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Lesson Plan for Geometry
Lesson Plan
Name
Professor
Institute
Course
Year
Code: EDMA417
Lesson Plan Format
Class: JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
Date: Monday, 12th March, 2013 Time: Start: __09:00 a.m.__________
Finish: __ 09:40 a.m._________
Key Learning Area: TRIGONOMETRY
Lesson Topic: GEOMETRY
Recent Prior Experience (specific relevant concepts, skills and values the school students have experienced prior to this lesson):
To ensure that the learning process is smooth, students will be applying already learnt concepts and skills from the topic of Construction.
Syllabus Outcome(s):
(One or two only. Please note the syllabus reference number AND write out in full).
– K–10 NSW Mathematics Syllabus (NSWBOS, 2013).
–
Indicators of Learning for this lesson:
Behaviors that contribute toward achievement of outcome(s).
Quote syllabus numbers. Must be clear, specific, observable.
Curriculum Content Strands may be used as headings.
By the end of this lesson, the students will:
Be able to define the term Geometry
Understand the difference between Drawing and Construction in Geometry.
Be able to prepare/ construct different shapes/ angles using only a pair of compasses and a ruler.
Identify and understand the step by step procedure of constructing a triangle using a ruler and a compass. This may be carried out through a creative activity and participation in intellectual individual work or Group Work for the main purpose of solving mathematical problems through the laid down procedure (O’Brien 2005).
Be able to apply already leant basic concepts and skills to calculate the size of different angles based on construction specification.
Be able to apply learnt knowledge and skills to different careers that incorporate the same applications in geometry for the main purpose of running or conducting their operations. For instance, perspective drawing.
Solve or work out mathematical problems on related topic. Assessment:
Strategies which will be used to assess
Learners’ attainment of learning outcomes.
Should be linked to each learning indicator.
In order for the student to acquire essential knowledge, proper understanding and skill in the Geometry, frequent consultation of the syllabus together with enough resource materials in terms of text books are vital (Afamasaga-Fuata’i 2009).
According to Beckmann, Thompson & Rubenstein, teachers should fit in a learner centered approach during instruction. The idea here is to help the students differentiate between drawing and construction in Geometry. After discussing what Geometry entails, it is important for the teacher to show the students how the constructed shapes in Geometry behave under different angles. All learning activities focus on the learner. The importance of using a learner centered approach is to ensure that the student learns by doing. The teacher’s role within this context is only that of supervision and providing assistance (2010).
Another way that the learner centered approach can prove useful is through the incorporation of Group work activities during and after instruction. For the groups to be effective, the groups should comprise of 3 or 4 members.
Any safety issues to be considered:
Resources:
List resources you used in preparing the lesson AND those used in the lesson implementation.
Mathematical Class Text Book
NSW K-10 syllabus
Teacher Notes
LESSON SEQUENCE
Lesson Content / Indicators of Learning (What is Taught):
Note key skills, concepts and values
addressed in each section. Link to your Indicators of Learning. Timing
(mins) Teaching Strategies / Learning Experiences:
(How it is taught)
Write detailed steps showing what the teacher (T) will do and what students (Ss) will do. Resources and Organization:
INTRODUCTION
Introducing the Topic Geometry
3
(T): The introductory part can be executed perfectly using the Question and Answer approach;
Who can define the term Geometry?
Geometry can be defined as a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationship of different points in lines properties, surfaces, solids, and higher dimensional equivalents.
To make it possible for learners to comprehend and understand the definition, simple and clear English should be used.
(Ss): The student is at the center of the learning process.
Within this context, the teacher should be insightful when approving/ dismissing student comments with regard to the definition(s) as attempted by students when asked.
The student opinion/answers as per their level of understanding.
Students should first listen and later take notes on the definition of Geometry.
Another way that the learner centered approach can prove useful is through the incorporation of Group work activities during and after instruction. For the groups to be effective, the groups should comprise of 3 or 4 members (Orlich 2013). Whiteboard and/or blackboard.
Summarized Teacher notes.
DEVELOPMENT
25
Together with the students in their already formed groups, we shall work through the laid down step by step procedure of working our way through geometric problems. By so doing, we shall be able to find full solution to each problem in the mathematical class text (Leech 2007). The chances here are that from the formed groups, the students will be able add, subtract, multiply and divide based on the fact that they will learn from their colleagues. Within this context, the teacher can constantly monitor student progress from the supervisions.
Mathematical Class Text
Whiteboard and/or blackboard.
Geometry apparatus such as compass, ruler and divider
Summarized Teacher notes.
CLOSURE
Conclusion
5
To make the recap or summary effective and meaningful, it is of great importance that the black/ whiteboard(s) remain clean and the close their books so that they are able to use their power of recall. In addition, this step makes it possible for teacher(s) to test the effectiveness of the teaching strategies being put into practice.
Since this lesson involved the incorporation of two learning strategies, the teacher centered approach and the learner centered approach (group work), representatives selected from different groups will give their group presentation based on their findings.
Different groups will focus on answering the questions below.
Who can remember our earlier definition of the term Geometry?
