ll learn about basic biology, public health, and environmental science, and you’ll discover scientific strategies and techniques that will help you strengthen three essential skills. They are:

  • Problem solving: Through the scientific method, you will learn how to communicate about discoveries of the past, solve real-world problems in the present, and analyze alternative approaches to solve problems in the future.
  • Results driven: Scientific discovery requires resilience and focus on achieving results—even in the face of obstacles and failure—all without compromising integrity or quality.
  • Innovation: Thinking like a scientist requires constant curiosity, creativity, a willingness to test new ideas, and a mindset that is open to unexpected perspectives.

Overview

This assessment allows you to practice your problem-solving skills by identifying and communicating the key parts of the scientific method. You will use the scientific method to determine if you can rely on data to reject or accept your hypothesis on whether lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of cancer. Once you understand the scientific method and how it helps scientists seek answers to important questions, you can apply it when answering questions and solving problems in your own life. Problem solving is a universal skill and one you will continue to refine as you progress throughout your career.

In this assessment, you will use scientific method to do an analysis of the data provided in the assessment template. Based on this assessment, you will prepare a pamphlet for your targeted readers in Assessment 2. You will use the feedback on your analysis in this assessment to prepare your pamphlet.

Preparation

Use the following scenario for this assessment:

You work as a research assistant at a primary care center, where your role is to ask patients about their lifestyle choices (that is, smoking, exercise, environmental exposures, et cetera). Based on this information, create a pamphlet to inform patients of the risks of their choices so that the patients can make informed decisions for themselves.

  1. Refer to the following:
    • Taylor, M. R., Simon, J., Dickey, J. L., Hogan, K. A., & Reece, J. B. (2020). Campbell biology concepts & connections (10th ed.). Pearson. Available in the courseroom via the VitalSource Bookshelf link.
      • Chapter 1, “Biology: The Scientific Study of Life,” Figure 1.4 on page 9.
      • Chapter 11, “How Genes Are Controlled,” pages 212–232.
  2. Review the data set in The Scientific Method and Innovations: Part 1 Assessment Template [DOCX] to do your analysis. You will enter your analysis into this template and submit it in this assessment.

Instructions

Keep in mind that these are the steps for using the scientific method to analyze the data. Follow these steps to complete this assessment:

  • Step 1: Explain the scientific method.
    • Identify the origins of this method and provide examples of its application to solve real-world problems.
    • Describe why this method ensures a sound analysis of data.
  • Step 2: Define the process or steps in the scientific method.
    • Describe the typical activities that would happen in that step or process.
    • Describe the objective of each step and the typical activities or tasks for that step.
  • Step 3: Apply the scientific method to determine if lifestyle choices can address the issues of the study.
    • Analyze the data given in the assessment template to see the relationship between lifestyle choices and the risk of cancer. What observations have you made about some of the lifestyle choices and cancer?
    • Evaluate the data to determine if lifestyle choices have any bearing on the risk of cancer, and how. Provide opinions and supporting examples.
  • Step 4: Articulate the conclusions reached in the study.
    • Make the connection between the data and how this leads to the conclusion. Include specific data to support your thoughts about the conclusion.
    • Define a hypothesis that is suggested by the data collected in the primary care center. What is your prediction based on the data collected?
    • Explain how you would use the scientific method to test your hypothesis or prediction.
    • Describe the results. Do you accept or reject your hypothesis? Explain your answer in detail.
  • Step 5: Describe the possible limitations of interpreting your conclusions.
    • Identify the possible limitations of the collected data. What kinds of things might be happening that the data aren’t showing?
    • Explain how the limitations of the data might cause a misinterpretation of the data.

Additional Requirements

Your submission should meet the following requirements:

  • Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Font and font size: Arial, 12 point.
  • Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 1: Apply the scientific method to examine the science behind key innovations.
    • Explain the scientific method.
    • Define the process or steps in the scientific method.
  • Competency 2: Analyze credible information to explain how science is currently solving real-world problems.
    • Apply the scientific method to determine if lifestyle choices can address the issues of the study.
    • Describe the possible limitations of interpreting the conclusions.
  • Competency 3: Analyze alternative solutions and approaches to unsolved scientific problems.
    • Articulate the conclusions reached in the study.
  • Competency 4: Address assessment purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences.
    • Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.

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