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Marijuana (3)
CONTENTS
Introduction
TOC o “1-3” h z u I. Marijuana PAGEREF _Toc79816602 h 1 A Origin
B Factors
C Legal
II Inavailability of enough support 2 A Purpose
B collaboration
C Evidence
III The use and popularity of marijuana drug 3 A popularity
B Impact
C riskiness of substance
HYPERLINK l “_Toc79816605” IV. Evidence for policy changes and hypothesis 4
A policy changes
B hypothesis
C Comparison between marijuana and alcohol
IV. Tremendous economic profit 5 A Economic profit
B social effect
C removal of law
V. chemical effect,challenges and responsibility of teenagers 6 A chemical effect of marijuana
B challenges of teenagers
C responsibility of teenagers
VI. marijuana legalization ,trafficking and introduction of Rand organization 7 A marijuana trafficking
B increase of legalization of marijuana
C introduction of the RAND organization
VII. Social and chemical effect 8 A long term significance of marijuana
B short term significance of marijuana
C addiction of the workers of the government
VIII Results of marijuana on individual health 9 A direct effects on individual health
B short term memory
C Results on the entire society
Marijuana We should not legalize marijuana for medical purpose
Marijuana is a drug from cannabis plant native to Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, it is used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purpose in various traditional medicines.
Medical marijuana is legal in 20 states and the direct District of Columbia, recreational Marijuana is now legal in Washington and Colorado.
Marijuana is used in medication prescribed by physician and it has been approved, prescribed and made available to the public are very different from other commercially available prescription drugs. Due to this differences fake problems monstrous by the public and many physicians.
The first anti-marijuana laws in the United States date from 1911, when
Massuachusetts banned marijuana, followed in 1913 by California, Maine, Wyoming, and
Indiana. Other states followed suit over the next two decades; by 1933, 27 had
criminalized marijuana. The main factors generating these new laws seem to have been
anti-Mexican sentiment (whipped up by popular notions that marijuana was a social ill
brought by Mexican laborers) and fear that marijuana would engender criminal or even
murderous tendencies in its users.
At the federal level, marijuana was legal in the United States until 1937, when
Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act, effectively criminalizing marijuana and
prohibiting its possession or sale under federal law. Only those who paid a hefty excise
tax were permitted to use marijuana for medical and industrial uses. In the 1950s, a series
of federal laws, including the Boggs Act of 1952 and the Narcotics Control Act of 1956,
strengthened penalties against marijuana use and imposed mandatory jail sentences for
drug-related offenses.
Attitudes began to change in the late 1960s; in 1970 Congress repealed most
mandatory penalties for drug-related offenses, based on the view that mandatory
minimums had done little to curb drug use (Schlosser 1994). The 1972 Shafer
Commission, appointed by President Nixon and operating under the National Commission
The following are reasons why we should not legalize marijuana for medical purpose;
In availability of enough support
Commercially available drugs are subjected to vigorous clinical trials to evaluate protection and worth in the United States.
There have been efficacy of smoked marijuana for any of its potential indication, which provides evidence that that showed that marijuana was superior to control but inferior to Ondansetron in treating nausea.
There has been only one randomized, double-blind, placebo-and active-controlled trial gaging the efficacy of smoked marijuana for any of its potential indications.
Conchrane collaboration the recent reviews find insufficient evidence to support the use of smoked marijuana for a number of potential indications, including pain related to rheumatoid arthritis. Dementia, ataxia or tremor in multiple sclerosis and symptoms in HIV/AIDS.
This all evidence does not mean that components of marijuana do not have potential therapeutic effects to alleviate onerous. Hence there is no enough evidence to legalize marijuana from cannabis plant.
The use and popularity of marijuana drug
The use of the marijuana drug and popularity of the same continues to gain audience among young individuals who focus on its use as beneficial to health rather than harmful. The cannabis plant is indigenous to Asia, but is currently used the word over the increasing numbers among individuals who use the drug has basis on continued protests from the public displaying the estimated impact of marijuana liberalizations on marijuana and other substance use, driving under the influence, healthy behaviors, driving safety, the ease of obtaining various substances, illness and perceived self-esteem, friends’ substance use, friends’ disapproval of substance use or DUI, self-reported criminal behavior, perceived riskiness of substance use, and
disapproval of substance use.
Evidence for policy changes and hypothesis
While we provide no evidence here for why the policy changes have not had more
substantial impacts, we speculate briefly on the underlying explanation. The most obvious
hypothesis is that, despite substantial resources devoted to enforcement, marijuana laws
exert only minor impact on use, so removal of these laws merely ratifies de jure what is
Marijuana advocates have had some success peddling the notion that marijuana is a “soft” drug, similar to alcohol, and fundamentally different formulated similarly; but as the experience of nearly every culture, over the thousands of years of human history, demonstrates, alcohol is different. Nearly every culture has its own alcoholic preparations, and nearly all have successfully regulated alcohol consumption through cultural norms. The same cannot be said of marijuana. There are several possible explanations for alcohol’s unique status: For most people, it is not addictive; it is rarely consumed to the point of intoxication; low-level consumption is consistent with most manual and intellectual tasks; it has several positive health benefits; and it is formed by the fermentation of many common substances and easily metabolized by the body.