The teacher can ask the representative to do a recap of the laid down procedure that is followed during construction in geometry at the same time explaining this processes.
Give examples of career/professions associated with geometry. References
Afamasaga-Fuata’i, K. (2009). Concept mapping in mathematics: Research into practice. New York: Springer.
Beckmann, C. E., Thompson, D. R., & Rubenstein, R. N. (2010). Teaching and learning high school mathematics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Leech, B. C. (2007). Geometry’s great thinkers: The history of geometry. New York: Rosen Publishing Group’s PowerKids Press.
O’Brien, K. E. (2005). Successful devices in teaching geometry. Portland, Me: J.W. Walch.
Orlich, D. C. (2013). Teaching strategies: A guide to effective instruction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
B0721-01 Task 8 (300 words)
Task #8
My story is about The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard extracted from Matthew 20:1-16. The Story is found in the New Testament as a narration of the Gospel according to Matthew. The book of Matthew is said to have been written in 70 CE by Matthew the Evangelist, a former apostle of Jesus who was an accountant or a tax collector (Evans, 2012). The book is the first among the books referred to as the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It is a part of three others, Mark, Luke, and John. Matthew is also a synoptic gospel together with Mark and Luke because of the similarities in the point of view and narration style.
In Matthew 19: 27-30, there is an introduction of what is to be presented in the form of the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard. Peter tells Jesus that the disciples have forsaken everything to follow him and Jesus answers that for everything they have lost, they would be repaid a hundredfold with everlasting life. The last verse, Matthew 19: 30, introduces the phrase that the first shall be last and the last shall become first. After the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard, Jesus predicts his own death, suffering, and resurrection in verse 18-19.
In the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard, the main characters include an employer and his employees. The employer is generous, kind, and just in decision making. He is also firm and a good leader. The employees are affected by the employer’s actions differently. Some laborers are disgruntled that the actions of their boss are unfair. In the end, every one gets exactly what they had bargained for. The conflict in the story is about justice and the perception of fairness. In the end, the story reveals that the employer acted according to the agreement.
The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard is about an employer who went to look for laborers early in the morning. He hires different men agreeing to pay a certain amount for a day’s work. he goes out at different times to look for more laborers. When giving their wages, those who begun working early in the morning are rewarded the same pay as those that came late in the evening. The result is that the early hires are disgruntled and do not see the situation as fair based on the amount of effort. The employer explains that his actions were fair and just. He had paid everyone exactly what they had agreed upon. He questioned the disgruntled laborers on whether they were envious of his generosity.
References
Evans, C. A. (2012). Matthew. Cambridge University Press.
AWays to raise capital
IPO
Student’s name
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
Ways to raise capital for the company including pros and cons of each
There are three basic ways for businesses to generate funds, typically. These methods include getting funded by a bank or lending institution, from net earnings, and issuing equity capital. However, even though these methods are effective, they come with their fair share of drawbacks (Dean et al 2020). Businesses should consider each method before deciding which one to use.
1) Getting Funding from a Bank or Lending Institution: There are many benefits of getting a loan. Most banks will grant loans for businesses that have been operational for more than two years and for companies that can show assets exceeding $500,000. They will also grant them to certain types of businesses with proven revenues and profits. However, it is important to keep in mind that very few banks and lending institutions will grant loans to businesses that have no operations or have never operated before.
Pros and Cons
The pros:
-They are cheaper than equity financing
-They provide the borrower with a good amount of working capital for his business.
-They usually come with low interest rates, but there is still an interest rate associated with the loan that you take out.
The cons:
-They usually come with high interest rates.
-Hooked on other assets such as real estate, a business owner will often be tempted to put the loan on the value of their assets, which is not a good idea.
-They are difficult to obtain and there are many hoops to jump through.
-The business owner is in charge of paying back the loan he has taken out, which means he is in charge of running the entire company unless he chooses to let others manage it for him.
2) Net Earnings: Prospective business owners and managers should know that net earnings are the types of revenues generated by a company after all general and administrative expenses are deducted. This is one of the primary ways for business owners to generate capital. It is important for business owners and managers to keep track of their net earnings so they can make adjustments in an effort to increase those earnings. For example, if a company’s net income is below $25,000 then this indicates that the business should focus on increasing its revenue. The same goes for companies with higher revenues.
Pros and Cons of Net Earnings
Pros
-The first benefit of net earnings is that it is a part of the company’s revenues.
-The second benefit is that this type of capital can be used in a variety of ways. Some owners will decide to use their net earnings to reinvest in the business, while others may choose to use it for themselves or do away with it completely.
-The third benefit is that it provides business owners and managers with the tools they need to make adjustments so they can increase their revenues, meaning they have control over what happens within their businesses.
-The fourth benefit is that it gives business owners and managers the opportunity to use their time better, which they will be able to do if they know what is going on in the company.
-The fifth benefit of net earnings is that it allows business owners and managers to make decisions about how their company should look like. They can make the decision to get a new inventory or invest in technology.
Cons
-The first con is that this type of financing does not come with a lot of collateral for the bank or lending institution, meaning they will not be willing to lend as much money as they would otherwise.