Tremendous economic profit
Under the state scheme, she testified, there would be “tremendous profit motive for the existing black market providers to stay in the market.”42 The only way California could effectively eliminate the black market for marijuana, according to Dr. Pacula, “is to take away the substantial profits in the market and allow the price of marijuana to fall to an amount close to the cost of production. Doing so, however, will mean substantially smaller tax revenue than currently anticipated from this change in policy.”
Social and chemical effect
The chemical effect of marijuana is to take away ambition. The social effect is to provide an escape from challenges and responsibilities with a like-minded group of teenagers who are doing the same thing. Using marijuana creates losers. At a time when we’re concerned about our lack of academic achievement relative to other countries, legalizing marijuana will be disastrous.
Legalization of marijuana and trafficking
Today, marijuana trafficking is linked to a variety of crimes, from assault and murder to money laundering and smuggling. Legalization of marijuana would increase demand for the drug and almost certainly exacerbate drug-related crime, as well as cause a myriad of unintended but predictable consequences. To begin with, an astonishingly high percentage of criminals are marijuana users. According to a study by the RAND Corporation, approximately 60 percent of arrestees test positive for marijuana use in the United States, England, and Australia. Further, marijuana metabolites are found in arrestees’ urine more frequently than those of any other drug.
Results of marijuana on individual health
In addition to its direct effects on individual health, even moderate marijuana use imposes significant long-term costs through the ways that it affects individual users. Marijuana use is associated with cognitive difficulties and influences attention, concentration, and short-term memory. This damage affects drug users’ ability to work and can put others at risk. Even if critical workers—for example, police officers, airline pilots, and machine operators—used marijuana recreationally but remained sober on the job, the long-term cognitive deficiency that remained from regular drug use would sap productivity and place countless people in danger. Increased use would also send health care costs skyrocketing—costs borne not just by individual users, but also by the entire society.
Lesson plan using blooms taxonomy
Lesson plan using bloom’s taxonomy
Name
Institution
Lesson plan using bloom’s taxonomy
Effective learning strongly relies on proper curriculum methods for it to be effective. To achieve this different learning domains have been developed and produced a variety of results. The Bloom’s Taxonomy is a perfect example of a learning domain or style that has been implemented and attained excellent results in learning. This is because the learning domain strongly concentrates on providing recalling systems or facts recognition. To achieve this objective bloom’s Taxonomy is designed to be implemented in six stages and can be used to teach different school grades and disciplines. A good example of a bloom’s taxonomy is a six stage calculus lesson plan for second year high school students.
Knowledge: the students are assisted to remember what they have learnt previously relating to the topic. This is to assist them in bridging their mind with appropriate information that will assist in understanding the new concepts.
Comprehension: this is requiring assisting student to grasp the new learning material or concepts. In calculus teaching the stage can easily be attained by translating numbers to words or simply summarizing the concepts.
Application: the stage mainly focuses on proper use of learning materials and concrete situations. This will require ensuring the students can easily use the principles, theories, methods and concepts associated with the topic.
Analysis: breaking down the entire topic into components or parts in relation to the organizational structure will be essential. The aim of this stage is to ensure students identify the part, relate them and recognize the principles required. In calculus students need to understand the stages that come with the final mathematical decisions to be able to properly understand the concepts fully.
Synthesis: the main focus of this stage is the ability of students to put the part together to come up with one whole. This stage also requires proper communication qualities and research to understand which sections are critical to the final answer.
Evaluation: ability to judge value of material is determining the required purpose. This being the final stage in the lesson plan according to Bloom’s Taxonomy, students should be able to evaluate the quality of the final results.
Babies Behind Bars
Babies Behind Bars
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Attachment refers to a specific aspect of the relationship that a child has with its caregiver that is meant to make the child feel safe, secure, and protected. The theory remains to be one of the most empirically grounded and popular theories pertaining to parenting. Worth noting, the purpose of attachment is not to entertain or play with them; this would be the playmate’s or parent’s role. Additionally, neither is attachment meant to feed the child, test its limits nor teach them new skills. This would be the work of their caregiver, disciplinarian, or teacher respectively. Attachment provides an opportunity for the caregiver to provide the child with a secure base that serves as a source of comfort and a haven for safety (Benoit, 2004). Worth noting, attachment should not be confused with bonding. It is unfortunate that both non-professional and professionals continue to use the two terms interchangeably. The latter was coined by Klaus and Kennel, who opined that a parent-child bond relied on skin-to-skin contact was critical in the initial period. When asked to describe secure attachment, the picture that comes to the minds of most professionals is a mother breastfeeding a baby while in a good mood or a father engaging their child in activities like fishing expeditions or playing volleyball. What makes attachment different and beneficial is that it is a powerful determinant of children’s later emotional and social outcomes. According to recent longitudinal research, having a loving caregiver and developing a secure and organized attachment to them acts as a protection against emotional and social maladjustment for children and infants.
Background of American Prisons
Around 1871, prisoners were deemed to be slaves of the state and had no rights. This notion was tossed aside between the early 1900s and mid-1900s when the hands of doctrine emerged. In line with this doctrine, courts refrained from intervening and could not adjudicate the constitutional rights of prisoners. They did not feel that it was their place to define prisoners’ power and safeguard their rights. By the 1970s, the courts had let go of the hands-off doctrine. In 1974, a decision by the Supreme Court in the Wolff v. McDonnell case declared that it would offer prisoners with some protections in spite of their loss of liberty. The maiden prison institution for women in the United States was established in 1873 in Indiana, housing around 40-60 people. By 1920, five more women’s prisons were added, including Minnesota, California, Arkansas, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Seventy years later, there were women’s prisons in about half of all states. 1980s saw a boom in the expansion of women’s prisons that proceeded into the 1990s. By 1997, there was at least one female facility in all 50 states bringing the total to 108 facilities. By the end of 2000, nearly 93 234 women were convicted to state and federal prisons and by 2010, the number had risen to about 112 822. The United States has the leading prison population rate globally, with 716 incarcerations per 100,000. More than half of remaining countries boast a rate of 150 per 100, 000. These are unprecedented numbers in both the country’s history and that of liberal democracy. Currently, the United State prison population stands at 2.2 million, mainly due to the unreliance that the imprisonment system has shown over the previous decades (Bretherton, 2010). Criminal law has been framed in such a way that imposes punishment for misconduct instead of rewarding good conduct. Essentially, more emphasis is often on preventing undesirable behavior than encouraging desirable behavior. This method of punishment begs the question of whether prisoners are sent to prison as a punishment or for punishment.
Some of the pros of the Wee Ones Nursery Program is that it has been found to have a good outcome for both the mother and the child. Such programs reduce re-offending rates significantly compared to their counterparts that do not make it into the program. Additionally, the programs bolster mother-child attachment. According to research, infants that have been brought up in prison nurseries have been found to have the same attachment as ordinary children in society. The first year of development is very fundamental for children’s growth and children that stay with their mothers in prison present with lower amounts and depression compared to incarcerated ones. On the downside, nursery programs can be costly to run. This explains the competition and limited slots that are available on the program. Additionally, critics say that women may purposely get pregnant to access the more comfortable living conditions that come with being part of the program.
Guidelines for Indiana Prison
There were various guidelines for the Wee Ones Prison Nursery program at Indiana Women’s Prison. To be eligible for the program, the inmate must not have been convicted of a violent criminal offense in their life. Additionally, for them to become part of the program, they should be remaining with a sentence of 18 months or less. Additionally, women prisoners were required to have given to a healthy baby for them to be allowed to keep their children with them. The experience was beneficial to some women and traumatizing and disappointing for others. The Indiana facility newborn unit could only accommodate ten newborns at every one time. According to the Babies Behind Bars (2014) documentary around 40 women were pregnant at every one time. This made competition tight. Women that did not meet the eligibility criteria had no option but to let go of their child within 24 hours of giving birth. The children were put in foster care or under the care of a family member with visitation rights. The experience was difficult for women that were not eligible but satisfying for those that made it into the program.
Intervention Studies and Outcomes
One of the studies conducted in relation to the prison nursery program was the mentoring program. Shlafer and Poehlmann carried out multi-informant multi-method studies in the context of a mentoring program for children whose parents had been incarcerated (Elmalak, 2015). The research employee, particularly fathers. Although the program was unsuccessful, it established that researchers should not assume that children with imprisoned planets view them as attachment figures or that they are interested in communicating with them.
Personal Opinion and Suggestions
In my viewpoint, prison nursery initiatives are a brilliant idea. They provide a perfect way for women offenders to serve their sentences while they serve their sentence at the same time. There can only be good outcome for both the mother and the infant. It gives them an opportunity to create a lasting bond between mother and babies. It is enough reason to help them become better versions of themselves for the sake of their children. To improve the program, the parties involved should find a way to find the required resources by writing proposal for funding. This way, they can develop a bigger new-born unit in the prison that will accommodate a substantial amount of pregnant women. This way, a lot of women will not have to be excluded from the program.
Works Cited
Benoit, D. (2004). Infant-parent attachment: Definition, types, antecedents, measurement and
outcome. Paediatr Child Health, 9, 541-545.
Bretherton, I. (2010). Parental incarceration: The challenges for attachment
researchers. Attachment & Human Development, 12, 417- 428.
Elmalak, S. (2015). Babies behind bars: An evaluation of prison nurseries in American female
prisons and their potential constitutional challenges. Pace Law Review, 35(3), 1080-1106.
Richardson, A. (Director). (2011). Babies behind bars. Documentary retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nErmW89hr0&t=25sand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWaZ34Vmaf4