-The second con is that owners and managers are not able to take out a lot of money at once, which means they will have to be more patient than they would if they had taken out a loan.
-The third con is that it takes time for net earnings to be realized, meaning the owner or manager may have difficulty paying certain bills in the meantime.
3) Issuing Equity Capital: The issuance of equity capital is one of the most effective ways for businesses to obtain capital, especially when they are extremely cash strapped and cannot obtain other funding methods. In general, businesses that issue equity capital are able to raise up to 80% of the money they need by using it as a source of investment. In addition, if the business decides to sell around 20% of its stock at a discount, then the rest of the money can be reinvested in additional equipment or product development.
The pros and cons of issuing equity capital are:
Pros
-It is cost efficient and allows the business to get access to large amounts of cash for expansion or for other needs.
-The business does not have to continue paying back its loan, which means its owner can no longer be in charge of running the company.
-It allows the business owner to sell a portion of his company at a discount in order to reinvest most or all of his proceeds back into the company.
-It usually comes with more favorable terms.
Cons
-It is one of the most expensive forms of funding
-It is hard to get investors interested in investing in a certain company.
-The success of the company relies on whether or not a large amount of investors come forward and invest.
-If you lose your major investors, then you may have to find new ones, which can take a long time.
B) Why you should go public (IPO)?
IPO lets a company gain more exposure and recognition from current and future investors. If a company goes public, they have the potential to generate substantial returns for their stockholders. In the end, going public can be a very successful way to raise capital and further a company’s success. However, it is a complicated process that takes much time, energy and understanding to do correctly. For those who are interested in going public but lack the knowledge or experience necessary to make it work for them, there are many different legal advisors at their disposal (Ahmad-Zaluki et al 2022). The process of going public begins with the drafting of a document called a registration statement.
A registration statement must contain all kinds of information about the company getting ready to go public as well as its potential earnings statements. The SEC requires that these documents are shown to a large number of people in order to give them an opportunity to express any concerns they might have about the business. These people include investment firms, financial institutions, and their competitors. This can seem like a very risky move for a company but it is important for the company’s future success and those who are financing their IPO are looking for reassurance that the business has been thoroughly examined by professionals.
.C) The process of going IPO.
The steps a company must undertake to go public via an IPO process are as follows:
The company must first file a registration statement with the SEC. The company’s financial information is then audited to ensure its accurate and complete. The company must file a prospectus that provides details about the company, including its operations, leadership, business risks, and financial statements – in layperson’s terms. Once the company has filed everything correctly with SEC and printed its prospectus on paper, they can sell shares to investors. This is how companies go public via the IPO process (Hartana, 2019).
D) The pros and cons of IPO.
The IPO or Initial Public Offering is a type of Islamic financing where a company sells shares of its company to the public. It is an alternative option for business owners who would like to raise money for their business without going through banks or stock-brokers (Joo et al 2019). This process does not save on fees, but it offers higher returns on investments.
The pros of offering IPO are as follows:
1) In some cases, if there was no available path through banks and stock traders, then offering IPO may be your only option.
2) Despite higher expenses associated with offering IPO, many companies have found it ideal to use this process.
3) In some cases, there can be capital shortage in the business due to unexpected circumstances and the cost of doing the IPO may not be worth it.
4) In some cases, long-term investors can be attracted by IPO due to its potential for growth and return on investment.
The cons
1) Due to the nature of business cycles, some firms may have a hard time finding investors.
2) In some cases, the company’s stock price may fall after the IPO due to market fluctuations.
3) In many cases stocks of companies which went through IPO have not been successful.
4) The SEC requires that your company offer enough information about its performance and financial statements before it goes public in an IPO so investors can make a decision about buying or selling your stock.
E) The cost for the company to go public.
For an operating company, the process is a bit more difficult and costly. The company must first undergo a series of analyst teardowns, where they are examined to make sure they have the resources to handle going public. Next, the company must hire an investment banker, who pays for all the filing fees with both the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and with state regulators.
The bank also takes care of most of the legal work that needs to be done for an IPO, including structuring stock offerings into different classes that carry certain voting rights or privileges. Finally, they will draft roadshow presentations for potential investors on why the company is worth investing in (Aminudin, 2020). Once the company has sold a certain amount of stock to investors, they will then start preparing their financial statements.
Reference
Dean, E., Elardo, J., Green, M., Wilson, B., & Berger, S. (2020). How Businesses Raise Financial Capital. Principles of Economics: Scarcity and Social Provisioning (2nd Ed.).
Joo, M. H., Nishikawa, Y., & Dandapani, K. (2019). ICOs, the next generation of IPOs. Managerial Finance.
Ahmad-Zaluki, N. A., Badru, B. O., & Kaliappen, N. (2022). Roadmap to initial public offering (IPO): the case of UECSB. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies.
Hartana, H. (2019). Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Of Capital Market And Capital Market Companies In Indonesia. Ganesha Law Review, 1(1), 41-54.
Aminudin, M. S. (2020). Analysis of Competitive Strategies Cigarette Industry in Indonesia, Study of Go-Public Company in The Government Transition Period. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen dan Bisnis, 1(1), 1-14.